Faculty Publications
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Item Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel blends(Regional Energy Resources Information Center (RERIC) enreric@ait.ac.th, 2015) Bedar, P.; Pandey, J.K.; Kumar, G.N.This article deals with the usage of non-edible Simarouba glauca (paradise) oil as a biodiesel for single cylinder diesel engine with application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Biodiesel blends B10, B20 with EGR rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% are used for different load conditions. Parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke opacity were evaluated from the experimental study. The results show that Simarouba glauca biodiesel usage decreases HC, CO and smoke emissions with slight increase of NOx, also an improvement in the performance was observed for B10 blend. EGR rates 10% and 15% are beneficiated in terms of performance and emission but negative trend is observed for 20% EGR rate. On the whole it is concluded that a better trade-off between NOx and other emissions is attained with simultaneous application of EGR (15%) and biodiesel blend (B10) without compromising engine performance.Item Performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder CI engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Bedar, P.; Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Kumar, G.N.It is well known fact that diesel engines are commonly used for transportation and power generation due to their high efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. On contrary these engines churn out harmful and hazardous emissions like particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recently Bio-origin renewable fuels have taken center stage of discussion because of their ability to replace depleting fossil fuels and capacity to reduce hazardous engine exhausts emissions when used in diesel engines. In the present experimental study Simarouba glauca biodiesel is used in a naturally aspirated four stroke single cylinder air cooled direct injection kirloskar DA10 engine. The main objective is to investigate the effect of biodiesel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine at 180 bar fuel injection pressure (FIP) with standard injection timing. B20, B40 biodiesel blends with 10, 15 and 20% EGR ratios were used for the study to investigate brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), NOx, and smoke opacity. Reduction in CO, HC and smoke opacity is noticed with simarouba biodiesel fuel while increasing NOx compared to diesel. Application of EGR along with biodiesel resulted in simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and smoke without affecting engine performance. It was found from experiment that B20 blend at 15% EGR shown superior performance characteristics compared to other conditions. © Springer India 2017.Item Computational analysis of unsteady flow in turbine part of turbocharger(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Rao, H.K.S.; Raviteja, S.; Kumar, G.N.Turbocharging technique is widely employed in internal combustion engines to improve the performance and to reduce the exhaust emissions. Flow analysis through the turbocharger has been a guiding method to optimize the turbocharger design. Usually, the turbocharger turbine is analyzed at steady states. But in practical scenario the turbine operates with unsteady flow due to the reciprocating motion of exhaust port and creates unsteady environment in the turbine. In order to increase turbine efficiencies and effective engine turbocharger matching, proper understanding of unsteady flow physics within the turbine is essential. Currently the turbine and compressors maps are obtained by using 1D code which includes extrapolation techniques. These methods neglect heat transfer and windage effects, hence resulting in lower aerodynamic efficiencies. Three dimensional analysis could lead to a better estimation of the flow field, helping the designer to build a high efficiency turbocharger. The present article concentrates on investigating unsteady flow field in the turbine part of a turbocharger. The necessary unsteady conditions at turbine inlet were obtained using commercially available one dimensional engine simulation software AVL Boost. A turbocharged twin cylinder CRDI diesel engine test rig was modelled within the workspace. The exhaust mass flow rate, pressure and temperature were recorded as a function of crank angle. These results were used as the boundary condition for the 3D analysis of the turbine. ANSYS CFX tools were used to solve the unsteady case. The turbine geometry was generated using ANSYS bladegen. The model selected for analysis is k-? turbulence Model. The pulsating performance, effect of secondary flows and entropy generation are discussed in the paper. © Springer India 2017.Item Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.Item NOx reduction studies on a diesel engine operating on waste plastic oil blend using selective catalytic reduction technique(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Ayodhya, A.S.; Lamani, V.T.; Thirumoorthy, M.; Kumar, G.N.The constant escalation in the consumption of petroleum products has compelled researchers to discover for new alternative fuels which can be successfully incorporated in the existing automotive engines. Oil derived from waste plastics is one such alternative, which not only ensures longevity of fossil fuels but also assists in bringing down the hazardous impacts caused by the improper disposal of plastic wastes. This work focuses on the utilization of valuable energy of toxic non-biodegradable waste plastics to lucratively be used as an alternative fuel. An attempt was further made to reduce the NO X emissions which increased with the use of waste plastic oil blend. The main objective of this experimental investigation is to study the performance & emission characteristics of a twin cylinder CRDI engine subjected to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) after-treatment technique. Different flow rates of ammonia as a reducing agent were tested and concluded that a flow rate of 0.5 kg/hr furnishes optimum results. A comparison of NO X reduction efficiency was also made between SCR and EGR techniques. The comparison eventually indicated that SCR gives better NO X conversion efficiency at higher loads without any adverse effect on the engine performance while operating on Waste Plastic Oil blend (P30). © 2018 Energy InstituteItem Effect of bioethanol–diesel blends, exhaust gas recirculation rate and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common rail diesel engine(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Lamani, V.T.; Baliga M, A.U.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.This investigation is focused on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fueled with bioethanol-blended diesel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Simulation is carried out for various EGR rates (0, 10, 20 and 30%), two different injection timings, and two different bioethanol–diesel blends (10 and 20%) at injection pressure. The equivalence ratio is kept constant in all the cases of bioethanol–diesel blends. The results indicate that the mean CO formation and ignition delay increase, whereas mean NO formation and in-cylinder temperature decrease, with increase in the EGR rate. Further, with an increase in percentage of the bioethanol blends, CO and soot formation decrease as compared to neat diesel. A significant increase in in-cylinder pressure (15%) is found at 14° before top dead centre (BTDC) compared to 9° BTDC, which leads to an increase in indicated thermal efficiency of 4% for neat diesel at 30% EGR. In the present study, maximum indicated thermal efficiency is obtained in the case of 10 and 20% bioethanol–diesel blend, and remains constant for all EGR rates considered in the study. Obtained results are validated with the available literature data and indicate good agreement. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Effect of injection pressure on the performance and emission characteristics of the CI engine using Vateria indica biodiesel(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Rao, G.; Kumar, G.N.; Herbert, M.A.Vateria indica Linn seeds were found to contain nearly 19% of oil/fat content. This fat is converted into biodiesel by a novel method by the authors at the biodiesel preparation facility at NITK, Surathkal, India. As biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for petro diesel in compression ignition (CI) engines, this biofuel is tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The objective of this work is to find combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine with diesel and blends of V. indica biodiesel at 180, 200 and 220 bar injection pressures. Blending is done in volumetric ratios of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of biodiesel with diesel which are called as B10, B15, B20 and B25. The idea of increasing fuel injection pressure is to promote atomisation and full penetration into the combustion chamber leading to better combustion. Blend B25 showed best thermal efficiency of the order of 33.03% and the least NOX emission of 1047 ppm at 220 bar injection pressure at 75% load. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Effect of 1-pentanol addition and EGR on the combustion, performance and emission characteristic of a CRDI diesel engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Radheshyam; Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Experimental study of 1-pentanol addition and EGR rates on the combustion, performance and emission of a CRDI diesel engine is carried out in this work. 1-Pentanol being a higher alcohol has fuel properties comparable to diesel. Experiments were conducted on a 4 stroke two cylinder, CRDI diesel engine running at a constant speed of 2000 rpm for lower load and higher load. Test fuels were prepared by blending the 1-pentanol with diesel, and tests were carried out for 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, 1-pentanol blended in diesel on a volume basis. Effect of EGR rates of 10% and 20% were also studied. It had observed that engine can be run up to 30% of 1-pentanol blended fuel without any engine modification, but with raise in the percentage of 1-pentanol in the blends, BSFC increases and BTE decreases. Combustion characteristic for blended fuel depends upon the load. At higher load due to premixed combustion MGT, CP and NHR were almost same compared to the diesel. Reduction in NOx emissions was noted for all the fuel blends at the cost of HC and CO emission. 1-pentanol is a renewable biofuel, with use of 1-pentanol the dependency on petrodiesel can be overcome. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Experimental analysis of performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine fueled with 1-pentanol/diesel blends with EGR technique(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.; Radheshyam; Sanjay, P.V.This research work aims to investigate the effect of higher alcohol blends on performance and emission parameters of CRDI CI engine with various EGR rate. 1-pentanol has improved fuel properties compared to lower alcohols. It can be used as a blend with diesel to mitigate the toxic emissions and to reduce the dependency on diesel fuel. The experiment was carried out in a CRDI CI engine with 1-pentanol/diesel blends (10%, 20% and 30% v/v) as a fuel, the speed of the engine kept constant (2000 rpm) by varying the load from 20 to 80% in step of 20%. Two EGR rates (10% and 20%) were also tested with blends to find the effect on engine characteristics. The performance of the engine reduces with higher 1-pentanol proportion in the blend. The experimental investigation showed that for P30D70 about 3.8% drop in BTE, 9.14% rise in BSFC, 16.7% drop in NOx emission and a slight rise in HC and CO emission was noted at 60% load. The smooth operation of the engine was noted with 1-pentanol/diesel blends and can be concluded that up to 30% of the 1-pentanol can be used as an alternative to the diesel with a slight cost of performance. © 2020 Elsevier LtdItem Impact of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI mini truck engine under the influence of EGR(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Biofuels are the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative to diesel fuel. In the present renewable energy world, alcohols are gaining prime importance due to their nature of production and fuel properties. The present work aims to investigate the impact of 1-Hexanol and exhaust gas recirculation (10% and 20%) on engine characteristics of the common rail direct injection compression ignition engine. The experiment is carried out on a bench engine. The fraction of 1-Hexanol is varied from 10% to 40% in a step of 10% by volume. The results demonstrate that the use of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends lowers the cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature, which is 4.25% and 1.88% lower at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol compared to neat diesel fuel operation. The combustion duration is increased by 2.66?CA for 40% 1-Hexanol at 60% load compared to neat diesel fuel. However, an improvement in net heat release rate is noted which is 13.95% higher at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol, this increment is due to prolonged ignition delay. With the use of 1-Hexanol in the engine, there is a drastic reduction in nitrogen oxide emission is observed, this is the greatest impact of 1-Hexanol. However, a slight increment in the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission is also noted due to poor fuel properties like lower cetane number, higher viscosity and higher latent heat of evaporation of 1-Hexanol. Compared to all other blends in the test 10% 1-Hexanol shows comparable results with pure diesel fuel, which is only 2.37% lower in brake thermal efficiency, 3.6% higher in brake specific fuel consumption, 17.55% lower in nitrogen oxide emission, 18.18% higher in hydrocarbon and 33.33% higher in carbon monoxide emission is noted. The exhaust gas recirculation helps in reducing the NOx emission, 40% 1-Hexanol is less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation. Up to 40% of 1-Hexanol can be used in the CI engine without any modification. It is concluded that 1-Hexanol is a sustainable renewable biofuel due to the reason that even though the use of 1-Hexanol lowers the performance which helps in reducing the NOx emission greatly; the performance can be improved by modifying the engine parameters. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd