Faculty Publications
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Item Industry 4.0: Design Principles, Challenges, and Applications(wiley, 2024) Girish, K.K.; Kumar, S.; Bhowmik, B.The era of the industrial revolution witnessed the widespread adoption of machines and new manufacturing processes, which led to increased productivity and economic growth around the globe. Subsequently, the progressive shift from the previous industrial revolutions toward “Industry 4.0,” also called the Fourth Industrial Revolution, represents a significant milestone in human history. The emergence of Industry 4.0 lays the groundwork for a profound social and technological breakthrough that has the potential to transform the global landscape substantially. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the incorporation of digital technologies, including the cyber-physical system (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and big data into the manufacturing sector. The aim of Industry 4.0 is to develop a manufacturing sector that is more productive, adaptable, and linked with the aid of digital technologies. Increasing global competition, evolving customer demands, cost reduction, technological advancements, sustainability, and shortage of skilled labor are significant factors driving the motivation behind Industry 4.0. By automating procedures, cutting down on downtime, and improving efficiency, digital technology integration is transforming traditional manufacturing operations into smart factories. Smart factories are characterized by interconnected machines, equipment, and systems that communicate with each other and humans in real time. This connectivity enables manufacturers to monitor and control their operations more effectively, make better-informed decisions, and optimize their processes to achieve maximum efficiency and profitability. This chapter provides details of Industry 4.0, including its current trends, design principles, and applications. The chapter describes the basics of Industry 4.0, its emergence, and critical technologies. Further, the chapter details Industry 4.0 architecture, design principles, and associated challenges, including technical challenges, workforce upskilling, integration with legacy systems, and ethical concerns. Thus, this chapter provides a comprehensive insight into recent developments in the domain, the paradigm shifts toward Industry 5.0, and various prospects. The chapter elucidates salient problems, interests, and issues around these broad themes. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Item IoT Systems and Battery-Based Energy Sources(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Sajja, K.; Bhowmik, B.The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly expanded over the past few years and has begun taking over many aspects of our lives, including hospitals, houses, roadways, and much more. Due to its expansion, IoT may become the future technology in the following years. IoT is a collection of real-world items equipped with electronics, software, networks, and sensors to collect and exchange data. To power IoT devices, there must be a proper understanding of the energy consumption of thesensors and the kind of energy sources to be used. This paper provides state-of-the-art battery-powered IoT systems. First, the study discusses IoT's architecture and various applications. The study then extends IoT energy resources. Next, the study examines the use of batteries in IoT systems, their advantages and disadvantages, followed by unravelling the ambient energy harvesting mechanism. Finally, we present related works on battery-based IoT systems. © 2023 IEEE.Item IoT Evolution and Recent Advancements(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Prathyusha, M.R.; Bhowmik, B.As more and more contemporary items are linked to the internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) has grown widely. The development of the IoT has been facilitated by the confluence of numerous technologies, including ubiquitous computing, affordable sensors, embedded systems, and machine learning. This study examines how the IoT has developed from the first IoT products and applications to the present. The fundamentals of IoT architecture and its properties are explained first, then IoT connectivity and related technologies are discussed. The various energy sources needed by IoT systems are then enumerated. Finally, we examine a variety of IoT applications, difficulties, and potential future research approaches. © 2023 IEEE.Item IoT-Enabled Smart Applications and Challenges(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Prathyusha, M.R.; Bhowmik, B.Significant advances in the development of information and communication technology lead to collaborating computational entities into cyber-physical systems (CPS). A CPS serves as the foundation for many latest technology, e.g., the internet of things (IoT). Both IoT and CPS technologies provide several advantages that make our daily lives more simple and smart. These technologies are employed for a wide range of smart applications like smart city, smart home, smart transport, smart healthcare, etc., that can improve business, security, and health-related experiences. This paper primarily explores various IoT-enabled smart applications and examines their necessity, characteristics, and related issues. The paper also highlights various challenges of these smart applications followed by the state-of-the-art to address them. Each smart application promotes a sustainable, healthier, and comfortable life, including their future in the smart world. © 2023 IEEE.