Faculty Publications
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Item Comparative Study of Power Optimization Technique for M2M Communication Node Under 5G (NR)(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.; Pandey, K.The direct Fourier transform-spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) are used for the end-to-end data transmission to support the 5G services and backward compatibility. Improving battery life has always been an important concern in 5G machine-to-machine (M2M) communication nodes. Efficient utilization of power amplifiers (PA) and inferior peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is helpful to achieve enhanced battery life. Filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) multiplexing is an alternative to CP-OFDM that offers low PAPR with the benefits of CP removal. Another way to get low PAPR is single carrier OFDM (SC-FDMA). The transmission requirements between these services are different, which presents a challenge for waveform adaptability to PAPR issues. The DFT-s-OFDM technique is one of the choices to overcome the PAPR that is used in uplink scenarios. Apart from PAPR reduction, DFT-s-OFDM provides optimal use of nonlinear power amplifiers. In addition to PAPR analysis, spectral efficiency is also compared in the simulation results. Using parameters that adjust the cost of spectral efficiency, DFT-s-OFDM provides the extent of improvement in PAPR performance and bit error rate over traditional CP-OFDM, SC-FDMA, and FBMC against the noisy channel. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Crosslinked polymer doped binary coatings for corrosion protection(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Kaur, H.; Sharma, J.; Jindal, D.; Arya, R.K.; Ahuja, S.K.; Arya, S.Solvent-based polymeric multilayer coatings prepared by ex-situ addition of crosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinyl benzene) in poly(styrene)-ethylbenzene solution were examined for corrosion protection of mild steel in a simulated water environment equivalent to sea water and acid rain. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used to determine the corrosion resistance behavior of the prepared polymeric coatings in 3.5 wt % of NaCl aqueous solution. EIS analysis suggested that the sample solution prepared by adding 1% crosslinked polymer in poly(styrene)-ethylbenzene solution, has better corrosion resistance as compared to the sample solutions prepared by adding 3% and 2% of crosslinked polymer in poly(styrene)-ethylbenzene solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that substrate coated with polymeric solution prepared by adding 1% of crosslinked polymer in poly(styrene)-ethyl benzene solution showed less corrosion as compared to the substrates coated with sample solutions prepared by adding 3% and 2% of crosslinked polymer in poly(styrene)-ethylbenzene solutions. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.Item Robust transmission using channel encoding towards 5G New Radio: A telemetry approach(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.This paper presents a robust channel encoding scheme under adaptive modulation and coding for a massive machine type communication device in 5G new radio. For the very first time, mode-selection and distance statistics algorithms have been simultaneously evaluated, in which together it provides the closest approximation of efficient adaptive modulation and coding with robust transmission. The prediction of optimum adaptive modulation and coding is based on the analysis of uplink packet using distance statistics, and downlink packet using mode-selection mechanism. The performance of 5G new radio by incorporating OFDM subcarrier has been evaluated using analytical as well as simulation approach. Mode-selection algorithm has been considered to predict the environmental condition under a fading channel while the distance statistics provide feedback of the previously transmitted channel condition. The result of both the approaches provide a better bit error rate for adaptive modulation & coding profile under 1/4, 1/18, 1/16 and 1/32 cyclic prefix. © 2021Item Efficient Channel Prediction Technique Using AMC and Deep Learning Algorithm for 5G (NR) mMTC Devices(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.Efficient utilisation of adaptive modulation and coding ensures the quality transmission of information bits through the significant reduction in bit error rate (BER). Channel prediction using parametric estimation is not efficient for massive machine-type communication (mMTC) devices under the 5G New Radio (NR). In this paper, we have proposed a channel prediction scheme based on a deep learning (DL) algorithm possessed by parametric analysis. In deep learning, the pipeline methodology is used along with the image processing technique to predict the channel condition for optimal selection of the adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) profile. The deep learning-based pipelining approach utilises image restoration (IR) and image super-resolution (SR). The super-resolution method is used to de-noise the low-pixel 2-D image that is obtained from the parametric value of the beacon to predict the channel condition. The estimation results are compared with the conventional minimum mean square error (MMSE) and an approximation to the linear MMSE (ALMMSE) method, which is obtained through channel state information (CSI). The comparison results show that the parametric-enabled deep learning approach is superior, especially in poorer channel conditions. The performance of BER through parametric estimation along with the DL approach is 66% more efficient as compared to the conventional MMSE method for BPSK mapping. © 2013 IEEE.Item A robust transmission with enhancement of 5G PHY using FBMC and AMC for machine-to-machine communication node(KeAi Communications Co., 2023) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.Advancement of 5G new radios has enabled more robust communication for the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication node, using filter bank multicarrier (FBMC). This paper focuses on robust transmission over random fluctuations of the channel and also enhances the battery life for the massive machine type communication (mMTC) node. Filter bank multicarrier and Adaptive Modulation Coding (AMC) have been utilized together to enhance the performance of the 5G (NR) PHY layer. A frame-to-frame implementation is used to diminish the impact of fading using AMC, while efficient utilization of spectrum is achieved using FBMC. The selection of the AMC profile is obtained through the analysis of uplink packets using the Distance Statistics (DS). The FBMC is incorporated with 5G PHY in place of OFDM to achieve the optimum utilization of spectrum and also obtain a significant reduction in peak to average power ratio (PAPR) for robust transmission, which saves 10% of the battery requirement. On the basis of channel state information, distance statistics were employed to optimize the AMC. The optimum selection of AMC with FBMC will reduce the bit error rate (BER) against multipath fading and ensure the better utilization of available spectrum to attain the optimum utilization of the power amplifier. © 2023 The AuthorsItem Adaptive DFT-s-OFDM employed novel multi layered scheme for reduction of PAPR for mMTC node in 5G (NR)(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.In 5G New Radio, The DFT-s-OFDM is a promising multiplexing technique for enhancing the average power of subcarriers to reduce the overall peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The peak of subcarrier is too high then the impact of DFT-s-OFDM is quite inferior. An Adaptive DFT-s-OFDM employed multilayered novel mechanism has been proposed in this research article to reduce the PAPR. The extent of sub-band is varied in accordance with predefined threshold value to enhance average power, meanwhile clipping is applied to shape the peak value of subcarrier. The clipping technique reduced the subcarrier's peak power. The proposed approach has the greater impact in order to enhance the efficiency of non-linear Power Amplifier (PA). The PAPR is suppressed by the multilayered strategy in two ways. The first is the numerator element, which is the reduction of peak power by clipping operation, and the second is the denominator element, which is the improvement of average power through K-point DFT sub-band. The superior time–frequency localization of DFT-s-OFDM across uplink transmissions reduces the requirement for difficult node-to-node synchronization, which is potentially used by the mMTC nodes. The proposed adaptive DFT-s-OFDM modulation scheme performs better than conventional OFDM modulation, which is approximately 24% more effective at 6 dB. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item Power Amplifier Optimization for M2M Node using DPD and Hybrid DFT-s-OFDM with CFR(Dr D. Pylarinos, 2023) Sharma, V.; Arya, R.K.; Kumar, S.Power Amplifiers (PAs) play a vital role in mobile communication. However, their inherent nonlinearity can lead to issues such as unwanted radiation, interference with neighboring channels, and distortion within the desired frequency range. To address these problems, PAs are typically operated at a lower power level than their saturation point, sacrificing power efficiency to improve Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) performance. Consequently, more than 70-80% of the DC power is wasted as heat. This inefficiency necessitates the exploration of techniques to enhance PA efficiency while maintaining acceptable linearity and performance. Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD) is a useful technique to linearize PAs. DPD allows affordable nonlinear PAs to function with minimal distortion in their nonlinear operating regions. This results in amplified signals with increased power output and improved power efficiency. Using nonlinear functions, the output signal of the PA can be linearized, mitigate distortions, and be effectively optimized. When using various operating channels and varying time, temperature, and PA nonlinearity, the DPD must adjust. In order to increase the power efficiency of 5G systems, DPD-enabled systems are inculcating with adaptive DFT-s-OFDM employed 5G physical layer along with the Crest Factor Reduction (CFR) algorithm. © 2023, Dr D. Pylarinos. All rights reserved.