Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item 3D face reconstruction using frontal and profile views(IEEE Computer Society help@computer.org, 2013) Narayana, S.; Rohit; Rajagopal; Rakshith; Antony, J.We present a methodical approach for 3-D face reconstruction. Two orthogonal images, the frontal and profile views of the face, are used with a constructed generic model to obtain the 3-D face model. The need for 3-D face modelling has been growing due to its application in biometrics, forensic, animation, gaming etc. Face localization in the image is performed using fast skin colour detection technique. Feature points from the face images are identified and extracted. Global deformation and local deformation techniques are applied to deform the 3-D generic face model constructed using the feature points extracted, to obtain the 3-D face model. The 3D model of the face reconstructed will be of high accuracy and high clarity. © 2013 IEEE.Item Modeling and simulation of fluid-structure interaction using smoothed particle hydrodynamics(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Antony, J.; Maniyeri, R.Analyzing fluid-structure interactions (FSI) is crucial in many engineering applications from modeling of blood flow to design of aircrafts. FSI problems are normally simulated using grid based methods, which is complicated and challenging due to the difficulties in modeling large deformations. In this work, we present a numerical model developed for solving FSI problems using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), which is a meshless particle based Lagrangian method widely used for solving fluid mechanics and heat transfer problems. Being meshless method, the discretization of complex domains and treatment of large deformations becomes easier in SPH. It has an attractive feature that the interpolating nodes also function as material component by carrying properties of the material and move according to the internal and external interactions. SPH uses a smoothing kernel function to approximate the field variables and its derivatives at a node from its neighboring nodes. With this perspective, we developed a numerical model to simulate the flow through a square lattice of stationary cylinders. The developed model captured the fluid dynamics and the velocity contour and the streamlines plot obtained are in good agreement with available results in the literature. We believe that this model can be extended to investigate complex fluid-structure interaction problems involving moving and deformable structures. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.Item Numerical Simulation of Flow Past Elliptic Cylinder Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Antony, J.; Maniyeri, R.The flow past bluff bodies is a fluid–structure interaction problem that has both fundamental and research interests in the field of computational fluid dynamics. The flow past bluff bodies with circular and square shaped cylinders have been studied extensively in the literature. However, limited studies are reported on flow past elliptical cylinders, even though they are preferred in many practical applications due to smaller wake region and drag coefficients. In this work, we develop a numerical model using meshless particle method known as smoothed particle hydrodynamics to analyse the fluid-structure interaction of a stationary elliptic cylinder in a steady viscous fluid flow for Reynolds numbers varying from 10 to 60. Qualitative comparison of the obtained results shows good agreement with the existing results in the literature. We believe that the developed model can be further extended to investigate the fluid dynamics of more complicated problems involving movable and deformable objects. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Simulation of Lateral Migration of Red Blood Cell in Poiseuille Flow Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Antony, J.; Maniyeri, R.Cell separation is a process of isolating one or more specific cell populations from a heterogeneous mixture of cells. Understanding the dynamics of cells in different flow conditions is necessary to develop and improve the cell separation methods based on mechanical properties of cells. The present work numerically investigates the lateral migration of a deformable red blood cell in Poiseuille flow and the effect of the initial position of the cell on migration time and final shape of RBC. A meshless particle-based method known as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used in the simulations, which has several advantages over conventional grid-based methods in simulating fluid–structure interactions problems involving large deformation. A numerical model has been developed using a modified SPH that implements various improvements reported in the literature. The numerical simulations are parallelized on GPU using CUDA Fortran. The developed numerical model has been validated with existing results in the literature and it captures the deformation and migration of the deformable cell very well. It is observed that the RBC migrates towards the centre and attains similar shape at steady state irrespective of the initial position. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Item Numerical investigation of two-cell interactions between healthy and malaria infected red blood cells using smoothed particle hydrodynamics(Springer, 2025) Antony, J.; Maniyeri, R.Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is a critical factor in hemorheology, as it directly impacts the ability of RBCs to transport oxygen through narrow capillaries. Reduced RBC deformability, associated with several diseases, results in inadequate blood flow to tissues and organs. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of RBC shape and elasticity in understanding various pathological conditions. Therefore, early detection of diseases associated with RBC deformation is possible by understanding the dynamic behaviour of RBCs. In this study, a numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed to analyze the interaction between healthy and malaria-infected RBCs in Poiseuille flow. SPH is a Lagrangian-based meshless particle method that offers advantages in solving fluid–structure interaction problems with moving interfaces and large deformations. The developed numerical model leverages GPU parallelization, significantly reducing computational costs. The study examines interactions between healthy and malaria-infected RBCs under different orientations to gain insight into their hydrodynamic behavior. The hydrodynamic behaviour of RBCs is significantly influenced by their relative position in the flow. In symmetric orientation, no lateral migration of RBCs is observed, but the shape and deformation differences are more pronounced when the initial distance between them is small. When the RBCs are placed at the same initial lateral position, they separate more if the initial distance between them is small. In different lateral positions, the centre-line healthy RBC is either attracted or repelled depending on whether it is downstream or upstream of the off-centre infected RBC. © Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2025.Item SIMULATION OF RBC DYNAMICS IN OSCILLATORY FLOW USING SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS(World Scientific, 2025) Antony, J.; Maniyeri, R.The study of red blood cell dynamics is an important research field. Understanding physiologic and pathologic characteristics of red blood cell can provide a new perspective to diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. In this work, a numerical model has been developed using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics which is a Lagrangian, meshless particle method to investigate red blood cell dynamics in oscillatory flow. The developed model is parallelized in graphic processing units using Compute Unified Device Architecture developed by NVIDIA that resulted in a seventeen fold reduction in computational cost. The effect of frequency of oscillation and phase difference on red blood cell dynamics is investigated. In addition, the dynamics of healthy and infected red blood cell in oscillatory flow is compared in this work to understand relevance of oscillatory flow in cell separation devices. © World Scientific Publishing Company.