Faculty Publications
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Item Carbon-based nanocomposite membranes for water and wastewater purification(Elsevier, 2018) Gnani Peer Mohamed, G.P.S.; Isloor, A.M.; Yuliwati, E.; A.F., A.F.The carbon-based nanocomposite membranes are developing core technology for water and wastewater purification. These materials are broadly used in the fabrication of ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO) and evolving forward osmosis (FO) nanocomposite membranes as an additive. In this chapter, performance enhancement of nanocomposite membranes using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), especially in the field of desalination, dye removal, oil/water separation and natural organic matter removal, is discussed. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..Item Antibiofouling hollow-fiber membranes for dye rejection by embedding chitosan and silver-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(Springer Verlag, 2019) Kolangare, I.M.; Isloor, A.M.; Zulhairun, Z.A.; Kulal, A.; A.F., A.F.; Siddique, I.; Asiri, A.M.The removal of toxic dyes from the wastewater and industrial effluents is a major environmental challenge. Various techniques have been employed for the removal of dyes, including the application of nano-sized adsorbents, nanocomposite membranes and photodegradation. Membrane filtration is an alterntive but suffers from drawbacks such as fouling. Here we present a simple approach for the development of antibiofouling membranes based on chitosan. The application of chitosan-based nanoparticles as additives for wastewater treatment is poorly explored. The chitosan and silver-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by ionic gelation method and incorporated to fabricate hollow-fiber membranes by dry–wet spinning technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by morphological study, permeability test, antibiofouling study and dye rejection study. The nanocomposite hollow-fiber membranes displayed superior performance than their pristine form. The incorporation of 0.30 weight percent of the chitosan and silver-loaded chitosan nanoparticles into the hollow-fiber membranes enhanced the antifouling property with flux recovery ratio of 81.21 and 86.13%, respectively. The dye rejection results showed maximum rejection of 89.27 and 86.04% for Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Orange 16, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that hollow-fiber membranes with silver-loaded chitosan nanoparticles are pertinent in developing antibiofouling membranes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item The efficacy of Fe-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles as a supplement in polysulfone membranes for toxic dye removal(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024) Manikanta, P.; Naik, N.S.; Isloor, A.M.; Padaki, M.; Nagaraja, B.M.; Déon, S.ZrO2 nanoparticles fine-tuned with iron doping (5%Fe-ZrO2) were incorporated by the phase inversion method as a supplement in polysulfone (PSf) membrane medium for dye rejection. The prepared nanocomposite membranes were examined using a variety of characterisation techniques. The findings showed that adding 5%Fe-ZrO2 nanoparticles into the membrane matrix improved its permeability by reducing the contact angle and increasing hydrophilicity. The PSf nanocomposite membrane containing 1 wt% of 5%Fe-ZrO2 (M2) was found to exhibit a dye rejection efficiency of 99% for Eriochrome black-T (EBT) and 98% for Methylene blue (MB), with a flux of 10.2 ±1 LMH. The manufactured membranes can reject dyes and offer commendable productivity and selectivity, making them a popular choice for membrane applications. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical EngineersItem Efficient removal of hazardous dyes/heavy-metal ions by in-house fabricated poly (vinylidene fluoride) thin-film nanocomposite membranes with functionalized Zr-based metal-organic framework(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Prabhakar, N.; Isloor, A.M.; Farnood, R.; A.F., A.F.The need for effective solutions to address removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from water has driven significant interest in membrane science and separation technology. This work explores the potential of EDTA-modified MOF-808 as a novel additive to enhance the performance of PVDF supported TFC membranes. The innovation lies in aiming the unique properties of MOF and the chelating properties of EDTA in rejecting the target pollutants. The thin film nanocomposite membranes fabricated in this study with optimized MOF-EDTA loading demonstrated remarkable improvement in hydrophilicity, surface smoothness, porosity, and morphology as confirmed by water contact angle, atomic force microcopy, water uptake, and scanning electron microscopy. The optimized membrane with 0.1wt% MOF-808-EDTA exhibited a water flux of 37.36 Lm-2h-1, a 2.7-fold increment compared to the unmodified one. This was complemented by 98.6%, 91.48%, 88.7%, and 88.96% rejections in hazardous heavy metal ions namely lead, arsenite, cadmium and mercury respectively along with more than 95% rejections for 50ppm of sunset yellow and reactive black 5 dyes. The study also highlights the significant enhancement in antifouling properties with a reduction in irreversible fouling from 41.5% to 5.68% along with a flux rejection ratio of 94.3%. These findings underscore the potential of EDTA-modified MOF as an additive in enhancing the performance and durability of TFC membranes paving the way for efficient and sustainable water treatment. The current study explores an innovative approach for mitigating heavy metal ion and dye pollution in water via fabrication of. © 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Item A polysulfone/MIL-125(Ti) mixed matrix membrane for removing toxic dyes and heavy metals from water(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Shivarama, B.; Isloor, A.M.; Murthy, C.S.; Prabhu, B.