Faculty Publications
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Item Phase change materials in chemical and process engineering(Elsevier, 2023) Chavan, S.; Manickam, M.; Arumuga Perumal, A.P.; Gumtapure, V.This chapter is concerned with phase change materials in chemical and process engineering. Industrial waste heat recovery is explored as a source of heating and cooling with the application of phase change materials, which is well known. Consequently, heat transformation technologies are presented in detail along with their technical and economic potentials. Initially, utilization of phase change materials in process industries is discussed, which covers on-site and off-site industrial applications. The concept of on-site and off-site thermal energy utilization is well defined. The large amount of industrial waste heat is generated, which can be stored in the phase change materials, and it can be transported to the place where there is energy requirement in particular. Industries such as metal manufacturing, nonmetal manufacturing, chemicals and chemical products, pulp, and food processing industries are the main focuses of the present study. All the technical aspects are discussed in detail with respect to the future scope of phase change materials with thermal energy storage systems. Thermal energy utilization using phase change materials for chemical process industries also has great potentiality for various applications such as thermal fluid heating systems, gas-fired systems, and solar heating systems, which are also discussed. A comprehensive study has been carried out for potential usage of phase change materials for various manufacturing and process engineering applications. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Cooling packing and cold energy storage(Elsevier, 2023) Chavan, S.; Manickam, M.; Arumuga Perumal, A.P.; Gumtapure, V.This chapter is divided into two parts: first part discusses about cooling packing applications of phase change materials, and second part discusses about cold thermal energy storage application of PCM. Consequently, methods of thermal energy storage are briefly explained, specifically for cooling packing applications along with present challenges of the technology. The second part of the chapter discusses in brief about cold thermal energy storage specifically basic working principle, loading of cold thermal energy storage for operational purposes CTES in selecting and characterizing storage media, water versus ice thermal energy storage, PCM used for cold thermal storage, advantages, disadvantages, and finally, battery thermal management system in electric vehicle are discussed in brief with updated knowledge in the field of real-time application. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Thermodynamic analysis of organic Rankine cycle with Hydrofluoroethers as working fluids(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Upadhyaya, S.; Gumtapure, V.This paper presents the analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) such as HFE7000, HFE7100 and HFE7500 as working fluids under external conditions. HFE's has been chosen over chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC's) as it is environmentally friendly. Both the CFC's and the HCFC's possess ozone depletion potential (ODP), while the hydrofluorocarbons (HFC's) have relatively significant global warming potential (GWP). The HFE's that have excellent thermophysical properties and low toxicity can be recommended as a long term solution to the environmental issues. The HFE's have zero ODP and very low GWP compared to the CFC's, HCFC's and HFC's. A thermodynamic model has been developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software to simulate the system under steady state conditions. Parametric analysis is conducted to examine the effects of some thermodynamic parameters on the system performance using different working fluids. When turbine inlet temperature was varied from 70°C to 110 °C keeping condensation temperature fixed at 28 °C, HFE7000 produces the maximum thermodynamic efficiency and performs better in view of the net work output under the given working conditions. However, when evaporation pressure was kept constant at 1.2 bar and condensation temperature was varied from 20°C to 30 °C, HFE7500 produced the maximum efficiency of 12.3% in comparison with 7.6% for HFE7100 and 4.1% for HFE7000. The work demonstrates the use of hydrofluoroethers as working fluid in ORC. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Numerical Studies for Charging and Discharging Characteristics of Composite Phase Change Material in A Deep and Shallow Rectangular Enclosure(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Chavan, S.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.; Gumtapure, V.In this study, a numerical analysis of the melting process with natural convection in a rectangular enclosure has been performed using enthalpy porosity model. A Composite phase change material (Paraffin wax (98%) is used as base material and copper nanoparticles (2%) as additives) is used. The enclosure is heated from one side and opposite side is isothermal at 300 K, and remaining walls are thermally insulated. Melting heat transfer in a rectangular enclosure with different orientations are investigated numerically. The flow field results in nonuniform melting of the composite phase change material (CPCM). The interface morphology is used to infer flow structure and the extent of two-dimensional energy transport. These flow patterns are found to be dependent on the orientation and the initial CPCM sub-cooling. The results reveal that the enclosure orientation has a significant effect on the formation of natural convection currents and consequently on the heat transfer rate and melting time of the CPCM. As the orientation changed from deep to shallow, the convection currents in the enclosure, increases and chaotic flow structure appear. Hence, it can be concluded that the heat transfer enhancement ratio for the deep enclosure is more than that of the shallow enclosure. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Effect of geometry on heating and cooling characteristics for thermal energy storage-A Computational Study(Toronto Metropolitan University, 2019) Chavan, S.; Gumtapure, V.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.In the present work an attempt is made to understand the effect of geometry on heating and cooling characteristics for thermal energy storage applications. Three different geometrical models (square, pentagon and hexagon) are selected and thermal storage material used is composite of paraffin wax (98%) and Al2O3 nanoparticles (2%) [1-2]. The heating and cooling processes are analyzed by applying constant heat flux and the boundary conditions imposed are: Heating cycle (i) Constant heat flux is applied to left wall (for square) and upper left wall (for pentagon and hexagon). Cooling cycle (ii) Constant heat rejection through right wall (for square) and lower right wall (pentagon and hexagon). (iii) Remaining all other walls are Insulated for both the cases. The geometrical 2-D model is created by using ICEMCFD16.0 pre-processing software of ANSYS 16.0 version, in order to interpret the superior results good quality mesh is generated all over the computational domain. At the boundaries, the mesh size is reduced and made a uniform to response imposition of inputs and resolve the boundary layer conflicts. In order to reduce the computational time, relatively larger mesh is maintained at the center part of the domain. To investigate the problem Fluent 16.0 is used and concerned parameters are defined, boundary conditions are imposed and temperature dependent user-defined functions (UDF) are interpreted. The numerical investigation aims to understand the effect of geometry on heating and cooling characteristics using composite phase change material. The streamline patterns, liquid fractions and temperature distribution profiles are analyzed and among the models square and hexagonal model shown quicker melting (completed melting within 4000 sec). The liquid fraction variation is also similar and uniform, the temperature variation during complete melting process is least in square model followed by pentagonal model. However, liquid fraction variation is least in pentagonal model. Temperature variation during heating is maximum in case of hexagonal model (14%) increase in temperature. Liquid fraction variation is uniform and smooth in hexagonal model and consumed 50% less time than pentagonal model. The cooling cycle analysis also explored some interesting results, cooling rate is very quick in square model but for optimal thermal storage unit heat rejection process should not be too steep. Pentagonal model shown insignificant characteristics during both heating and cooling processes. The hexagonal model exhibited uniform and gradual variation in liquid fraction as well as temperature variation during the process. For ideal thermal storage device quicker heating is expected and heat rejection should be gradual and relatively slower (specially for long term storage applications). Among all the cases if only heating is required then square model will be the best selection but to achieve optimal heating and cooling hexagonal model will be the best option. © 2019, Toronto Metropolitan University. All rights reserved.Item Preparation and characterization of nanoparticle blended polymers for thermal energy storage applications(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2019) Chavan, S.; Gumtapure, V.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.This paper is concerned with the comprehensive procedure of preparing, morphological characterization and thermal property evaluation of nanoparticle blended polymer composites. Polymer composites are intended to consecrate the thermal energy storage applications. Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is incorporated with functionalized graphene with different concentrations (1, 3 and 5%). The morphological study revealed compatibility of polymer composites, at lower concentrations (1-3%,) it shows homogenous dispersion, but above threshold limit the particle distribution is non-homogenous with coarse surface structures. Higher concentration (5%) of nanoparticles emulsifies the molecules and generates micelles between themselves. The thermal conductivity of the polymer composite is significantly enhanced with the reduction of specific heat. At lower concentrations polymer exhibits homogeneous dispersion and the interfacial interaction is comparatively higher, optimal concentration (3%,) of nanoparticle provides favorable results and hence polymer composites with ideal concentration can be utilized for thermal energy storage applications. © 2018 Author(s).Item A comparative study of stanley, lqr and mpc controllers for path tracking application (adas/ad)(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Vivek, K.V.; Sheta, M.A.; Gumtapure, V.This paper presents comparative study between Stanley, LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) and MPC (Model Predictive Controller) controllers for path tracking application, which is a level 4 automation feature under ADAS/AD (Advanced Driver Assistance System/Autonomous Driving). The accuracy associated with all