Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel blends(Regional Energy Resources Information Center (RERIC) enreric@ait.ac.th, 2015) Bedar, P.; Pandey, J.K.; Kumar, G.N.This article deals with the usage of non-edible Simarouba glauca (paradise) oil as a biodiesel for single cylinder diesel engine with application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Biodiesel blends B10, B20 with EGR rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% are used for different load conditions. Parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke opacity were evaluated from the experimental study. The results show that Simarouba glauca biodiesel usage decreases HC, CO and smoke emissions with slight increase of NOx, also an improvement in the performance was observed for B10 blend. EGR rates 10% and 15% are beneficiated in terms of performance and emission but negative trend is observed for 20% EGR rate. On the whole it is concluded that a better trade-off between NOx and other emissions is attained with simultaneous application of EGR (15%) and biodiesel blend (B10) without compromising engine performance.Item Experimental Investigation of Variations in Spark Timing using a Spark-Ignition Engine with Hydrogen-Blended Gasoline(Wiley-VCH Verlag info@wiley-vch.de, 2015) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.This study describes an experiment conducted using an electronically controllable single-cylinder high-speed gasoline engine to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of various hydrogen-gasoline blends. The experiments have been conducted for various engine speeds and spark timings at the wide open throttle position. The experimental results revealed that the engine brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure first increase and then decrease with the increase engine speed at all spark timings. The minimum amount of brake specific energy consumption was observed for 20% hydrogen addition in the total fuel blend at 3000rpm engine speed and 14°crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC) spark timing. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were reduced with the retardation of spark timings. Nitrogen oxide emissions were continuously increased with the addition of hydrogen in the fuel blend as well as spark timing advance. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Item Performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder CI engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Bedar, P.; Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Kumar, G.N.It is well known fact that diesel engines are commonly used for transportation and power generation due to their high efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. On contrary these engines churn out harmful and hazardous emissions like particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recently Bio-origin renewable fuels have taken center stage of discussion because of their ability to replace depleting fossil fuels and capacity to reduce hazardous engine exhausts emissions when used in diesel engines. In the present experimental study Simarouba glauca biodiesel is used in a naturally aspirated four stroke single cylinder air cooled direct injection kirloskar DA10 engine. The main objective is to investigate the effect of biodiesel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine at 180 bar fuel injection pressure (FIP) with standard injection timing. B20, B40 biodiesel blends with 10, 15 and 20% EGR ratios were used for the study to investigate brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), NOx, and smoke opacity. Reduction in CO, HC and smoke opacity is noticed with simarouba biodiesel fuel while increasing NOx compared to diesel. Application of EGR along with biodiesel resulted in simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and smoke without affecting engine performance. It was found from experiment that B20 blend at 15% EGR shown superior performance characteristics compared to other conditions. © Springer India 2017.Item Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.Item Effect of 1-pentanol addition and EGR on the combustion, performance and emission characteristic of a CRDI diesel engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Radheshyam; Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Experimental study of 1-pentanol addition and EGR rates on the combustion, performance and emission of a CRDI diesel engine is carried out in this work. 1-Pentanol being a higher alcohol has fuel properties comparable to diesel. Experiments were conducted on a 4 stroke two cylinder, CRDI diesel engine running at a constant speed of 2000 rpm for lower load and higher load. Test fuels were prepared by blending the 1-pentanol with diesel, and tests were carried out for 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, 1-pentanol blended in diesel on a volume basis. Effect of EGR rates of 10% and 20% were also studied. It had observed that engine can be run up to 30% of 1-pentanol blended fuel without any engine modification, but with raise in the percentage of 1-pentanol in the blends, BSFC increases and BTE decreases. Combustion characteristic for blended fuel depends upon the load. At higher load due to premixed combustion MGT, CP and NHR were almost same compared to the diesel. Reduction in NOx emissions was noted for all the fuel blends at the cost of HC and CO emission. 1-pentanol is a renewable biofuel, with use of 1-pentanol the dependency on petrodiesel can be overcome. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Influence of Magneto-combustion on regulated emissions of an automotive engine under variable speed operation(MechAero Found. for Techn. Res. and Educ. Excellence office@mechaero.org, 2020) Oommen, L.P.; Kumar, G.N.The present study investigates the influence of magneto-combustion on the macro pollutants emitted from a multi point fuel injection (MPFI) automotive engine. The regulated emissions of an auto engine include carbon monoxide, un-burnt hydrocarbon (UBHC)and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) which are the by-products of internal combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel used. Depending upon the physiochemical characteristics of pollutants and their concentrations, these pollutants result in numerous physical ailments and mortality. Magneto-combustion is an under investigated technology which effectively reduces the emission of toxic vehicular exhaust. The exposure to an external magnetic field realigns the hydrocarbon structure and alters its combustion properties. The tests conducted on a Maruthi Zen MPFI engine under two different patterns of magnetisation resulted in a maximum reduction of carbon monoxide by 23.97%, UBHC by 13.1% and NOx by 5.23%, thereby reduced the cumulative negative impact on the environment. © 2020. MechAero Foundation for Technical Research & Education Excellence.Item Experimental analysis of performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine fueled with 1-pentanol/diesel blends with EGR technique(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.; Radheshyam; Sanjay, P.V.This research work aims to investigate the effect of higher alcohol blends on performance and emission parameters of CRDI CI engine with various EGR rate. 1-pentanol has improved fuel properties compared to lower alcohols. It can be used as a blend with diesel to mitigate the toxic emissions and to reduce the dependency on diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out in a CRDI CI engine with 1-pentanol/diesel blends (10%, 20% and 30% v/v) as a fuel, the speed of the engine kept constant (2000 rpm) by varying the load from 20 to 80% in step of 20%. Two EGR rates (10% and 20%) were also tested with blends to find the effect on engine characteristics. The performance of the engine reduces with higher 1-pentanol proportion in the blend. The experimental investigation showed that for P30D70 about 3.8% drop in BTE, 9.14% rise in BSFC, 16.7% drop in NOx emission and a slight rise in HC and CO emission was noted at 60% load. The smooth operation of the engine was noted with 1-pentanol/diesel blends and can be concluded that up to 30% of the 1-pentanol can be used as an alternative to the diesel with a slight cost of performance. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem Impact of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI mini truck engine under the influence of EGR(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Biofuels are the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative to diesel fuel. In the present renewable energy world, alcohols are gaining prime importance due to their nature of production and fuel properties. The present work aims to investigate the impact of 1-Hexanol and exhaust gas recirculation (10% and 20%) on engine characteristics of the common rail direct injection compression ignition engine. The experiment is carried out on a bench engine. The fraction of 1-Hexanol is varied from 10% to 40% in a step of 10% by volume. The results demonstrate that the use of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends lowers the cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature, which is 4.25% and 1.88% lower at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol compared to neat diesel fuel operation. The combustion duration is increased by 2.66?CA for 40% 1-Hexanol at 60% load compared to neat diesel fuel. However, an improvement in net heat release rate is noted which is 13.95% higher at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol, this increment is due to prolonged ignition delay. With the use of 1-Hexanol in the engine, there is a drastic reduction in nitrogen oxide emission is observed, this is the greatest impact of 1-Hexanol. However, a slight increment in the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission is also noted due to poor fuel properties like lower cetane number, higher viscosity and higher latent heat of evaporation of 1-Hexanol. Compared to all other blends in the test 10% 1-Hexanol shows comparable results with pure diesel fuel, which is only 2.37% lower in brake thermal efficiency, 3.6% higher in brake specific fuel consumption, 17.55% lower in nitrogen oxide emission, 18.18% higher in hydrocarbon and 33.33% higher in carbon monoxide emission is noted. The exhaust gas recirculation helps in reducing the NOx emission, 40% 1-Hexanol is less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation. Up to 40% of 1-Hexanol can be used in the CI engine without any modification. It is concluded that 1-Hexanol is a sustainable renewable biofuel due to the reason that even though the use of 1-Hexanol lowers the performance which helps in reducing the NOx emission greatly; the performance can be improved by modifying the engine parameters. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem Experimental studies on the impact of part-cooled high-pressure loop EGR on the combustion and emission characteristics of liquefied petroleum gas(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2020) Oommen, L.P.; Kumar, G.N.Liquefied petroleum gas is preferred and adopted in automotive engines because of its efficient burning and cleaner emission characteristics. Since LPG contains less carbon molecules and higher carbon to hydrogen ratios than gasoline or diesel, it has a much higher emission reduction potential both in the cases of regulated and non-regulated emissions. A major disadvantage of deploying LPG widely is the amount of NOx generation owing to the higher temperatures developed in the combustion chamber. In this study, part-cooled EGR is applied in varying rates (12%, 18%, 24%) in order to analyze the effects produced in the performance and emission characteristics of a multicylinder MPFI engine fuelled by 100% LPG at four different loading conditions and four different operating speeds. It can be observed that the application of an optimum rate of cooled EGR reduces the NOx emissions drastically even though at the expense of hydrocarbon emissions. The fuel consumption of the test engine is reduced up to 12.28% with the application of 18% percentage of part-cooled EGR. It can be inferred from the experimental studies that 18% part-cooled EGR is the optimum flow rate of recirculation which is most effective during the part load operation of the engine (50–75%) and at higher engine speeds. However, the emission of oxides of nitrogen reduced by 7.8% at 24% recirculation. The statistical analysis of combustion shows a reduction in combustion stability with increased flow of recirculation. © 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.Item Effect of hydrogen and 1-Hexanol on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.The effect of hydrogen and 1-Hexanol on engine characteristics was scrutinized in a diesel engine. The experiment was conducted at a variable load of 20% to 80% in step of 20% load and speed of the engine (2000 rpm) was constant throughout the experiment. Initially, the effect of injection time (9°BTDC, 12°BTDC and 15°BTDC) on engine characteristics were studied with 30% 1-Hexanol as fuel and compared with diesel fuel operation. 1-Hexanol showed excellent performance and emission characteristics at advanced injection time compared to standard and retard injection time. Then 10LPM of hydrogen was used in a dual fuel mode with 30% of 1-Hexanol at 15°BTDC. At 80% load, the hydrogen enrichment showed 6.77% higher cylinder pressure and 1.50% lower heat release rate compared to neat diesel. The Hydrogen enrichment improves the thermal efficiency by 5% at 80% load compared to neat diesel and also reduces the nitrogen oxide by 6.66% and hydrocarbon emission by 10% compared to neat diesel. From the experiment, it was noted that 1-Hexanol performance well at advanced injection time and further increment in the performance was made with hydrogen. It is concluded that 1-Hexanol and hydrogen will be a sustainable renewable energy source. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd