Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item A comprehensive review on the use of hemp in concrete(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.A simple mixture of hemp hurd, water, and lime is used to make hemp concrete. It is indeed one of the few materials that can continue to absorb carbon after being employed in construction, storing more carbon in the atmosphere over the building's lifetime than was emitted during construction. Furthermore, hemp can be harvested in as little as 60 days. Hemp concrete is a “carbon-negative” or “better-than-zero-carbon” substance because the hemp plant absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it emits during its production and application on site. It is a bio-composite material that can be utilised as an alternative to concrete and standard insulation in building. Hemp concrete is also recyclable at the end of the building's lifespan. This study summarises the fast-developing body of knowledge about hemp concrete, which was recently developed. © 2022 Elsevier LtdItem Molecular dynamics simulation in concrete research: A systematic review of techniques, models and future directions(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of molecular dynamics simulation in concrete research. The study addresses the background and significance of the topic, providing an overview of the principles, applications, and types of molecular dynamics simulation, with a particular focus on its role in enhancing the understanding of concrete properties. Moreover, it critically examines existing research studies that employ molecular dynamics simulation in concrete research, highlighting the associated benefits and limitations. The paper further investigates various simulation techniques and models employed in concrete research, offering a comparative analysis of their effectiveness. Additionally, the study explores future directions and identifies research needs in the field of molecular dynamics simulation in concrete, while also discussing the potential impact of this approach on the sustainability of the construction industry. By providing a comprehensive overview and critical analysis, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in leveraging molecular dynamics simulation for advancing concrete science and engineering. © 2023 The Author(s)Item Valorization of Incinerated Biomedical Waste Ash in Cementitious System: A Comprehensive Review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Joshi, S.; Snehal, K.; Das, B.B.; Barbhuiya, S.Disposing of incinerated biomedical waste ash (IBWA) contaminated with heavy metals (e.g., Cr, Zn, Pb) poses significant environmental and public health concerns, necessitating innovative and sustainable management strategies. Cement-based solidification emerges as a promising approach to repurpose IBWA by effectively immobilizing heavy metals and mitigating their ecological footprint. However, broader industrial and societal acceptance of IBWA as a substitute for cement and sand remains constrained owing to limited quantification of IBWA availability and safety concerns. In this perspective, the current paper presents a global database on IBWA availability and maps the geographic distribution of biomedical waste incinerators in India. It also comprehensively reviews IBWA’s potential in mortar/concrete, focusing on its physico-chemical, leachability, hydration, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties. The study further highlights the importance of a cradle-to-gate and gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to holistically assess the environmental performance of IBWA-incorporated mortar systems, promoting circular economy principles and resource efficiency in the construction sector. IBWA, with its high SiO₂ and CaO content (> 50%), exhibits latent hydraulic properties suitable for construction applications. The porous cellular structure of IBWA can lead to increased porosity and water absorption in concrete. Leachate analysis demonstrated the effective stabilization of heavy elements within the cement hydration matrix (C-S-H, C-A-S-H, etc.), meeting US EPA regulatory standards. LCA interprets that IBWA utilization of up to 10% cement replacement material and 30% sand replacement material could curtail the carbon footprint and energy demand by ~ 25–35% and 15–25%, respectively, compared to conventional cement-based mortar systems. These findings highlight IBWA’s potential to transform the construction sector, aligning it with global sustainability goals and reducing its dependence on non-renewable resources. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2025.Item Structural performance and implementation challenges of next-generation concrete materials(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Rajput, A.; Katare, V.; Das, A.K.Conventional concrete faces limitations in durability, sustainability, and adaptability to modern structural demands, constraining its use in high-rise, bridge, and extreme-environment applications. This study examines emerging concrete mixes—HPC, UHPC, SCC, FRC, GPC, and 3D-Printed Concrete—by evaluating their mechanical properties, implementation challenges, and future opportunities. A review of experimental data, case studies, and comparative analyses was conducted to assess strength, durability, workability, and structural applications. Results show that HPC and UHPC reach compressive strengths of 60–200 MPa, GPC achieves 40–80 MPa with reduced CO₂ emissions, SCC demonstrates slump flows of 600–800 mm, and fibre reinforcement enhances tensile strength to 8–15 MPa. These findings highlight superior performance, sustainability, and constructability, though high costs, lack of standards, and scalability issues remain obstacles to widespread adoption. This review uniquely integrates comparative insights on High-Performance, Ultra-High-Performance, Self-Compacting, Fibre-Reinforced, Geopolymer, and 3D-Printed concretes, bridging laboratory findings with real-world applications. Unlike existing reviews, it emphasizes structural implementation challenges and opportunities. Key obstacles—including high cost, lack of standards, and scalability—are outlined to contextualize pathways for sustainable adoption. Overall, next-generation concretes deliver enhanced strength, durability, and