the controllers are compared by making the vehicle model run in a prescribed environment. The initial designs are done in MATLAB environment and later they are interfaced with IPG CarMaker vehicle simulation tool for fine tuning. Stanley controller is more of an intuitive steering control law where as LQR and MPC are more advanced optimal controllers. The control actions are calculated by optimising the states of the model. Kinematic vehicle model is used with states as errors and a comparator design is made to find the deviation of the vehicle from the prescribed path. The paper gives a detailed idea about the controllers regarding its use, advantages and limitations in this application. © 2019 IEEE.Item Preparation of functionalized graphene-linear low-density polyethylene composites by melt mixing method(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2020) Chavan, S.; Gumtapure, V.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.Graphene is attracting gigantic amount of scientific interest due to its excellent thermo-physical properties. Graphene integration improves the electrical and mechanical properties of polyethylene-based polymers. This paper is concerned with the comprehensive procedure of preparing, morphological characterization and thermal property evaluation of nanoparticle blended polymer composites. Polymer composites are intended to consecrate the thermal energy storage applications. Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is incorporated with functionalized graphene with different concentrations (1, 3 and 5%). The morphological study revealed compatibility of polymer composites, at lower concentrations (1-3%) it shows homogenous dispersion, but above threshold limit the particle distribution is non-homogenous with coarse surface structures. Higher concentration (5%) of nanoparticles emulsifies the molecules and generates micelles between themselves. The thermal conductivity of the polymer composite is significantly enhanced with the reduction of specific heat. At lower concentrations polymer exhibits homogeneous dispersion and the interfacial interaction is comparatively higher, optimal concentration (3%) of nanoparticle provides favorable results and hence polymer composites with ideal concentration can be utilized for thermal energy storage applications. © 2020 Author(s).Item Numerical Investigation of Polyethylene-Based Composite Phase Change Material in Cylindrical Shell and Coil Thermal Energy Storage(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Sheikh, M.I.A.R.; Ahammed, M.E.; Gumtapure, V.In the context of energy conversion systems, understanding the performance of thermal energy storage is crucial. Latent thermal energy storage (LTES) system is a prominent application of energy conversion system due to its high volumetric energy holding capacity. However, its performance is limited due to unfavorable thermophysical properties of phase change material (PCM). Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDP) is a justified potential PCM due to the huge waste recycled material piled up every year based on massive use of plastic products. Present numerical work explores performance enhancement of a shell and coil-based LTES system. The thermophysical properties of LLDP are improved by adding functionalized graphene in the proportion of 1%, 3% and 5% in the composition termed as CPCM1, CPCM2 and CPCM3, respectively. The results confirm that adding graphene decreases the charging time of LTES, maximum up to 40%, and the average temperature of PCM increases along with the concentration of graphene. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item A review on thermal energy storage using composite phase change materials(Bentham Science Publishers, 2018) Chavan, S.; Gumtapure, V.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.Background: This paper intends to provide the elementary understanding about the development of thermal energy storage systems. Reviews of storage system performance are carried out from various characterization studies, experimental work, numerical investigations and patents. Several techniques employed to enhance the thermal performance have been reviewed and discussed. Composite phase change materials are the best alternative to achieve the cost feasibility in thermal energy storage systems without compromising the storage capacity. Objective: The purpose of this study is to give an outline and history of the thermal energy storage systems and enlighten the techniques used for storage density enhancement without significant modifications in the design. Methods: In this study, three methods such as, characterization studies, experimental work, numerical investigations and patents. It also addresses many research articles and recent patents on the thermal storage systems, various techniques adopted and applications of such systems. Results: Composite phase change materials are the best alternative to achieve the cost feasibility in thermal energy storage systems without compromising the storage capacity. Carbon based nanoparticles show excellent properties in the composite phase change materials. Conclusion: Composite phase change materials have greater potential for thermal energy storage applications and especially carbon-based nanoparticles like graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, graphite, graphite oxide, extracted graphite etc., are greatly enhancing the thermo-physical properties of composite phase change materials. Combination of paraffin-based phase change materials and carbon-based nanoparticles can be used for the future thermal energy storage applications. © 2018 Bentham Science Publishers.