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.In this work, a titanium-incorporated metal–organic framework nanoadditive was used to study its efficiency in removing heavy metals and dyes from contaminated water. The use of MIL-125 (Ti) nanoadditive-incorporated polysulfone membranes has been tested for the elimination of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead as well as synthetic dyes, such as reactive black-5 (RB-5) and reactive orange -16 (RO-16). The incorporation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into polysulfone matrices can increase the performance of the membrane for specific applications, such as dye removal and heavy metal rejection. The MIL-125 (Ti) is a well-known MOF with excellent chemical stability, large surface area, and adjustable pore size, making it suitable for membrane fabrication. This study fabricated membranes composed of MIL-125(Ti) and polysulfone (PSF) with MOF doses ranging from 0.5 to 3 wt %. Compared with the pristine PSF membrane, the pore-forming agent PVP was used at a 12% concentration, increasing the pore size and porosity. The hydrophilicity, water flux, and antifouling nature of the fabricated membrane were studied. The dye removal and heavy metal rejection experiments were carried out, and a dye removal efficiency of 90% for RB-5 and 47% for RO-16 was exhibited by the M-1 membrane. Furthermore, the M-2 membrane resulted in heavy metal rejection of 89.33% for Cd2+, and M-3 resulted in 68.81% for Pb2+ at a feed concentration of 500 ppm. Hence, the membranes showed good stability and efficiency with a high feed concentration of heavy metals. In the present study, metal ion rejection was studied without the use of any complexing agents. © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2025.Item Fabrication and incorporation of MIL-53(Fe)-zwitterionic brushes into PVDF thin film composite membranes for enhancing heavy metal/dye rejection from aqueous body(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Prabhakar, N.; Isloor, A.M.; Farnood, R.; Fauzi Ismail, A.The bioaccumulation of heavy metal ions is a serious concern for researchers. The dyes and heavy metal ions also aquatic life impacting the biodiversity adversely. Synthesis of novel MIL-53(Fe)-PSBMA particles, and its incorporation into PVDF-based thin-film composite membranes is the crux of this work. Firstly, H2N-MIL-53(Fe) was synthesized by metal displacement reaction which was then modified into MIL-53(Fe)-PSBMA brushes. The brushes were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization method. The amine groups of the NH2-MIL-53(Fe) help connecting the MOF to the polymeric moiety. The as-synthesized material and the fabricated TFCs were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, XPS, TGA, AFM, FE-SEM, zeta potential, and DLS particle sizer. The presence of sulphur groups on the XPS spectrum of modified MOF ensured the successful polymer grafting on it. Zwitterionic moieties have both positive and negative charges within a single molecule which gave a resultant zeta potential of ?13.1 mV for the brushes. A pure water flux of 26.32 Lm?2 h?1 and 97.33 %, 95.19 %, 82.06 %, and 78.47 % rejections for Pb2+, Hg2+, As3+, Cd2+ ions and 96.23 % and 94.04 % rejection for 100 ppm reactive black-5 and sunset yellow dyes respectively were obtained for the optimized membrane having 0.035 wt% loading of zwitterionic MOF. This result was attributed to the enhanced membrane hydrophilicity which was also correlated with contact angle and water uptake studies. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Item Sustainable waste water purification via integration of novel COF@UiO-66 dual-layer PVDF/PEI hollow fiber membranes(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Prabhakar, N.; Isloor, A.M.; Othman, M.H.D.; A.F., A.F.In the present study, dual-layer (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/ polyether imide (PEI) blend membranes were fabricated by coextrusion technique, with varying loadings (0–1.5 wt%) of covalent organic framework (COF) grafted UiO-66, for dye and heavy metal ion removal. UiO-66-NH2 was chosen for its excellent surface area and water stability, which can enhance the water permeability through the membrane without getting degraded over a period of time. The structures of the synthesized UiO-66-NH2 and COF@UiO-66 were confirmed by characterizations like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray Diffraction). The membrane fabricated with the synthesized additive in the outer layer, was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the surface topography and morphology. The incorporation of the additive significantly affected the hydrophilicity, porosity, and surface area of the membrane, resulting in improved permeability and rejection, along with imparting relatively good antifouling nature to the membrane. Membrane with outer dope flow rate of 2 mL/min and an optimized loading of the additive (1.0 wt.%) displayed a water permeability of 117.5 Lm?2 h?1 bar?1, whereas the neat membrane showed only 60 Lm?2 h?1 bar?1. The dyes, Congo red and reactive black-5, showed rejections of 99.1 %, and 97.96 % respectively. Whereas, the heavy metal ions mercury and lead showed 69.58 %, and > 99.9 % in the complexed state with humic acid for the optimized membrane, along with a bovine serum albumin (BSA) fouling rejection ratio of 74.22 %. Whereas the neat membrane without the MOF additive showed 89 %, 79 %, 75 %, and 43 % rejections for reactive black 5, congo red, lead, and mercury ions, respectively, with an FRR of only 57 %. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.