Faculty Publications
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Item Dynamic Response of Soil Nailed Wall(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Amrita; Jayalekshmi, B.R.; Shivashankar, R.Soil nailing is a technique used to stabilize steep cut slopes and to retain excavations. The method consists of inserting nail bars into the ground to stabilize the soil mass. The present study evaluates the dynamic response of a soil nailed wall supporting a vertical cut of height 6 m. The finite element analysis has been carried out to study the stability and performance of the soil nailed wall using PLAXIS 2D software. The seismic resistance and failure mechanism of the wall are analyzed under the El Centro ground motion. The seismic response variation for different parameters such as angle of inclination of nail and length of nail is studied. The results are observed in terms of maximum lateral displacement, development of maximum tensile force in nails and failure mechanism of soil nailed wall under static and dynamic conditions. The results of the study indicate that the soil nailed structure is an effective method which imparts stability to the retaining system under dynamic conditions. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Dynamic stability evaluation of nail stabilised vertical cuts in various site classes(Techno-Press, 2024) Amrita; Jayalekshmi, B.R.; Shivashankar, R.The soil nailing method entails the utilisation of nails to reinforce and stabilise a zone of soil mass. This is widely used for various applications due to its effective performance under various loading conditions. The seismic response of 6m high vertical soil-nailed cut in various site classes under dynamic excitations has been investigated in this study considering various lengths and inclinations of nails. The influence of frequency content of dynamic excitation on the response of structure has been assessed through finite element analysis using time history data of three different earthquakes. The seismic stability of the nailed cut in retaining soil in various sites under El Centro, Kobe and Trinidad earthquake ground motion is evaluated based on maximum acceleration response, maximum horizontal deformation, earth pressure distribution on the wall and maximum axial force mobilised in nails. The optimum nail inclination is identified as 15° and a minimum nail length ratio of 0.7 is essential for a stable vertical cut under dynamic excitations. © 2024 Techno-Press, Ltd.Item Integrating soil-nailed walls with RC building for seismic stability in space-constrained sites(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Amrita; Jayalekshmi, B.R.; Shivashankar, R.In urban environments, space constraints necessitate innovative construction methods. Due to rising demand for infrastructures and scarcity of plane ground, structures are built on sloping or irregular ground. To make use of available land, vertical cuts or excavations are made in the natural soil stratum which can be effectively retained using the soil nailing technique. However, if the area adjacent to the nailed vertical cut is utilised for constructing a multi-storeyed building, the behaviour of the nailed structure may vary. This study examines the impact of the presence of multi-storeyed RC buildings on the response of soil-nailed structures in their proximity during earthquake ground motion. The seismic response of a soil-nailed structure is evaluated in the presence of various heights of medium-rise multi-storeyed buildings. Three-dimensional multi-storeyed buildings and soil-nailed structures are analysed with various arrangements and connectivities between them, taking into account different soil profiles at the site. Dynamic finite element analyses of integrated soil-nailed wall-building systems have been performed using time history data of ground motion. The findings suggest that the integration between the two structures enhances the seismic stability of both the structures under dynamic load as evident in the reduced deformation and acceleration of the structures. It restricts the lateral movement of the nailed wall and reduces its displacement by about 40%. This integration can be implemented in space-constrained sites for optimum utilisation of available space. © The Author(s) 2024.Item Dynamic response assessment of RC buildings featuring basement storeys integrated with soil-nailed structures(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Amrita; Jayalekshmi, B.R.; Shivashankar, R.The rising demand for high-rise buildings and infrastructure has led to construction on hilly and sloping terrains, necessitating their stabilisation. The area adjacent to a vertical cut, stabilised through the soil nailing technique, presents opportunities for constructing multi-storey buildings. Incorporating basement levels in buildings is also a common practice to maximise the utility of space. This study evaluates the seismic performance of integrated soil-nailed wall-building systems, where the multi-storey building is connected to the soil-nailed structure through a shear wall, termed the Shear wall (SW) system. The effect of providing two basement levels on the seismic response of the integrated SW system is analysed in soft soil conditions, denoted as the SWB system (Shear wall system with basement floors). Finite element analysis of three-dimensional models of these integrated systems is conducted in PLAXIS software. The influence of the frequency content of dynamic excitations on the responses of these structures is assessed using time history data of three different earthquakes, considering various heights of the building. Results indicate that the SWB system provides substantial benefits, including a 35.17 % reduction in seismic building deformation, a 19.23 % reduction in soil-nailed wall acceleration, an 81.66 % reduction in axial nail force and a 54.77 % reduction in inter-storey drift. However, these improvements come with increased lateral earth pressure on the soil-nailed wall, necessitating careful design to ensure optimal seismic performance. These integrated configurations are recommended as suitable for optimum space utilisation in space-constrained urban sites while ensuring structural stability under seismic loading. © 2025 Elsevier LtdItem Numerical study on reinforced vertical cuts integrated with RC buildings under the effects of ground motion(Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM), 2025) Amrita; Jayalekshmi, B.R.; Shivashankar, R.Soil nailing is an effective method used for stabilizing excavations and natural ground slopes. In situations with space constraints due to rapid urbanization, the available space near the soil-nailed vertical cuts can be utilized to construct multi-storied buildings. However, the presence of a building in proximity to the retained soil mass may alter the seismic response of a nailed structure. The building can be either constructed at a distance, connected or attached to the soil-nailed structure depending on the space availability. This study evaluates the behavior of such an integrated soil-nailed, wall-building system under seismic excitations by employing finite element analysis. The seismic response of a nailed wall supporting a vertical cut of a height of 6m under different connectivity conditions with an adjacent multi-story RC building is analyzed. Parametric studies are conducted with various heights of a building and under different frequency content of seismic excitations. The performance of the integrated system is evaluated regarding displacement and the acceleration response of the soil-nailed wall, as well as tensile force mobilized in nails. The innovative concept of integration between the two structures yields better seismic stability of the nailed structure, as well as for optimum use of land in space-constrained grounds with vertical cuts. © Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration 2025.