Faculty Publications
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Item Performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder CI engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Bedar, P.; Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Kumar, G.N.It is well known fact that diesel engines are commonly used for transportation and power generation due to their high efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. On contrary these engines churn out harmful and hazardous emissions like particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recently Bio-origin renewable fuels have taken center stage of discussion because of their ability to replace depleting fossil fuels and capacity to reduce hazardous engine exhausts emissions when used in diesel engines. In the present experimental study Simarouba glauca biodiesel is used in a naturally aspirated four stroke single cylinder air cooled direct injection kirloskar DA10 engine. The main objective is to investigate the effect of biodiesel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine at 180 bar fuel injection pressure (FIP) with standard injection timing. B20, B40 biodiesel blends with 10, 15 and 20% EGR ratios were used for the study to investigate brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), NOx, and smoke opacity. Reduction in CO, HC and smoke opacity is noticed with simarouba biodiesel fuel while increasing NOx compared to diesel. Application of EGR along with biodiesel resulted in simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and smoke without affecting engine performance. It was found from experiment that B20 blend at 15% EGR shown superior performance characteristics compared to other conditions. © Springer India 2017.Item Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.Item Effect of bioethanol–diesel blends, exhaust gas recirculation rate and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common rail diesel engine(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Lamani, V.T.; Baliga M, A.U.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.This investigation is focused on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fueled with bioethanol-blended diesel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Simulation is carried out for various EGR rates (0, 10, 20 and 30%), two different injection timings, and two different bioethanol–diesel blends (10 and 20%) at injection pressure. The equivalence ratio is kept constant in all the cases of bioethanol–diesel blends. The results indicate that the mean CO formation and ignition delay increase, whereas mean NO formation and in-cylinder temperature decrease, with increase in the EGR rate. Further, with an increase in percentage of the bioethanol blends, CO and soot formation decrease as compared to neat diesel. A significant increase in in-cylinder pressure (15%) is found at 14° before top dead centre (BTDC) compared to 9° BTDC, which leads to an increase in indicated thermal efficiency of 4% for neat diesel at 30% EGR. In the present study, maximum indicated thermal efficiency is obtained in the case of 10 and 20% bioethanol–diesel blend, and remains constant for all EGR rates considered in the study. Obtained results are validated with the available literature data and indicate good agreement. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Impact of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI mini truck engine under the influence of EGR(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Biofuels are the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative to diesel fuel. In the present renewable energy world, alcohols are gaining prime importance due to their nature of production and fuel properties. The present work aims to investigate the impact of 1-Hexanol and exhaust gas recirculation (10% and 20%) on engine characteristics of the common rail direct injection compression ignition engine. The experiment is carried out on a bench engine. The fraction of 1-Hexanol is varied from 10% to 40% in a step of 10% by volume. The results demonstrate that the use of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends lowers the cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature, which is 4.25% and 1.88% lower at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol compared to neat diesel fuel operation. The combustion duration is increased by 2.66?CA for 40% 1-Hexanol at 60% load compared to neat diesel fuel. However, an improvement in net heat release rate is noted which is 13.95% higher at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol, this increment is due to prolonged ignition delay. With the use of 1-Hexanol in the engine, there is a drastic reduction in nitrogen oxide emission is observed, this is the greatest impact of 1-Hexanol. However, a slight increment in the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission is also noted due to poor fuel properties like lower cetane number, higher viscosity and higher latent heat of evaporation of 1-Hexanol. Compared to all other blends in the test 10% 1-Hexanol shows comparable results with pure diesel fuel, which is only 2.37% lower in brake thermal efficiency, 3.6% higher in brake specific fuel consumption, 17.55% lower in nitrogen oxide emission, 18.18% higher in hydrocarbon and 33.33% higher in carbon monoxide emission is noted. The exhaust gas recirculation helps in reducing the NOx emission, 40% 1-Hexanol is less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation. Up to 40% of 1-Hexanol can be used in the CI engine without any modification. It is concluded that 1-Hexanol is a sustainable renewable biofuel due to the reason that even though the use of 1-Hexanol lowers the performance which helps in reducing the NOx emission greatly; the performance can be improved by modifying the engine parameters. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem Effect of injection time on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of direct injection CI engine fuelled with equi-volume of 1-hexanol/diesel blends(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.In this experimental research work, the effect of 1-Hexanol on engine parameters is studied and to improve the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CI engine, fuel injection time is advanced and retarded to know the best possible injection time. The experiment is conducted in a twin-cylinder, common rail direct injection diesel engine, speed (2000 rpm) of the engine is constant throughout the experiment and the engine load is varied as 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. In this experiment equi-volume of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends is used as a fuel, the experiment is conducted for standard (12°BTDC), advanced (15°BTDC) and retard (9°BTDC) injection time. The obtained results are compared with baseline readings taken at standard injection time. The advanced injection time shows the best results compared to standard and retard injection time. The advanced injection time shows improved combustion parameters, the combustion peak moves near to TDC. An increment of 14.28% in BTE is noted for 1-Hexanol blend. The CO and HC emission decreases with advanced injection time, whereas higher NOx emission is noted. It is concluded that 50% of 1-Hexanol can be used in CI engine with slight modification in injection time; the advanced injection time gives improved efficiency. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem The effect of tri-fuel blends on engine characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.; Shahapur, S.Biofuels are the most promising alternative to petro-diesel. In this work, the combined effect of mahua biodiesel and 1-Hexanol is studied on the engine characteristics. The concentration of both 1-Hexanol and mahua biodiesel is varied, 10%, 20%, and 30% each with diesel fuel. Common rail direct injection diesel engine is used in this study. Engine load is varied from 20% to 80% in step of 20%, the speed of the engine is constant throughout the experiment. Biofuel blends showed improved cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature at a higher engine load. At 60% load, 10H10M80D (10% 1-Hexanol/10% mahua biodiesel/80% diesel) showed 3.45% lower thermal efficiency and 6.11% higher fuel consumption compared to diesel. At 60% load, all the biofuel blends showed 50% lower carbon monoxide emission. At 60% load, 10H10M80D showed 33.33% lower hydrocarbon emission and 0.96% higher nitrogen oxide emission compared to baseline readings. The biofuel blends are less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) due to the oxygenated nature of biofuels. With 20% EGR, at 60% load, 10H10M80D showed 39.48% lower nitrogen oxide compared to no EGR. The results of 10H10M80D showed the best performance at all loads. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Biomass-derived 5-(tolylmethyl)furfural as a promising diesel additive: preparation, process scale-up, and engine studies(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Yadav, A.K.; Yadav, S.K.; Kumar, G.N.; Madav, V.; Dutta, S.Furanic fuel oxygenates, renewably produced from biomass, have received significant interest in lessening dependence on petroleum-derived liquid fuels and reducing emissions. 5-(Tolylmethyl)furfural (TMF) was prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction between cellulose-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) and petroleum-derived toluene. The process was optimized on various parameters, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio of reagents, catalyst loading, and duration. Anhydrous ZnCl2 was the best catalyst for the reaction, affording a 67% isolated yield of TMF under optimized conditions (120 °C, 4 h). TMF was prepared on a 30 g scale and blended (1-5 vol%) with diesel. The physicochemical properties of the TMF-diesel blended fuel mixtures were studied, and then they were employed as fuel for a direct injection single-cylinder diesel engine. The results show good fuel properties and reduced emissions compared to unblended diesel fuel. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.