Faculty Publications
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/18736
Publications by NITK Faculty
Browse
5 results
Search Results
Item Study on hydrogen assisted cracking susceptibility of HSLA steel by implant test(China Ordnance Society, 2016) Chakraborty, G.; Rejeesh, R.; Albert, S.K.DMR-249A is an indigenously developed high strength low alloy steel for Indian ship building industry for making ship-hull and is extensively used in the construction of war ships and submarines. Welding electrodes conforming to SFA 5.5 AWS E8018 C1 has been indigenously developed for welding of this steel using shielded metal arc welding process. In the present study, susceptibility to hydrogen assisted cracking of DMR-249A steel welds made using this electrode has been assessed using implant test. Implant tests were conducted using this electrode at two different levels of diffusible hydrogen, measured using gas chromatography technique. It is observed that both the steel and the welding consumable are not susceptible to hydrogen assisted cracking even with a high diffusible hydrogen level of 9 mL/100g of weld metal. In implant tests, specimen did not fracture even after loading to stress levels higher than the yield strength of the base metal. The good resistance of this steel and the welding consumable, even with high levels of diffusible hydrogen, is attributed to absence of a susceptible microstructure in both the weld metal and heat affected zone. Hence, this study shows that, in the absence of a susceptible microstructure, hydrogen assisted cracking is unlikely to occur even if hydrogen level is high. It also confirms that in welding of DMR-249A with indigenously developed E8018 C1 electrode, hydrogen assisted cracking is not a concern and no preheating is required to avoid it during welding. © 2016 The AuthorsItem Evaluation of hydrogen-assisted cracking susceptibility in modified 9cr-1mo steel welds(Springer, 2020) Chakraborty, G.; Rejeesh, R.; Ramana, O.V.; Albert, S.K.The hydrogen-assisted cracking susceptibility of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel weld is evaluated by Y-groove and gapped bead-on-plate test. It is found that a combination of pre + post heat is able to prevent cracking. However, the pre + post heat temperature combination determined from G-BOP test to prevent cracking (200 °C) is found to be higher than that in Y-groove test (100 °C). This is attributed to the higher weld restraint experienced in G-BOP than Y-groove test. For both the tests, the weld metal is found to be more susceptible to cracking than the heat affected zone. In addition to the diffusible hydrogen content of the welding consumables, diffusible hydrogen present in the G-BOP specimens prepared with different preheating and combinations of pre + post heat is also estimated by maintaining identical cooling conditions. The diffusible hydrogen in the weld for which no cracking is reported for G-BOP test (200 °C pre + post heat) is less than 1 ml/100 g. Considering the high restraint conditions present in the G-BOP test, it can be concluded that to prevent HAC in P91 steel, the choice of welding parameters (hydrogen content in welding consumable, heat input, pre/post-heating) should be such that diffusible hydrogen in the weld is brought down to below 1 ml/100 g. © 2019, International Institute of Welding.Item Failure analysis of service exposed austenitic stainless steel pipelines(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Sreevidya, N.; Abhijith, S.; Albert, S.K.; Vinod, V.; Banerjee, I.Several leaks appeared in Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS) pipelines installed for transporting water in a test loop after a few years of operation at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam. The locations of leaks were mostly on pipe fittings like bends, but a few were noticed on the pipe away from the fittings too. This paper presents the results of failure analysis carried out on leaking of pipes and fittings. Investigation carried out include optical as well as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron back scattered diffraction analysis and microhardness measurements. In addition, double loop electrochemical potentio-kinetic reactivation experiments were conducted on specimens extracted from the pipe side and fitting side of a weld that was found leaking. Further ASS pipe welds prepared with different surface finish conditions were exposed to the environment of the installed pipeline and surface degradation in these pipe welds were compared to reveal the effect of surface treatment on degradation of the welds. It is found that the sensitization along with residual stress generated during welding facilitated intergranular stress corrosion cracking in pipe fittings made of AISI 304 stainless steel resulting in the leaks observed in the pipe fittings. Cracks initiated from the corrosion pits present near the weld, which most likely would have formed due to improper cleaning given to the weld zone after completion of the weld. Leak observed in the pipe is attributed to the crevice corrosion that progressed from a defect present in the pipe making it grown across the thickness. The defect itself was result of an improper repair by arc welding, of a discontinuity that was found in the pipe. The pipe is produced from sheets by resistance welding and the origin of the discontinuity is the poor joint formation during resistance welding. The paper also gives recommendation on good fabrication practices to be followed so that similar kind of failures could be avoided in future. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Effect of preheating and post heating in reducing diffusible hydrogen content and hydrogen assisted cracking susceptibility of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2020) Chakraborty, G.; Rejeesh, R.; Zubairuddin, M.; Albert, S.K.The hydrogen assisted cracking susceptibility of Modified 9Cr–1Mo steel weld is evaluated by implant test by determining lower critical stress for different preheating and combination of pre, post heating conditions. The diffusible hydrogen present in the implant specimens for different test conditions is estimated. Residual stress distribution in the weld for different heating condition is estimated using SYSWELD software. For a combination of pre + post heating at 200°C, the diffusible hydrogen content of the weld comes down to 1.17 from 4.7 mL/100g and the lower critical stress of the implant specimen increases from 250 to 370 MPa. Preheating + post heating also brings down the peak tensile residual stress level in the weld joints and lowers the cracking susceptibility. © 2020 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Institute.Item Characterisation of hydrogen assisted cracking in modified 9Cr-1Mo steel welds using acoustic emission non destructive technique(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Haneef, T.K.; Chakraborty, G.; Rejeesh, R.; Mukhopadhyay, C.K.; Albert, S.K.This study aims a systematic experimental investigation using acoustic emission (AE) non-destructive technique for online monitoring of hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) in modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (P91 steel) welds during Gap-Bead on Plate (G-BOP) and implant tests. Welds made without preheating, with different preheating and combined pre and post heating were tested using G-BOP test. AE results of G-BOP tests have shown that time duration in which HAC active varies with temperature of preheating and combined pre and post heating. Reduction of AE activity in welds made with pre and post heating compared to those only made with preheating revealed a beneficial effect of the former in reducing HAC. In the case of implant tests, crack initiation and propagation are identified for different applied loads from the AE analysis. An attempt has been made to compare HAC during G-BOP tests and implant tests using AE frequency analysis. The dominant frequency of AE signals characteristic of HAC has been identified. This study shows the potential of using AE frequency analysis for online monitoring of hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) in welds. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.