Faculty Publications
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Item Membrane technology—a promising approach for metal ion extraction(Elsevier, 2024) Antony, N.; Vijesh, A.M.; Isloor, A.M.Metal ion extraction using ion exchange membranes (IEM) receives much attention as it can find a solution to environmental problems to reduce emissions of heavy metals from wastewater contaminated with industrial effluents. Among the various IEM available, cation exchange membranes are widely used by researchers due to its enhanced ability to hold the metal ion and retain them in the organic phase. This review book chapter emphasizes the extraction of metal ions, specifically about the studies carried out in the field of iron, zinc, and copper metal ions using IEM. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Advances of membrane technology in wastewater treatment(Elsevier, 2024) Deepthi, P.V.; Viji, K.; Vijesh, A.M.; Isloor, A.M.; Kumar, V.Pure water scarcity is becoming a real threat to the modern world. Rapid growth in the textile, paper, and printing industries has caused the production of large quantities of dye effluents, and they must be treated before passing to the water bodies or lands to minimize pollution and environmental impacts. Polymeric membrane-based filtration has been established as an optimal and greener approach for removing hazardous dyes from polluted water. Superior thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties and convenient modifiability made polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) ideal for the production of membranes for the treatment of dye effluents from industries. This chapter emphasizes the recent developments in modified PSF, PES, and PPSU membranes and their dye rejection properties. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Nonporous polymeric membranes for biohydrogen purification(Elsevier, 2025) Mendonca, N.R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.Biohydrogen generated from biomass is a clean form of hydrogen. The dark fermentation process for the generation of biohydrogen gives a mixture of H2 and CO2 from which biohydrogen needs to be purified. From the available methods for biohydrogen purification, membrane technology is the most viable since it is less energy-intensive and can be combined easily with other processes. Both polymeric as well as inorganic membranes are employed in gas separation processes. Of these, nonporous polymeric membranes are economically viable and are hence used in large-scale gas separations. The use of nonporous polymeric membranes, composed of polymers like polybenzimidazole, polyimide, and polysulfone, for biohydrogen purification is an ongoing area of research which can help to generate hydrogen for use in hydrogen fuel cells, hence reducing the dependence on fossil fuels which pollute the environment. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Synthesis and desalination performance of Ar+-N+ irradiated polysulfone based new NF membrane(2011) Hegde, C.; Isloor, A.M.; Padaki, M.; Wanichapichart, P.; Liangdeng, Y.In the last few years, membrane technology has gained more attention from polymer chemists throughout the globe. Nowadays, surface modification of membrane is very useful in biotechnology and food science. In the present investigation, we have synthesized polysulfone based composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes, and characterized these membranes by FT-IR, SEM and membrane performance studies. Surface plasma treatment was carried out by irradiation with argon and nitrogen beams in suitable conditions. It was observed that nitrogen beam caused surface roughness that was more severe than the Ar beam. After irradiation, water contact angle was slightly increased. For pure water permeability, flux increased linearly with the operating pressure. However, for the salt solution, the flux was decreased marginally and salt rejection increased after irradiation due to surface modification. The modification effect was characterized in terms of contact angle, AFM employed roughness measurement and dielectric property. It revealed that irradiated NF membranes showed higher salt rejection and lower flux as compared to the nonmodified membranes. Accordingly, the roughness of the membrane surface intensively affected the performance of RO membrane. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.Item Synthesis, characterization and desalination study of novel PSAB and mPSAB blend membranes with Polysulfone (PSf)(2012) Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdullah, M.S.The present paper describes the synthesis of poly sulphonyl amino benzamide (PSAB) and methyalated poly sulphonyl amino benzamide (mPSAB) polymer, using terephthalic acid chloride and substituted 4-amino-1-benzensulphonmide in N-methyl-. 2-pyrrolidone. Polymers were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and GPC. Polysulfone composite membranes were prepared using these novel poymers by DIPS (Diffusion Induced Phase Seperation) method. These composite membranes are useful for water purification with special emphasis on sea water desalination. Newly prepared membranes were studied for salt rejection, water flux, molecular weight cut off by PEG solution, effect of the pH on water swelling and salt rejection and flux decline was also studied. 30 to 70% of the salt rejection was observed in all membranes. Effect of the dilution on salt rejection was studied using different concentration of NaCl solution varying from 1000. ppm to 3500. ppm. All the membranes showed 80% rejection for PEG having 1000. Da molecular weight. Contact angle and water swelling was measured to determine hydrophilicity of the membrane. Water swelling and salt rejection in different pH was also studied. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and characterization of sulfonated polysulfone and N-phthloyl chitosan blend composite cation-exchange membrane for desalination(2012) Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.; Wanichapichart, P.; A.F., A.F.Sulfonated polysulfone (sPSf) was prepared and used as a polymer matrix for cation-exchange membranes (CEM). The sulfonation reaction was carried out at room temperature and the degree of sulfonation was calculated by titration method. Blend composite membranes were prepared using different ratios of sPSf and modified chitosan (CS). Membrane properties were studied in terms of water flux, water swelling ratio, molecular weight cut off (MWCO), ion-exchange capacity (IEC) and contact angle measurement. Charge on the membrane was confirmed by ionic diffusion potential (DP). It was observed that, DP increased with the increase in the concentration of sPSf. The membrane sPSf:CS 60:40 showed 1000Da MWCO, 14.6mV diffusion potential (DP) and 0.083mM/g of IEC. Similarly sPSf:CS 90:10 showed 10,000Da MWCO, 71.7mV diffusion potential (DP) and 0.176mM/g of IEC. Moreover, membrane sPSf:CS 60:40 showed 93%, 89% and 69% for MgSO 4, Na 2SO 4 and NaCl rejection respectively. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and characterization of polysulfone and modified poly isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride blend NF membrane(2012) Ganesh, B.M.; Isloor, A.M.; Padaki, M.Recently nanofiltration (NF) is gaining more importance for water treatment. It is replacing the conventional method of water treatment due to advantages of NF membranes over RO system. In this work, we are discussing the preparation of NF membrane for desalination of sea water. We herein report the synthesis of polymer, by the reaction of p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and poly isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride (PIAM) and its blend membrane preparation with polysulfone (PSf). The new membranes were characterized by SEM images, surface wettability to investigate the hydrophilic nature of the membrane, water swelling, pure water flux, molecular weight cut-off and salt rejection of the membranes. The membranes showed nano size (<50nm) pores in SEM image, and the contact angle data revealed that membrane surface is moderately hydrophilic. Membrane with 70:30 (PSf:modified PIAM) composition has shown good salt rejection of 96% at 200kPa for 3500ppm of NaCl solution with a pure water flux of 38.36Lm -2h -1. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Item Synthesis, characterization and desalination study of composite NF membranes of novel Poly[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]butanediamide (PASB) and methyalated Poly[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]butanediamide (mPASB) with Polysulfone (PSf)(2013) Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.; Kumar, R.; A.F., A.F.; Matsuura, T.In the present investigation, Poly [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]butanediamide (PASB) and methylated Poly[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] butanediamide (mPASB) polymers were synthesized, using succinyl chloride and substituted 4-amino-1-benzenesulphonamide. Polysulfone composite membranes were prepared by blending these novel polymers by Diffusion Induced Phase Separation (DIPS) method. The performance of the membrane was studied in terms of salt rejection, water flux and molecular weight cutoff. The prepared membranes were hydrophilic in nature, which was confirmed by water uptake studies and contact angle measurement. All the membranes showed 1000. Da molecular weight cutoff. A maximum NaCl rejection of 52% was observed in some of the membranes. The effect of feed NaCl concentration on the NaCl rejection was also studied. The resistance of the membranes in a wide pH range was studied by water uptake measurement. Antifouling properties of the membranes were also performed using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) solution. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Enhanced hydrophilicity and salt rejection study of graphene oxide-polysulfone mixed matrix membrane(2013) Ganesh, B.M.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.Graphene oxide (GO) dispersed polysulfone (PSf) mixed matrix membranes were prepared by wet phase inversion method. The morphology of membranes was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The variation in hydrophilicity was studied by measuring surface wettability and water swelling experiments. The performance of membranes in terms of pure water flux and salt rejection was studied. SEM images depict enhanced macrovoids, while the contact angle data reveals that, GO incorporated membrane surface is moderately hydrophilic. Membranes exhibited improved salt rejection after GO doping. Membrane with 2000ppm GO loading has exhibited maximum of 72% Na2SO4 rejection at 4bar applied pressure. The salt rejection seems to depend on pH of the feed solution and it has been witnessed that the salt rejection showed an increasing trend with increase in the pH. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Permeation, Antifouling and desalination performance of TiO2 nanotube incorporated PSf/CS blend membranes(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; Ahmed, A.A.Polysulfone (PSf) and chitosan (CS) blend membranes were prepared by incorporating titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NT) in different compositions. The proper blending of PSf and CS in the PSf/CS/TiO2 membranes was confirmed by ATR-IR spectroscopy. The influence of nanotubes on morphology of membranes was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of nanotubes on hydrophilicity of the membranes was studied by water swelling and contact angle measurements. The distribution of TiO2NT on the membrane surface was determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis. The permeation property of PSf/CS/TiO2NT membranes was carried out by measuring the time dependent pure water flux (PWF). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein rejection studies were performed to know the antifouling properties. The rheological percolation threshold of PSf/CS/TiO2NT solutions was measured by viscosity studies. The nanotubes incorporated PSf/CS membranes showed enhanced permeation and antifouling properties compared to PSf/CS and nascent PSf ultrafiltration membranes. Membranes prepared well above rheological percolation threshold showed drastic reduction in pore size and acted as nanofiltration (NF) membranes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.