Faculty Publications
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Item Study of dynamic changes through geoinformatics technique: A case study of Karwar coast, west coast of India(Springer, 2019) Yadav, A.; Dodamani, B.M.; Dwarakish, G.S.Shoreline is one of the geo-indicators of the coastal zone. Coastal zone is subjected to threats due to change in shoreline. Shoreline change leads to modification and causes for damages of properties, infrastructure around the shoreline region. These modifications, changes of land expands too many issues of the environment under the coastal zone. The present study was carried out by employing remote sensing and GIS techniques for the coastal regime of Karwar, India. LANDSAT-8 remote sensing data was integrated with the GPS data collected during the field survey. The satellite data is processed and analyzed using ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 tool and ArcGIS 10.3 tool, respectively. High Water Line (HWL) is considered for the extraction of shoreline. The visual interpretation of satellite imageries is carried out to distinguish the HWL. Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) was evaluated by adopting Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool. Statistical methods such as Weighted Linear Regression (WLR), Linear Regression Rate (LRR) and End Point Rate (EPR) were used to estimate the changes of shoreline. The present study reveals that shorelines of Karwar Coast, Ravindranath Taghore beach experiences an average erosion rate is −4.61 m/year (EPR), −1.49 m/year (LRR), and 0.19 (WLR) and Devbagh beach experiences an average erosion rate is −9.74 m/year (EPR), −7.53 m/year (LRR), and −11.55 m/year (WLR). © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Item Integrated coastal zone management plan and coastal zone information system for Mangalore Coast, West Coast of India(2006) Dwarakish, G.S.; Shetty, D.; Rajarama; Pai, J.; Natesan, U.In the present study, Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP) has been developed for Mangalore Coast in Karnataka, along the West Coast of India, by analyzing the remotely sensed data and conventional data. The various data products used in the present study includes, IRS-1C LISS-III+PAN and IRS-P6 LISS IV remotely sensed data, Naval Hydrographic Chart and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets. Different thematic maps prepared in the present study includes, land use/ land cover map, bathymetry map, shoreline configuration map, transportation and drainage network maps, GPS survey map, CRZ map, contour map, DEM, inundation map and coastal erosion vulnerability map. The results of the present study are encouraging. Some of the specific conclusions of the study are; eight coastal vulnerability sites have been identified, significant increase in the built-up area and decrease in the agricultural land, no large scale erosion or deposition in the vicinity of coastal structures such as seawalls, breakwaters and entrance channel of New Mangalore Port Trust and the beaches along the Mangalore Coast are maintaining dynamic equilibrium. To get the online information about all these, Coastal Zone Information System (CZIS) has been developed through V. B. 6. 0. using results of various data analyses.Item Integrated coastal zone management plan for udupi coast using RS, GIS and GPS(2007) Dwarakish, G.S.; Vinay, S.A.; Dinakar, S.M.; Pai, J.; Mahaganesha, K.; Natesan, U.Coastal areas are under great pressure due to increase in human population and industrialization/commercialization and hence these areas are vulnerable to environmental degradation, resource reduction and user conflicts. In the present study an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP) has been developed for Udupi Coast in Karnataka, along West Coast of India. The various data products used in the present study includes IRS-IC LISS-III + PAN and IRS-P6 LISS III remotely sensed data, Naval Hydrographic Charts and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets, in addition to ground truth data. Thematic maps such as land use/ land cover map, bathymetry map, shoreline configuration map, transportation and drainage network maps, GPS survey map, CRZ map, contour map, DEM, inundation map, critical erosion area map were prepared. A Coastal Vulnerability Index has also been calculated for the study area to know the resistance of study area to sea level rise and is demarcated into four categories; Very high, High, Moderate and Low vulnerability, and a vulnerability map has been prepared. The results of the present study are encouraging. Some of the specific conclusions of the study are; about 50% study area is prone to erosion, river mouths along study area show shifting tendency towards south, and the beaches along the Udupi Coast are maintaining dynamic equilibrium. Coastal Zone Information System (CZIS) has been developed through V.B.6.0 using results of various data analysis.Item Erosion and Accretion in the Netravati River Stretch: Spatiotemporal Analysis Using Geospatial Approach(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Makhdumi, W.; Shwetha, H.R.; Dwarakish, G.S.Understanding erosion and accretion, which are critical geomorphic processes, is essential for effective river management and conservation. Erosion by removing soil and rock changes the river's shape, depth, and course. Accretion, conversely, involves the deposition and accumulation of sediment, shaping features like riverbanks and floodplains. Focused on a 30 km stretch of the Netravati River, in the southwestern region of India, this study used Survey of India toposheets and Landsat images to track changes over time (1973, 1998, 2022). The Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) and image classification were employed for the analysis which revealed notable spatiotemporal variations in these processes. From 1973 to 2022, the analysis estimated a total erosion of 510.43 hectares and an accretion of 317.71 hectares. The years 1973–1998 witnessed more accretion (417.6 hectares) than erosion (229.08 hectares). And, from 1998 to 2022, erosion dominated at 438.37 hectares, with only 56.97 hectares of accretion. These variations can be attributed to both natural processes and human interventions. Notably, the construction of a vented dam in 1993 at Thumbe, followed by the subsequent dam in 2016, 50 m downstream of the old dam, influenced the sediment dynamics and flow patterns in the Netravati River, potentially impacting erosion and accretion processes. This research adds to our understanding of erosion and sediment changes in the Netravati River over time. The dams and hydraulic structure upstream along with geospatial techniques offer researchers and river managers a unique opportunity to examine river shape impacts and thus develop sustainable strategies for river preservation. