Faculty Publications
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Item An energy-efficient static multi-hop (ESM) routing protocol for wireless sensor network in agriculture(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Dubey, A.K.; Upadhyay, D.; Santhi Thilagam, P.S.Energy efficient routing is a crucial area of research for wireless sensor network(WSN). The communication between the wireless sensor nodes is handled by the routing protocols. The nature of the link, low power and limited recourse makes it a difficult task to design an energy and performance efficient routing protocol for WSN. This paper proposes an energy-efficient route selection protocol for a multi-hop network with a static link for deployment in the field of agriculture. An energy model is also given in this paper to evaluate the energy consumption of the network. The proposed energy-efficient static multi-hop(ESM) routing protocol is evaluated based on the performance parameters for energy efficiency, network lifetime and pack loss and compared with an existing scheme. The simulation results represent that the proposed protocol increases the network throughput and the lifetime. © 2018 IEEE.Item Time synchronization problem of wireless sensor network using maximum probability theory(Springer, 2018) Upadhyay, D.; Dubey, A.K.; Santhi Thilagam, P.S.Synchronizing time between the sensors of wireless sensor network has vital importance. It helps in maintaining a consistent and reliable frame of time across the network. Two clocks are stated to be synchronized when their frequency source runs with equal rate and their offsets are set identical. Basically, due to the manufacturing difference there is slight variation in their clock oscillator which affects the degree of frequency source and accuracy. Therefore this leads to the problem of synchronizing time between the sensor clocks. To attain time synchronization in a network typical contention-based message passing techniques are used. In this paper two-way message passing scheme is utilized. It proposes a statistical tool based on the maximum probability theory for selecting the reference clock offset for time synchronization protocols. It also proposes a subset selection algorithm to support the proposed statistical tool. The results obtained consist of the selection of most probable estimate for clock offset. The proposed algorithm utilizes the two-way message passing scheme for the exchange of timing messages within the network. The proposed algorithm is compared with the existing algorithms for estimation of clock offset. It was observed that the proposed works gives better results in terms of efficiency i.e. 99.8% efficient. © 2018, The Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM), India and The Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden.Item Application of non-linear Gaussian regression-based adaptive clock synchronization technique for wireless sensor network in agriculture(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Upadhyay, D.; Dubey, A.K.; Santhi Thilagam, P.S.Efficient and low power utilizing clock synchronization is a challenging task for a wireless-sensor network (WSN). Therefore, it is crucial to design a light weight clock synchronization protocols for these networks. An adaptive clock offset prediction model for WSN is proposed in this paper that exchanges fewer synchronization messages to improve the accuracy and efficiency. Timing information required is collected by setting a small WSN set up to investigate the soil condition to control the irrigation in agriculture. The networks investigate soils moisture, temperature, humidity, and pressure content along with the sensors clock offset. First, the prediction model perceives the existing sensor clock offset to observe the clock characteristics and delay. Then, a Gaussian function is applied for adjusting the parameters weight of the observed value in the prediction model. The system results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive non-linear Gaussian regression synchronization model utilizes 20% less energy as consumed by time sync protocol for sensor-network and reference broadcast synchronization Protocol. It also reduces the synchronization error with respect to root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 24.85% as compared to linear prediction synchronization with RMSE 28.72% in terms of accuracy. © 2001-2012 IEEE.Item A statistical tool for time synchronization problem in WSN(Bentham Science Publishers P.O. Box 294 Bussum 1400 AG, 2019) Upadhyay, D.; Dubey, A.K.; Santhi Thilagam, P.S.Background: In recent research, time synchronization has a great importance in the various application of wireless sensor network. Localization, tracking, message passing using contention-based schemes and communication are some of the fields where synchronization between sensor clocks is highly required. Therefore, several algorithms were designed to achieve a rational and reliable frame of time within the wireless sensor network. Patents related to time synchronization in WSN were also analyzed. Methods: This paper discusses the powerful statistical tool using maximum probability theory for synchronizing the time within the sensor's clock. In this paper, maximum probability theory is applied to estimate the best value of clock offset between two sensor clocks. The proposed algorithm is analyzed by exchanging timing messages between nodes using two-way message exchange schemes. Results: The proposed algorithm is also implemented along with a Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network. It reduces error deviation from 2.32 to 0.064 ms as compared with Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network without proposed works. Conclusion: It was observed that for a small network, proposed work gives better and efficient results with Time-Sync Protocol for Sensor Network. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.Item A Probabilistic Model of Clock Offset Estimator (PMCOE) for Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Network(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2019) Upadhyay, D.; Dubey, A.K.; Santhi Thilagam, P.Synchronization of clock within a wireless sensor network epitomizes crucial problems in the efficient and reliable operation of the sensors. This paper discusses a novel probability theory based clock offset estimator for various clock synchronization schemes of wireless sensor networks is proposed. The motivation is to utilize local clock timing for achieving the global clock synchronization. It presents a probabilistic model to estimate the most expected value of clock offset for sensor nodes. This model uses a statistical tools based on dispersion and central tendency. The proposed model was compared with the existing clock offset estimating models. It was observed that the proposed model gives better results with 1.008% accuracy, 0.065% precision and 99.8% efficiency. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.