Faculty Publications
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Item Efficient Lubricity Improvers Derived from Methyl Oleate for Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD)(Pleiades Publishing, 2022) Sruthi, H.; Udayakumar, D.U.; Hegde, P.; Manjunatha, M.G.; Nandakumar, V.Abstract: A new series of lubricity improvers for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) was synthesized starting from methyl oleate through simple chemical reactions. In the first step methyl oleate was epoxidized using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide mixture. Then the epoxide was subjected to esterification using different long chain (C4–C18 alkyl groups) organic acids to get the final diesters. The lubricating property of the newly synthesized diesters was studied by dosing them to ULSD at 300 ppm (wt/vol) concentration. Amongst them, diester LAMOSA derived from stearic acid showed the best lubrication enhancing property at 300 ppm dosage level. The SEM and EDS spectra of the HFRR (high frequency reciprocating rig) specimen also confirms the formation of metal-oxygen interaction supporting the friction reducing properties of LAMOSA. The study reveals that the newly synthesized methyl oleate derived diesters are promising materials as lubricity additives for ULSD. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Item Transformation of refinery cracked naphtha stream into efficient lubricity improvers for ULSD(Springer, 2022) Sruthi, H.; Udayakumar, D.U.; Hegde, P.; Manjunatha, M.G.; Karthick, R.; Nandakumar, V.A new route for the conversion of refinery light cracked naphtha (LCN) stream into lubricity improvers for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) was developed through a simple chemical process involving olefin epoxidation and esterification reactions. Two different methods viz., H2O2/glacial acetic acid and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), were found to be suitable for the epoxidation of LCN. The LCN epoxide was subjected to an esterification reaction via epoxide ring opening using different long chain (C4 - C18 alkyl groups) organic acids to get the hydroxy ester derivatives of LCN. The lubricating property of the newly synthesized hydroxy esters was studied by dosing them with ULSD at 300 and 150 ppm (wt/vol) concentrations. Amongst them, LCN hydroxy ester derived from stearic acid showed the best lubrication-enhancing property at both dosage levels. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and energy dispersive spectra (EDS) of the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) specimen support the lubricating action of the LCN esters through the formation of a protective layer between the metallic surfaces. The synergy of simple chemical processes and efficient lubricity action makes these LCN esters as promising materials for low-cost and scalable additives for ULSD. Graphical abstract: The olefin-rich light cracked naphtha obtained from the fluidized catalytic cracker unit of the oil refinery was converted into hydroxy esters through an epoxidation reaction followed by the esterification with different carboxylic acids. The hydroxy esters at low dosage levels (150/300 ppm) enhance the lubricating property of ultra-low sulfur diesel. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2022, Indian Academy of Sciences.Item Fatty acid, fatty alcohol and acrylate derivatives as friction depressive additives for ultra-low sulphur diesel(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Sruthi, H.; Udayakumar, D.; Hegde, P.; Manjunatha, M.G.Herein we report the synthesis of some fatty acid, fatty alcohol and acrylate derivatives as friction depressive additives for ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD). The high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) was employed to measure the wear scar diameter (WSD) of the samples. The lubricating property of the newly synthesized samples [2a, (4a-c) and (5a-c)] was studied by dosing them to ULSD at 200 ppm (wt/vol) concentrations. Amongst them, ester derived from OLA/Polyol (4c) showed the best lubrication enhancing property (WSD 328 µm) at 200 ppm(wt/vol) dosage level. Interestingly, it maintains lubricity characteristics even at a lower blending concentration of 100 ppm with a WSD value (446 µm) lower than the than the accepted value (460 µm). Notably, additives containing polar functional groups and long non-polar carbon backbone exhibited significant lubricity properties with low WSD values. Moreover, it possesses long term antiwear stability when blended with the diesel fuel and do not alter or negatively influence the physical and chemical parameters of the diesel. The FESEM and EDS analysis revealed the formation of thin defensive layer of the additive between the moving metal surfaces supporting the friction reducing properties of the additives. © 2023