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Item Analysis of Land Use Land Cover Change Detection Using Remotely Sensed Data for Kali River Basin(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Sreejith, K.S.; Kumar, G.P.; Dwarakish, G.S.For the last two centuries, the Earth's land cover has undergone fast change, and all indications indicate that this trend will continue. This shift is being driven by economic development and population expansion. For the management of natural resources and the observation of environmental changes, land use and land cover (LULC) change has become a key element. Natural landscapes have undergone significant change as a result of anthropogenic activity, particularly in areas where population increase and climate change have a significant impact. To effectively manage the environment, especially water management, it is essential to understand how trends in land use and land cover (LULC) change. This study used remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) to examine changes in LULC patterns during a 20-year period in the Kali River Basin. LULC changes were mapped using multitemporal Landsat series satellite images. Landsat-5 image of 2002 and Landsat-8 image of 2022 were obtained for the purpose of the study. Maximum likely hood algorithm was used to detect areas of change with supervised classification, performed in ERDAS Imagine 2014 and took minimum of 100 samples and maximum of 250 samples of ground truth data for each class. The supervised classification produced good results with overall accuracies of 91.58% and 89.47% for the 2002 and 2022, respectively. The results of the change detection analysis conducted between 2002 and 2022 demonstrate the extent of LULC changes that have taken place in various LULC classes, while the majority of the river basin's grassland, barren land, and open forest have undergone intensive conversion to cultivated land and built-up areas. These modifications show that population growth was responsible for the rise in cultivated land and built-up areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Item Application of soft computing techniques in coastal study – A review(Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2016) Dwarakish, G.S.; Nithyapriya, B.Coastal zone is the triple interface of air, water and land and it is so dynamic in nature which requires expeditious management for its protection. Impulsive change in shoreline and submergence of low lying areas due to sea level rise are the solemn issues that need to be addressed. Indian coastline of about 7516 km is under threat due to global warming and related human interventions. Remote sensing data products provide synoptic and repetitive view of the earth in various spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric resolutions. Hence, it can be used in monitoring coastal areas on a temporal scale. Critical Erosion hotspots have to be given proper protection measures to avoid further damages. Satellite images serve in delineating shoreline and extracting the hotspots to plan the mitigation works. Coastal inundation maps can be created using remote sensing and geospatial technologies by assuming different sea level rises. Those maps can serve as a base for planning management activities. Soft computing techniques like Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine are upcoming soft computing algorithms that find its application in classification, regression, pattern recognition, etc., across multi-disciplinary sciences. They can be used in classifying remote sensing images which in turn can be used for studying the coastal vulnerability. The present paper reviews the works carried out for coastal study using conventional remote sensing techniques and the pertinency of soft computing techniques for the same. © 2016 Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityItem Use of geoinformatics and geophysical applications in landslide studies: An overview(World Research Association Vijay Nagar A.B. Road Indore 452 010, 2019) Thejashree, G.; Lokesh, K.N.; Dwarakish, G.S.Landslide is one of the hazardous geological phenomena which is gaining attention worldwide because of destruction caused by it. Due to the drastic increase in urbanization and human intervention in hilly regions, the destruction caused by mass wasting is increasing day by day. Landslides are far from the control of humans. But the destruction and losses caused by these calamites can be minimized, if their occurrence is known before time. This review paper aims at discussing how remote sensing, GIS and geophysical techniques can be utilized for investigation of landslides and mapping of landslide susceptible areas. Geophysical techniques can provide important information on physical characteristics linked with landslide mechanism. Complementarily, remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques play an important role in the generation of thematic layers related to landslide occurrences which aid to produce susceptible, hazard zonation and landslide inventory maps. Such integrated approach on landslides studies can bring about better understanding and help to take up mitigation measures to reduce the landslide hazards. © 