Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Vehicular Pollution and Its Relationship with Meteorological Variables at Toll Plaza During Paryaya Festival in Udupi, Karnataka(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Charly, T.; Basavaraju, M.; Mulangi, R.H.The quantification of both air pollutants and noise is important to understand the impact of festival on pollution at toll plaza. Toll plazas can cause deterioration of air quality due to increased emission of pollutants caused by stop and go process. The present study was conducted at a toll plaza in front of National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, which is 39 kms from Udupi, Karnataka, to assess the impact of vehicular movement due to Paryaya festival, which was on the third week of January 2020 at Udupi, on noise and air pollution at study area. Data regarding meteorological parameters and traffic volume were also considered during the study. Experiments were carried out at toll plaza for one week, including pre- and post-festival days. In this study, a spearman correlation matrix between air pollutants and meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, precipitable water content, relative humidity, and wind speed) were also investigated. The concentration of air pollutants (TSPM, SO2, CO2) and noise were more on the day of festival as the number of vehicles plying on the road was higher in number. Maximum positive correlation was observed between concentration of CO and precipitable water content (Ï â€‰= 0.900) and minimum between SO2 and precipitable water content (Ï â€‰= 0.000). Precipitable water content was positively correlated with all air pollutants (TSPM, NO2, CO, and CO2), and no correlation was observed with SO2. The results show the impact of increase in vehicular movement due to festival on the quality of ambient air and role of meteorology on urban air pollution. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Item Assessment of traffic-related PAH in various environmental components and its associated health risk at a highway Toll Plaza(Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2024) Charly, T.; Manu, B.; Mulangi, R.H.Introduction: This study investigated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from road traffic at the Surathkal toll plaza, in Karnataka, India. It focuses on two phases: when the toll station operated (Phase 1: January 2020 – March 2020) and when it was inactive (Phase 2: January 2023 – March 2023). Materials and methods: The research examines Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentration, its elemental analysis, and various PAH concentrations in it during both phases. Ultrasonic extraction and Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis were used to study 16 priority PAHs recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), identifying eight in samples like SPM, soot, and green leaves. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICPOES) analysed 14 elements in SPM. Results: Results revealed higher PAH concentration during Phase 2, indicating that the presence of toll structure negatively affects air quality even when inactive. In contrast, SPM and its elements had higher mean concentrations during Phase 1, suggesting an inverse relationship between SPM and PAH levels. PAH diagnostic ratios showed different sources for each phase, including gasoline, diesel, fossil fuel, coal/biomass, and pyrogenic sources. Comprehensive health risk assessment using BaP equivalent concentration (BaPeq) to estimate Inhalation Life-time Cancer Risk (ILCR), revealed an increased risk during both phases (0.045 during Phase 1 and 0.134 during Phase 2), higher than acceptable risk level (1×10-6). Conclusion: This research underscores the toll plaza's significant influence on air quality and calls for the development of mitigation measures. © 2024 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Item Rapid Air Quality Assessment and Modelling of an Educational Institute Located in a Coastal Region near National Highway(Springer, 2025) Charly, T.; Joshi, L.; Manu, B.; Mulangi, R.H.The study investigated the variation in air pollutant concentrations at different sampling points within a higher educational institution located near a coastal region and a national highway in India. From January 2023 to March 2023, air pollutants including Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) were sampled and analyzed using standard procedures at three distinct locations: the Main Entrance Gate (S1), Administrative Building (S2), and Sports Complex (S3) of the National Institute of Technology, Karnataka (NITK). A simple box model was employed to estimate the potential impact of emissions on atmospheric concentration. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to explore relationships between air pollutants and meteorological parameters. The study revealed higher concentrations of gaseous pollutants and TSPM during the winter season, with the highest levels observed at the main entrance facing National Highway 66. Various factors such as meteorological variations, construction activities, local traffic conditions, and fuel consumption were identified as potential contributors to pollutant concentration fluctuations. Car, jeep, van, and motor vehicle traffic predominated, comprising 89.96% of the observed vehicles. Notably, a significant correlation was found between NO2 levels and temperature at the sampling sites. The investigation underscores the environmental challenges faced by educational institutions, highlighting the imperative for sustainable practices and pollution control measures within campus boundaries. This study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between air pollutants, meteorological factors, and human activities, emphasizing the importance of proactive environmental management strategies in educational settings. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy Sciences 2024.