Faculty Publications
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Item Utilization of Ferrochrome and Recycled Concrete Aggregates for Sustainable Pavement Base Layers—A Laboratory Study(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Chiranjeevi, K.; Kumar, D.H.; Yatish, R.G.; Talkeri, H.T.; Mulangi, R.H.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.The paramount importance of incorporating alternative aggregates cannot be overstated, as it plays a pivotal role in resource conservation, sustainability promotion, and efficient waste management. This study focuses on the utilization of ferrochrome aggregate (FCA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) within cement-treated base layers, aiming to entirely substitute natural coarse aggregate (NCA). The research meticulously fabricated cement-treated recycled and ferrochrome aggregate (CTRFA) samples with cement contents of 3, 5, and 7%. These specimens incorporated varying blends of RCA and FCA, ranging from 0 to 100%. In this investigation, strength properties such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), flexural strength, elastic modulus, and indirect tensile strength (ITS) were performed alongside durability. The experimental results indicated that the cement content exerted a more pronounced influence on both strength and durability. The CTRFA mixes containing 50% RCA, 50% FCA, and 5% cement meet IRC 37 2018 strength and durability standards and can be used as a base layer for flexible pavement instead of conventional cement-treated base (CTB). © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Optimisation of recycled concrete aggregates for cement-treated bases by response surface method(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Chiranjeevi, K.; Kumar, D.H.; Srinivasa, A.S.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.Sustainability is a primary concern that needs to be addressed since infrastructure development requires significant natural resources. Using Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) for road construction has numerous benefits in saving natural resources and the environment. In the present investigation, the demolition waste is being used for road construction, partially/fully replacing natural aggregates. The Cement Treated Recycled Concrete Aggregate (CTRCA) specimens were prepared at 3%, 5%, and 7% cement with various blends of RCA and Natural Coarse Aggregates (NCA) ranging from 0 to 100%. The strength characteristics in terms of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Flexural Strength (FS), Elastic Modulus, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) and durability tests were conducted on cured samples. Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) revealed that the pores and cracks in the old mortar have a detrimental influence on the mechanical properties of CTRCA mixes. However, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and durability tests have shown positive results. The Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilised to optimise the RCA and cement content in CTRCA mixes. The research resulted in the maximum possible RCA of up to 70% with a cement content of 5.8%, which met the Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications for Cement Treated Bases (CTB). © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Utilization of recycled concrete aggregates for pavement base courses – A detailed laboratory study(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Chiranjeevi, K.; R G, Y.; Kumar, D.H.; Mulangi, R.H.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.R.Pavement construction and maintenance have become prevalent globally due to increasing traffic volumes and higher vehicular axle weights, driven by population growth and technological advancements. However, the extensive reliance on natural resources raises concerns about their long-term availability and sustainability. An emerging trend in construction involves the application of alternative materials, such as demolished waste and industrial by-products, as substitutes for natural materials like aggregates. This study examined strength properties, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), flexural strength, elastic modulus, indirect tensile strength (ITS) and the performance aspects of durability, shrinkage, and fatigue. Cement stabilized recycled concrete aggregate (CSRCA) mixes were prepared by varying the percentage of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) from 0% to 100% and cement content from 3% to 7%. The experimental findings demonstrated that the cement content had a more significant impact on the strength and performance characteristics of CSRCA mixes than RCA content. The mixes with RCA replacement up to 50% and a cement content of 5% satisfy the strength and durability criteria recommended by IRC 37. A higher proportion of RCA was found to have a detrimental effect on mechanical properties and fatigue characteristics. It was found that the CSRCA mixes with 50% RCA replacement to NCA can be used as a base layer instead of a conventional cement-treated base (CTB) for flexible pavement. © 2023 Elsevier LtdItem Optimization and Characterization of Ferrochrome and Recycled Concrete Aggregate Mixes for Pavement Base Layers(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2025) Chiranjeevi, K.; Kumar, D.H.; Yatish, R.G.; Mulangi, R.H.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.Utilizing alternate aggregates is crucial for conserving resources, promoting sustainability, and managing waste effectively. The focus of the current study was the utilization of ferrochrome aggregate (FCA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in cement-treated base layers with the objective of entirely replacing natural coarse aggregate (NCA). The study meticulously prepared cement treated recycled and ferrochrome aggregate (CTRFA) specimens with 3%, 5%, and 7% cement content. These specimens incorporated varying blends of RCA and FCA, ranging from 0% to 100%. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the mixes by considering strength and durability criteria for cement treated bases (CTB). Microstructural characterization was aimed to explore aggregate surface roughness, mortar hardness, mineral phases, cracks, and elements within the matrix. The outcomes of optimization revealed that the optimal mixture, meeting the specifications of the Indian Road Congress, could be achieved by substituting 61% RCA and 39% FCA with 4.8% cement content. © 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.