Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Kishan, D.Subject: search.filters.subject.Electric vehicle batteries

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    Magnetic Coupling Characteristics and Efficiency Analysis of Spiral Magnetic Power Pads for Inductive WPT System
    (River Publishers, 2022) Kishan, D.
    The inductive wireless power transfer system (IWPT) for electric vehicle battery charging works based on the principle of mutual induction (MI). The amount of power transfer from source to vehicle battery be contingent on the mutual inductance (MI) within the inductively coupled pads. This mutual inductance depends on the type of the inductive power pads, the distance among them, their positioning etc. This paper develops and study the inductive coupling characteristics of identical spiral circular and square inductive power pads. The coupling characteristics at various misalignments with different vertical distance between the coils is presented. In this work, the inductive power pads without using ferrite bars, and with ferrite bars are considered. The coupling characteristics of the spiral circular and square are computed using FEM simulations and validated with experimental results. This paper also investigated the power loss and efficiency analysis of the spiral inductive pads of the resonant IWPT system. © 2022 River Publishers.
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    Primary side control strategies for battery charging regulation in wireless power transfer systems for EV applications
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Vinod, M.; Kishan, D.; Kannan, R.; Iqbal, A.; Sulthan, S.
    Resonant inductive-based wireless power transfer (WPT) for battery charging has potential applications in electric vehicles (EVs). The EV battery charging process requires the regulation of both charging voltage and current. Duty ratio or frequency control is generally preferred to manage the power flow between the transmitter and receiver coils in the WPT system. In the case of WPT charging, misalignment between the coils and parameter variations are unavoidable issues that result in changes to the output power. Therefore, it is essential to control the power flow to maintain constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes during battery charging. To address these challenges, various primary-side control techniques, such as asymmetric clamped mode (ACM), asymmetric duty cycle (ADC), and phase-shift (PS) fixed frequency control strategies, have been proposed for WPT systems. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of these control methods, considering their output voltage ranges and their ability to maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) for the entire control range. Furthermore, the paper presents a generalized design for reduced-order small signal modelling, utilizing an extended describing function. The designed controller, based on small signal modelling, will undergo real-time testing to evaluate its dynamic performance in the series-series resonant converter. © 2023 The Authors. IET Power Electronics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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    An efficient battery swapping and charging mechanism for electric vehicles using bat algorithm
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Vani, B.V.; Kishan, D.; Ahmad, M.W.; Naresh Kumar Reddy, B.N.K.
    The recent surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption has presented various challenges, notably in the charging and discharging processes of EV batteries, each characterized by unique traits. While conventional charging stations remain popular, battery swap stations (BSS) offer a compelling alternative, addressing issues like prolonged waiting times and potential battery degradation from fast charging. BSS, with its extensive array of battery systems, ensures efficient services for EVs. However, meticulous planning for the charging and discharging operations is imperative for both BSS and the overall grid to guarantee optimal functionality. This paper proposes an efficient approach to enhance the efficiency of battery swapping and charging mechanisms (BSCM) for electric vehicles, leveraging the bat algorithm. The BSCM is conceived as a system that incorporates both the battery swapping mechanism (BSM) and the battery charging mechanism (BCM). The key contribution lies in designing an effective BSCM where the BSM functions as a manager, handling battery swapping requests from EV users, while the BCM acts as a supporter, interfacing with the grid to regulate battery charging and discharging power. To efficiently address the mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) inherent in this system, a Bat algorithm is developed. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in efficiently addressing large-scale problems, producing solutions that closely approach optimality. It promptly achieves a substantial reduction in battery swapping energy by 30% and 24%, respectively, and significantly enhances charging station utilization by 25% and 21% compared to the LSTM-Based Rolling Horizon Approach and Bilevel Optimization Approach. Additionally, the algorithm showcases remarkable improvements in battery swapping performance, boasting a 25% and 19% enhancement, and noteworthy increases in charging station utilization by 20% and 17% compared to the aforementioned approaches. This enhancement in the energy exchange with grid and regulation contributes to the overall efficiency and sustainability of electric vehicle operations. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
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    Enhanced electric vehicle battery management system employing bat algorithm with chaotic diversification strategies
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Vani, B.V.; Kishan, D.; Ahmad, Md.W.; Reddy, C.R.P.
    As the demand for electric vehicles (EV) continues to increase, the need for effective charging and switching of battery systems becomes more important. This article presents a method using the Bat Algorithm (BA) improved by chaotic diversification as well as social education to optimize the power source replacement and the electric vehicle charging procedure. The plan is intended to solve the issues of payment delay and battery management failure. The algorithm searches for better positions by combining chaotic diversity, while social learning supports the coordination of battery stations. Thanks to extensive simulation and real-world testing, our approach shows significant improvements in optimization and a reduced payback period. The results show that the suggested approach outperforms the current algorithms in terms of rotation speed and good solution. This research supports the development of efficient transportation by providing practical solutions to increase the efficiency of electric vehicle transfer and payment and ultimately encourage greater effort. © 2024 The Author(s). IET Power Electronics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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    A Three-Phase Isolated Multilevel AC-DC Converter for Dual Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Vinusha, B.; Kalpana, R.; Kishan, D.
    In this paper, a two-stage electric vehicle (EV) architecture of an AC-DC converter is proposed for charging two batteries at a time. It consists of a three-phase multilevel boost PFC converter followed by a bidirectional dual-output DC-DC converter. Also, the DC-DC converter has a Zero voltage switching (ZVS) and isolated outputs. The two stages function independently, allowing the AC-DC stage to operate in continuous conduction mode (CCM) without affecting the duty cycle variation of the DC-DC stage. A suitable control technique is also proposed to improve total harmonic distortion (THD) and power factor, equal power sharing of two batteries. A detailed operating analysis of the proposed dual battery charger is discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed charger is validated by extensive test of laboratory prototype. © 1972-2012 IEEE.
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    A dual full-bridge series-series resonant IPT system for ultra-wide-range electric vehicle battery applications
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Vinod, M.; Kishan, D.
    The design of inductive charging systems presents a significant challenge for various electric vehicle models, each equipped with diverse battery packs ranging from 200 to 800 V. Typically, DC–DC converters, along with diode bridge rectifiers or controlled rectifiers, are employed to accommodate this wide battery voltage range. However, this conventional approach increases vehicle weight and introduces greater control intricacies. In response, this article proposes a wide-gain converter with two sets of coupled coils to charge batteries of different voltage ranges without compromising system efficiency. The proposed system operates in four modes: voltage doubler mode, current doubler mode, full-bridge mode, and half-bridge mode, which has high voltage gain, high current gain, medium voltage gain, and low voltage gain operations. The simulations have been performed using MATLAB-Simulink software to validate the efficacy of the dual full-bridge converter across various battery voltages (800 V, 400 V, and 200 V) and power levels. Furthermore, a laboratory prototype has been built with SiC devices to further validate the proposed converter. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.