2019, World Research Association. All rights reserved.Item Integrated coastal zone management plan for Udupi coast using remote sensing, geographical information system and global position system(SPIE spie@spie.org, 2008) Dwarakish, G.S.; Vinay, S.A.; Dinakar, S.M.; Pai, B.J.; Mahaganesha, K.; Natesan, U.Coastal areas are under great pressure due to increase in human population and industrialization/commercialization and hence these areas are vulnerable to environmental degradation, resource reduction and user conflicts. In the present study an Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP) has been developed for Udupi Coast in Karnataka, along West Coast of India. The various data products used in the present study includes IRS-1C LISS-III + PAN and IRS-P6 LISS III remotely sensed data, Naval Hydrographic Charts and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets, in addition to ground truth data. Thematic maps such as land use/ land cover map, bathymetry map, shoreline configuration map, transportation and drainage network maps, GPS survey map, CRZ map, contour map, DEM, inundation map, critical erosion area map were prepared. A Coastal Vulnerability Index has also been calculated for the study area to know the resistance of study area to sea level rise and is demarcated into four categories; Very high, High, Moderate and Low vulnerability, and a vulnerability map has been prepared. The results of the present study are encouraging. Some of the specific conclusions of the study are; about 50% study area is prone to erosion, river mouths along study area show shifting tendency towards south, and the beaches along the Udupi Coast are maintaining dynamic equilibrium. Coastal Zone Information System (CZIS) has been developed through V.B.6.0 using results of various data analysis. © 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.Item Coastal vulnerability assessment of the future sea level rise in Udupi coastal zone of Karnataka state, west coast of India(2009) Dwarakish, G.S.; Vinay, S.A.; Natesan, U.; Asano, T.; Kakinuma, T.; Venkataramana, K.; Pai, B.J.; Babita, M.K.Udupi coast in Karnataka state, along the west coast of India, selected as a study area, is well known for sandy beaches, aquaculture ponds, lush greenery, temples and major and minor industries. It lies between 13°00?00?-13°45?00? north latitudes and 74°47?30?-74°30?00? east longitudes, the length of the coastline is 95 km, and is oriented along the NNW-SSE direction. It is vulnerable to accelerated sea level rise (SLR) due to its low topography and its high ecological and touristy value. The present study has been carried out with a view to calculate the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) to know the high and low vulnerable areas and area of inundation due to future SLR, and land loss due to coastal erosion. Both conventional and remotely sensed data were used and analysed through the modelling technique and by using ERDAS Imagine and geographical information system software. The rate of erosion was 0.6018 km2/yr during 2000-2006 and around 46 km of the total 95 km stretch is under critical erosion. Out of the 95 km stretch coastline, 59% is at very high risk, 7% high, 4% moderate and 30% in the low vulnerable category, due to SLR. Results of the inundation analysis indicate that 42.19 km2 and 372.08 km2 of the land area will be submerged by flooding at 1 m and 10 m inundation levels. The most severely affected sectors are expected to be the residential and recreational areas, agricultural land, and the natural ecosystem. As this coast is planned for future coastal developmental activities, measures such as building regulation, urban growth planning, development of an integrated coastal zone management, strict enforcement of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act 1991, monitoring of impacts and further research in this regard are recommended for the study area. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Geomorphological behaviour of Sasihithlu, Mangalore coast, west coast of India(2011) Nagaraj, G.; Karjagi, A.; Kumar, M.; Dwarakish, G.S.Beach geomorphological studies have been carried out with help of conventional methods and remote sensing techniques. Conventional methods include beach profile surveys and beachwidth measurements whereas remote sensing techniques involved in utilization of satellite images, digitization and analyses. Beach profile surveys and beachwidth measurements are carried out at monthly intervals over a period of one year (September 2009 to September 2010) to understand dynamics of sediment along the coastal segment of 7km at Sasihithlu, north off Mangalore coastline. Six locations are selected based on their significant site characteristics along the coastal segment. It is observed erosion with steeper slopes during the monsoon and simultaneously deposition with flat and wider exposed slopes during the fair weather season. But the more drastic and dramatic changes are observed in the vicinity of Mulki-Pavanje rivermouth, since the rivers Mulky and Pavanje bring any kind of sediments irrespective of seasons. Because of this the profiles alter dramatically in the vicinity of rivermouth. It is estimated that the Sasihithlu beach has experienced a net loss of about 2515m 3/m, a net gain of about 3525m 3/m and hence a gain of about 1010m 3/m sediments in an annual cycle. Addition to conventional methods, remote sensing analysis is also carried out to detect the influence of rivers and their flow on rivermouth system in recent decades (1988-2009) with the help of satellite images and GIS tools. It is observed that the shifting tendency of rivermouth either south or north irrespective of seasons. However a detailed investigation on shoreline pattern showed a clear indication of shifting shoreline towards south. Therefore present study suggests to construct coastal protection structures on either side of the rivermouth, through that the damage to the property could be minimized. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.