Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Supercapattery: An Electrochemical Energy Storage Device(wiley, 2023) Mascarenhas, F.J.; Hegde, S.S.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.The emission of greenhouse gases into the environment due to the use of non-renewable energy sources has become one of the biggest challenges to the world research community. Hence, there is a necessity for the evolution of clean energy sources since the energy demand has exponentially increased globally because of the expansion in the world’s population leading to modernization. Therefore, a substantial amount of research is being implemented to efficiently convert renewable energy and capture it in energy storage devices. One of the gravitating energy storage devices is a supercapattery device made from the battery and capacitor-type electrode materials with tremendous specific energy and power. The current chapter outlines the development and various aspects of supercapattery devices, including the device’s working mechanism, the materials used, the recent advancement, challenges, and future perspectives. © 2023 Scrivener Publishing LLC.Item Solid Waste-Derived Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors(wiley, 2023) Hegde, S.S.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.An exponential increase in the atmospheric temperature, destructive environmental effects, and the unreplenishable nature of energy supplies have sparked universal attention to the need to find alternative energy sources, value-added chemical products, and fuel. Biomass-derived material has emerged as a fantastic alternative in this regard. These biomasses contain carbon as a skeletal backbone, allowing science and technology to function to a higher degree. Numerous naturally abundant environmental and agro-wastes have been researched to manufacture porous carbon for supercapacitor electrodes because of their ready availability, outstanding performance, and easy processing techniques. This chapter discusses various environmental waste-derived carbon nanomaterials and general preparation methods, activation processes, recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives. © 2023 Scrivener Publishing LLC.Item Infections, Symptoms, and Clinical Diagnostic Techniques for Dengue: A Case Study of a Neglected Tropical Disease(wiley, 2025) Hegde, S.S.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are "chronic endemic tropical illnesses" that have been "ignored in the community health domain" and mainly impact "impoverished and marginalized people." These infectious illnesses are common in areas with limited access to healthcare and can be lethal despite the current therapies. Owing to the high rates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality associated with NTDs worldwide, the effects of these illnesses and treatment options have received much attention. Despite several attempts to create successful and secure medications, treat outpatients, and eradicate vectors, proper and timely diagnosis is the first step in expediting treatment. Some diseases can be easily detected by specimen identification or examination of physically visible symptoms, but early detection and asymptomatic disorders are sometimes difficult to identify. Infections, symptoms, and major conventional electrochemical diagnostic techniques, such as biosensors that are used to detect dengue fever and disease prevention methods, are discussed in this chapter. © 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.Item Conjugate heat transfer in a Hexagonal micro channel using hybrid nano fluids(American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Narendran, N.; Gnanasekaran, N.Research is being focused on the use of micro channels with nano fluids as the heat sinks. This requires fundamental understanding of the heat transfer phenomenon in micro channels. The objective of this paper is to present results from a numerical study on laminar forced convection in a Hexagonal Micro Channel (HMC) heat sink. In particular, the numerical study is carried out using a single phase model. The fluid considered is Alumina-Copper hybrid Nano fluid. The performance of Al2O3+Cu+water is compared with Al2O3+water nano fluid and pure water with different volume fractions. The solid region of the channel is assumed as aluminum with a hydraulic diameter of 175μm. The solid and fluid regions of the micro channel are discretized using finite volume method by combining Navier Stokes equation and energy equation for conjugate heat transfer. The thermo physical properties for alumina nanoparticles are calculated by considering it as a spherical particle of 45nm diameter. The effect of surface roughness on convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop for the case of nano fluids is also considered. The analysis is further extended by adding pulsating input and by varying the velocity sinusoidally. The Brownian motion of nano particles is increased to study the efficiency of the heat sink. This ensures all the nano particles are in suspension and the randomness increases the micro convection in the fluid. Incorporating the pulsating flow increases the dispersion of the heat in the nano fluid at a faster rate and also decreases particle settlement in laminar flow. The combined effect of surface roughness and pulsating flow accounts for the change in the velocity profile and thermal boundary layer of the channel. Also the effect of surface roughness ranging from 0.2-0.6 is attempted and the variations in pressure drop, Nusselt number, and heat transfer coefficient are studied. The influence of hexagonal geometry and its interaction with alumina nano fluids is intensively studied by evaluating a three dimensional conjugate heat transfer model. The effect of side wall angle of 45°, 50° and 55° are computed to relate the velocity function with pressure drop, surface roughness and local heat transfer