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Item Benzene hydroxylation to phenol with iron impregnated activated carbon catalysts(Elsevier Inc., 2006) Choi, J.-S.; Kim, T.-H.; Choo, K.-Y.; Sung, J.-S.; Saidutta, M.B.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.; Rhee, Y.-W.Iron impregnated on activated carbon was used as catalyst for the direct synthesis of phenol from benzene. The effect of Sn addition to the catalyst was studied. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, SEM and XRD analysis. The catalyst 5.0Fe/AC showed good activity in the conversion of benzene and addition of Sn seemed to improve the selectivity of phenol in the reaction. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item The direct conversion of benzene to phenol by hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide was carried out over various transition metals impregnated on MCM-41 and activated carbon. Copper-, iron-, and vanadium-impregnated on activated carbon gave better yields of phenol when compared to the corresponding reactions using cobalt-, nickel-, manganese-, and titanium-impregnated catalysts. Comparison of the MCM-41 and activated carbon-supported catalysts showed that activated carbon-supported catalysts gave a higher yield of phenol than did the MCM-41-supported catalysts. The activity of the transition metals supported on activated carbon in the production of phenol was V > Fe > Cu; the corresponding activity of the transition metals supported on MCM-41 was Cu > Fe > V. In addition to the role of transition metals in catalyzing the hydroxylation reaction, the hydrophobic nature of the activated carbon surface seems to enhance the performance of these catalysts relative to the MCM-41-supported catalysts.(Benzene hydroxylation to phenol catalyzed by transition metals supported on MCM-41 and activated carbon) Choi, J.-S.; Kim, T.-H.; Saidutta, M.B.; Sung, J.-S.; Kim, K.-I.; Jasra, R.V.; Song, S.-D.; Rhee, Y.-W.2004Item The direct conversion of benzene to phenol by hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide was carried out over catalyst containing various transition metals impregnated on activated carbon. Iron and vanadium impregnated catalysts gave better yields of phenol compared to copper impregnated catalysts. The activity of transition metals supported on activated carbon catalyst in the production of phenol was V > Fe > Cu. In addition to the role of transition metals in catalyzing the hydroxylation reaction, the hydrophobic nature of the activated carbon surface and also the surface acidity and basicity seems to have enhanced the performance of these catalysts. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.(Transition metals supported on activated carbon as benzene hydroxylation catalysts) Choi, J.-S.; Kim, T.-H.; Choo, K.-Y.; Sung, J.-S.; Saidutta, M.B.; Song, S.-D.; Rhee, Y.-W.2005Item The direct conversion of benzene to phenol by hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide was carried out over catalysts containing iron impregnated on activated carbon. Iron was impregnated on various surface modified activated carbons. The catalyst that was made by treating activated carbon with nitric acid, that was treated thermally in the presence of nitrogen at 600 °C and impregnated with 5 wt.% iron, gave a phenol yield of 20%. It was found that the synergistic interactions of surface groups and the impregnated iron have enhanced the performance of these catalysts. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.(Direct synthesis of phenol from benzene on iron-impregnated activated carbon catalysts) Choi, J.-S.; Kim, T.-H.; Choo, K.-Y.; Sung, J.-S.; Saidutta, M.B.; Ryu, S.-O.; Song, S.-D.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.; Rhee, Y.-W.2005