sustainability, making them viable for critical infrastructure. Future studies should focus on advancing standardization, integrating nanotechnology and AI for mix optimization, and developing cost-effective, large-scale deployment strategies. © 2025 The AuthorsItem Influence of multi-stage processing and mechano-chemical treatments on the hydration and microstructure properties of recycled aggregate concrete(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Trivedi, S.S.; Sarangi, D.; Das, B.B.; Barbhuiya, S.On account of the shortage of naturally occurring coarse aggregate, recycled aggregate (RA) made from crushed concrete debris is now used in the construction industry. With this rise in the utilisation of recycled aggregate in the construction sector, there has been extensive research into ways to improve its quality. The significant fraction of mortar remains that are left on the RA surface is the primary factor that affects its quality. Concrete made from RA loses strength and mechanical performance due to the attached mortar's increased porosity and water absorption values and the frailer transition region between the new mortar and aggregates. In order to minimise the old cement fractions and increase the quality, this paper studies the effect of concrete incorporating multi-stage processed RA from demolished concrete waste, followed by treatment with mechanical abrasion and sodium silicate immersion. The recycled aggregates were produced through multi-stage jaw crushing, followed by utilising natural aggregate, recycled aggregate, and recycled aggregate obtained after mechanical abrasion, followed by sodium silicate treatment for concrete mix design at various substitution percentages as coarse aggregates. The experimental investigation further progresses with the evaluation of mechanical and durability properties of concrete mixes, which is additionally followed by microstructural studies such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The outcomes demonstrate that two-stage treatment, such as mechanical abrasion followed by sodium silicate immersion, yields superior-quality RA. Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) made with these treated aggregates illustrated an increase in workability and density with respect to an untreated RAC mix. Furthermore, comparable strengths in compression, flexure, and tension are found in treated RAC mixes, particularly at 35% replacement levels, with respect to concrete mixes comprised of natural aggregates. A similar trend is detected in the chloride penetration tests and water sorptivity tests. In addition, the microstructural investigation confirmed the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate for treated RAC mixes, particularly for the 35% substituted RA mix. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that multi-stage jaw crushing followed by treatment through mechanical abrasion and sodium silicate can potentially enhance the mechanical, microstructural, and durability performance of RAC. © 2023 Elsevier LtdItem Advances and perspectives in engineered cementitious composites: a comprehensive review(ICE Publishing, 2024) Barbhuiya, S.; Adak, D.; Das, B.B.Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) have garnered significant attention within the construction industry, owing to their exceptional mechanical properties and durability. This thorough review presents a meticulous analysis of the progress and prospects in ECC research. It begins by introducing the background and rationale for investigating ECCs, while outlining the objectives of the review. The review provides an encompassing overview of ECCs, encompassing their definition, characteristics, historical development, composition and constituent materials. Emphasis is placed on the examination of ECCs' mechanical properties, specifically their flexural behaviour, tensile behaviour, compressive strength and resistance to environmental factors. Furthermore, the rheological properties of ECCs, including workability, flowability, self-healing, crack mitigation, viscosity and thixotropy, are discussed in detail. The review delves into the influence of fibre reinforcement on ECCs, encompassing the types of fibres utilised and their impact on mechanical and structural properties, as well as fibre dispersion and orientation. Additionally, it explores the diverse applications of ECCs across various fields, such as structural applications and sustainable building practices. The challenges and limitations associated with ECCs, such as cost and availability, are addressed, alongside an exploration of future trends and research directions. © 2024 ICE Publishing. All rights reserved.Item Biochar-concrete: A comprehensive review of properties, production and sustainability(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Kanavaris, F.The utilisation of biochar in concrete has attracted considerable attention due to its potential in enhancing the properties and sustainability of this construction material. This in-depth review delves into various aspects of biochar-concrete composites. It commences by defining biochar and exploring its production methods, physical and chemical properties. Additionally, the review provides an overview of concrete, emphasising its composition, properties and the challenges associated with traditional production methods. The incorporation of biochar in concrete brings forth several benefits, such as improved strength and durability, enhanced thermal properties and the potential for carbon sequestration. The paper examines the production process of biochar-concrete composites, covering aspects like incorporation methods, biochar selection, mixing techniques and quality control measures. Furthermore, the sustainability aspects of biochar-concrete are evaluated, considering its environmental impact, life cycle assessment, carbon footprint reduction and economic feasibility. The review also addresses the challenges and future perspectives of biochar-concrete composites, along with opportunities for research and development. This comprehensive review presents valuable insights into the properties, production and sustainability of biochar-concrete composites. It serves as a guide for further advancements in the realm of sustainable construction. © 2024 The Authors