coefficient. The variation of Nusselt number with very low volume fraction of nano particles with a minimal amount of pressure drop is also presented. © 2016 ASME.Item Development of a chassis mounted multi stage axial flow turbine for wind energy harvesting on a cruising transport vehicle - A CFD based approach(American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Thamban, A.; Ahmed, A.; Upadhyay, M.; Mahalingam, A.Fossil fuels have been a means of energy source since a long time, and have tended to the needs of the large global population. These conventional sources are bound to deplete in the near future and hence there is a need for producing energy from renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, tidal etc. Technologies involving renewable energy are a growing subject of concern. Further, the problem is also one of excessive pollution caused by conventional sources of energy and their impact on the environment. In particular, one of the main sources of pollution is harmful gases emitting out of automobiles. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which is implemented in large scale energy production to supplement growing domestic energy needs. Significant amount of research has been done in this field to harness energy to power household and other amenities using wind farms. The aim of this project is to come up with a low cost solution for wind energy harvesting on moving vehicles. The purpose of this study is to consider the use of wind energy along with conventional energy sources to power automobiles. This would help reduce the use of fossil fuels in automobiles and hence reduce the resulting environmental pollution. Also since the turbine adds to the weight of the vehicle the aim also is to minimize the weight of the turbine. Extensive structural analysis is done for this purpose to choose a material which would be both light weight and also be able to withstand the stresses developed. In the current paper the drag force produced in automobiles is harvested by using a convergent divergent nozzle mounted below the chassis of the car. Initially drag analysis is done in order to determine the increase in drag force produced after mounting of the nozzle. It is found from existing literature that the drag increases by 3.4% after the mounting of the nozzle making it possible the mounting of a nozzle beneath the car. Additionally exhaust gases is also allowed to pass through the same duct to increase the mass flow to the turbine and thus generate more energy. This is made to strike the blades of a 2 stage axial flow turbine whose rotation generates energy. The power output from the turbine is the parameter of interest. This energy can also be stored in batteries and be used to run auxiliary equipment of the automobile including the air conditioner. The exhaust gases will be passed through a catalytic converter before striking the blades of the turbine in order to prevent corrosion of the blades. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to validate the concept and also come up with a design that maximizes energy generation by such turbines. Numerical results obtained by simulation are validated by theoretical calculation based on turbines inlet and outlet velocity triangles. The future scope of the project would include the use of multiple nozzles in order to study its performance. © Copyright 2016 by ASME.Item Highway mounted horizontal axial flow turbines for wind energy harvesting from cruising vehicles(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Thamban, A.; Bhai, S.P.M.; Ahmed, A.; Upadhyay, M.; Joishy, A.; Mahalingam, A.Renewable energy technologies are a growing subject of concern these days. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which has been implemented in a large scale for energy production. A large amount of capital has been invested in this field to harness energy and power homes. Wind energy from highways is usually unused and can provide a considerable amount of wind energy to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic and the speed of the vehicles. Extensive research on wind patterns is required to determine the average velocity of the wind created by oncoming vehicles. The objective of this work is to design and analyze a horizontal axis wind turbine to capture wind energy from moving vehicles on the highway. A computational fluid dynamics approach is used to solve this problem. The major innovation in this paper is that wind energy is being harvested in a very unique manner and also turbine power calculations have been done to quantify the amount of energy being harvested. Although a few of the literatures have discussed similar ideas power quantification has never been done. Also the entire mechanism has been simulated in MATLAB to find out the number of cars required to charge a battery which is very unique to this paper. Power calculations have been done for the turbine and validated against theoretical calculations which were done using the concept of velocity triangles. The idea is to have a separate mounting for cars and heavy vehicles which can be realized by having separate lanes on highways. The analysis will be done for vehicles moving in a range of speeds on the highway. The wind turbines will be placed on overhead shafts (the height of which is be determined suitably) thereby capturing the wind generated as a result of pressure difference. The mounts can also be used as signboards for vehicles moving on the highway and hence serve a dual purpose. In addition, extensive structural and fatigue analysis will be done for the turbines and the mounting structures in order to determine a suitable material for the turbine as well as the mounts to withstand the forces generated. Using all of the collected energy, existing amenities such as street lights on the medians can be powered by these wind turbines. Thus the main objective of this work is to complement the conventional