Faculty Publications
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Item Physical Model Tests for Newly Developed Breakwater Foundation Subjected to Earthquake and Tsunami(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Chaudhary, B.; Hazarika, H.; Murakami, A.; Fujisawa, K.Many breakwaters damaged due to earthquake and tsunami in the past. For example, several breakwaters collapsed by the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake and subsequent tsunami. It was found that these breakwaters damaged mainly due to the failure of their foundations. Therefore, countermeasures are urgently needed to be developed for breakwater foundation in order to make the breakwater safe against earthquake and tsunami. Recently, new countermeasures were developed by the authors for breakwater foundation in order to make it resilient against an earthquake and tsunami. This paper deals with evaluation of effectiveness of the developed foundation model by conducting shaking table tests and tsunami overflow tests. As reinforcing countermeasures, steel sheet piles and gabions are provided in the breakwater foundation. To see the performance of the developed model, comparisons are made between the developed foundation model and conventional foundation. Through the tests, it was found that the reinforced foundation performed well in reducing damage of the breakwater caused by the earthquake and tsunami. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Tsunami Resilient Foundation for Breakwater: Centrifuge Model Tests(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Chaudhary, B.; Hazarika, H.; Murakami, A.; Fujisawa, K.Many coastal protection structures collapsed due to the past earthquakes and tsunamis. For example, several breakwaters damaged during the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in Japan. Due to the failure of the breakwaters, the tsunami waves could not be blocked by the breakwaters. Thus, the tsunami entered in the coastal areas; and imposed deep devastation there. It was found that the breakwaters damaged mainly due to their foundation failures. In order to mitigate such damage of breakwater caused by earthquake and tsunami, new techniques were developed by the authors for breakwater foundation. In the technique, gabions and sheet piles are used in breakwater foundation. Effectiveness of the developed foundations model of breakwater were evaluated by conducting centrifuge model tests. It was observed that the developed models could mitigate damage, and make the breakwater resilient against earthquake and tsunami-induced damage. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Review of Literature on Design of Rubble Mound Breakwaters(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Akarsh, P.K.; Chaudhary, B.Breakwaters are offshore structures constructed to protect the coastal and port structures from uncertain and extreme wave conditions. It creates tranquility in and around the harbor side for smooth transactions of ships. Depending upon the availability of rocks, depth of water, geotechnical nature of the sea bed, and its functional requirement, breakwaters are classified as rubble mound breakwaters, caisson type, and composite breakwaters. Rubble mound is a flexible, heterogeneous, trapezoidal structure consisting of quarried rocks in the core and artificial armor as a protection cover. Armor units at the outer layer absorb most of the energy and under-layers prevent transmission of the wave energy. The main advantage of the rubble mound is its failure is not immediate and can be repaired by adding the stones in the flushed-out part. More than 50% of breakwaters constructed around the world are of rubble mounds. Looking at its importance for coastal structures, this paper gives an overview of the basic aspects of rubble mound breakwaters, design considerations, and its failure conditions. The design of rubble mound breakwaters include hydraulic stability of it against wave actions, structural components design, and geotechnical considerations. The common modes of rubble mound failure are hydraulic damage, erosion of subsoil, slope failures, toe erosion, overtopping, liquefaction of subsoil, crest erosion, and leeside damage. The failure of rubble mound breakwater at Ergil fishery port, Turkey due to Kocaeli earthquake of 1999 has been explained to support this part. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.