Faculty Publications
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Item Role of graphene quantum dots synthesized through pyrolysis in the release behavior of temperature responsive poly (N,N-diethyl acrylamide) hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2018) Havanur, S.; JagadeeshBabu, P.E.We have reported the synthesis and characterization of new drug carrier using Poly (N,N-diethyl acrylamide) (PDEA) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). PDEA is a stimuli-responsive, macroporous polymer which has the ability to respond to change in surrounding temperature and addition of GQDs will help in improving the inherent characteristics of PDEA. In this research work, PDEA hydrogels along with GQDs have been synthesized by free radical polymerization. The effect of various concentrations of GQDs on the property of PDEA hydrogel was studied. The structural analysis of synthesized hydrogels was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR). The internal surface morphology of porous hydrogels was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. From the analysis, it has been observed that the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) and reswelling kinetics of the hydrogel significantly increased as the GQDs content was varied. The cancer drug (an anthracycline that is used for cancer chemotherapy) Doxorubicin (DOX) release behavior was studied and found that the performance of hydrogel is dependent on hydrogel composition, time, and surrounding temperature. The cytotoxicity of GQDs incorporated PDEA hydrogels gave a significant report which supports the potential application of hydrogel as an intelligent drug carrier. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Synthesis and optimization of poly (N,N-diethylacrylamide) hydrogel and evaluation of its anticancer drug doxorubicin’s release behavior(Springer London, 2019) Havanur, S.; Farheenand, V.; JagadeeshBabu, P.E.A macroporous temperature-responsive poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) hydrogel was synthesized and optimized through free radical polymerization. The optimized hydrogel was achieved by evaluating the swelling characteristics, physical stability and mechanical strength through altering the components namely concentration of N,N-diethylacrylamide (monomer), ammonium peroxodisulfate (initiator), N,N?-methylbisacrylamide (cross-linker) and N,N,N?,N?-tetramethylethylenediamine (accelerator). The equilibrium swelling behavior was performed gravimetrically, and the PDEA hydrogel synthesized at 36 °C exhibited a maximum swelling of 18.332 g.g ?1 . Also, the LCST of the prepared PDEA hydrogel was found to be around 29 °C. However, the results of time-controlled swelling and deswelling kinetics indicated that hydrogels are temperature sensitive. Further, characterization of the hydrogel was performed using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrogel was assessed for its cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cell line by MTT assay. The release behavior of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), a hydroxyl derivative of anthracycline, was studied at above and below the LCST temperature. It was found that the DOX release from the DOX-loaded hydrogels was significantly improved when the surrounding temperature of the release media was increased near to physiological temperature. The cumulative release profile of hydrogel at different temperatures was fitted to different kinetic model equations and non-Fickian diffusion release mechanism was revealed. These results suggest that PDEA has a potential application as an intelligent drug carrier. © 2018, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute.Item Poly(N,N-diethyl acrylamide)/functionalized graphene quantum dots hydrogels loaded with doxorubicin as a nano-drug carrier for metastatic lung cancer in mice(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Havanur, S.; Batish, I.; Cheruku, S.P.; Gourishetti, K.; JagadeeshBabu, J.; Kumar, N.Cancer has emanated as a daunting menace to human-kind even though medicine, science, and technology has reached its zenith. Subsequent scarcity in the revelation of new drugs, the exigency of salvaging formerly discovered toxic drugs such as doxorubicin has emerged. The invention of drug carrier has made drug delivery imminent which is ascribable to its characteristic traits of specific targeting, effective response to stimuli and biocompatibility. In this paper, the nanoscale polymeric drug carrier poly(N,N-diethyl acrylamide) nanohydrogel has been synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization. Lower critical solution temperature of the polymeric carrier has been modified using graphene quantum. The particle size of pure nanohydrogel was in the range of 47 to 59.5 nm, and graphene quantum dots incorporated nanohydrogels was in the range of 68.1 to 87.5 nm. Doxorubicin (hydroxyl derivative of anthracycline) release behavior as a function of time and temperature was analyzed, and the Lower critical solution temperature of the synthesized nanohydrogels has been found to be in the range of 28–42 °C. Doxorubicin release characteristics have improved significantly as the surrounding temperature of the release media was increased near to physiological temperature. Further, the cumulative release profile was fitted in the different kinetic model and found to follow a Fickian diffusion release mechanism. The hydrogel was assessed for its cytotoxicity in B16F10 cells by MTT assay. In-vivo studies were done to study the lung metastasis by melanoma cancer and the results showed a rational favorable prognosis which was confirmed by evaluating hematological parameters and the non-immunogenic nature of nanohydrogel by cytokine assay. Comprehensively, the results suggested that poly(N,N-diethyl acrylamide) nanohydrogels have potential application as an intelligent drug carrier for melanoma cancer. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.