electrical energy used for powering amenities along highways by a renewable source of energy (wind power) thereby leading to the concept of sustainable highways. © © 2016 by ASME.Item Chassis mounted single stage impulse turbine for wind energy harvesting on a cruising transport vehicle(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Thamban, A.; Ahmed, A.; Arun, M.Fossil fuels have been a means of energy source since a long time, and have tended to the needs of the large global population. These conventional sources are bound to deplete in the near future and hence there is a need for producing energy from renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, tidal etc. Technologies involving renewable energy are a growing subject of concern. The problem is the excessive pollution caused by conventional sources of energy and their impact on the environment. In particular, one of the main sources of pollution is harmful gases emitting out of automobiles. Wind energy is one among the renewable energy sources which is implemented in large scale energy production. A large amount of research has been done in this field to harness energy and power houses and other amenities are nearby wind farms. The purpose of this study is to consider the use of wind energy along with conventional energy sources to power automobiles. Specifically the concept of an impulse turbine mounted on the chassis of a typical vehicle structure is considered. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to validate the concept and also come up with a design that maximizes energy generation by such turbines. © 2015 IEEE.Item Simulation of Hemodynamics Phenomenon Using Computational Fluid Dynamics for Enhanced Diagnostics and Prognosis(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Deb, A.; Nagesh, S.Computational bio-mechanics is developing rapidly as a non-invasive tool to assist the medical fraternity to help both diagnosis and prognosis of human body related issues such as injuries, cardio-vascular dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque etc. Any system that would help either assist diagnosis prognosis would be a boon to the doctors and medical society in general. Some work also has been done in the area related to the use of computational fluid mechanics to understand the flow of blood through the human body, an area of hemodynamics. Since cardio-vascular diseases are one of the main causes of loss of life, understanding of the blood flow with and without constraints (such as blockages), providing alternate methods of prognosis and further solutions to take care of issues related to blood flow would help save valuable life of such patients. This work attempts to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to solve specific problems related to hemodynamics. In particular mathematical modeling of the blood flow in arteries in the presence of successive blockages has been analyzed using CFD. Also considered is the effect of increase in Reynolds number on wall shear stress values. Also, the concept of fluid structure interaction has been used during analysis. © 2015 IEEE.Item Computational fluid dynamic approach to understand the effect of increasing blockage on wall shear stress and region of rupture in arteries blocked by arthesclerotic plaque(UK Simulation Society Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS, 2016) Hegde, S.S.; Deb, A.; Nagesh, S.Computational bio-mechanics is developing rapidly as a non-invasive tool to assist the medical fraternity to help in both diagnosis and prognosis of human body related issues such as injuries, cardio-vascular dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque etc. Any system that would help either properly diagnose such problems or assist prognosis would be a boon to the doctors and medical society in general. This project is an attempt to use numerical analysis techniques; in particular, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to solve hemodynamics related problems. The mathematical modeling of the blood flow in arteries in the presence of successive blockages has been analyzed using CFD technique. Different cases of blockages in terms of percentages have been modeled to study the effect of blockage on wall shear stress values and also the effect of increase in Reynolds number on wall shear stress values. The concept of fluid structure interaction (FSI) has been used to study the effect of increasing von Mises stress on arteries and to determine the region of rupture in arteries. The simulation results are validated using in vivo measurement data from existing literature. © 2016, UK Simulation Society. All rights reserved.Item Dengue detection: Advances and challenges in diagnostic technology(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Hegde, S.S.; Badekai Ramachandra, B.R.Virus-borne infectious illnesses may quickly escalate into unpleasant pandemics, wreaking havoc on the global populace and disrupting daily life. As a result, these factors influence the global economy, resulting in joblessness, physical, psychological, emotional stress, and posing a threat to human life. Dengue disease is known as one of the most dangerous illnesses for humans. A DENV infection may have no symptoms or symptoms that are similar to those of other viral infections. As a result, early detection of this virus infection is more important to track disease spread and protect society from its harmful effects. This article provides an overview of dengue disease, the working principles, the significance of the various conventional and biosensor detection strategies, the benefits and problematic conditions of the reported methods. The present hurdles of transferring laboratory research into real-world technological implementations and the future possibilities for detecting devices for viral diagnosis are highlighted in this study. © 2021 The Author(s)
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