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Item Permeation, Antifouling and desalination performance of TiO2 nanotube incorporated PSf/CS blend membranes(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; Ahmed, A.A.Polysulfone (PSf) and chitosan (CS) blend membranes were prepared by incorporating titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NT) in different compositions. The proper blending of PSf and CS in the PSf/CS/TiO2 membranes was confirmed by ATR-IR spectroscopy. The influence of nanotubes on morphology of membranes was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of nanotubes on hydrophilicity of the membranes was studied by water swelling and contact angle measurements. The distribution of TiO2NT on the membrane surface was determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis. The permeation property of PSf/CS/TiO2NT membranes was carried out by measuring the time dependent pure water flux (PWF). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein rejection studies were performed to know the antifouling properties. The rheological percolation threshold of PSf/CS/TiO2NT solutions was measured by viscosity studies. The nanotubes incorporated PSf/CS membranes showed enhanced permeation and antifouling properties compared to PSf/CS and nascent PSf ultrafiltration membranes. Membranes prepared well above rheological percolation threshold showed drastic reduction in pore size and acted as nanofiltration (NF) membranes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and characterization of PPEES/chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane(2013) Shenvi, S.S.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; A.F., A.F.; Kassim, M.A.; Isloor, A.M.Composite membrane having chitosan (CH) as the active layer supported on Poly(1,4-phenylene ether ether sulfone) (PPEES) membrane was synthesized in the current study. The chitosan layer was crosslinked by glutaraldehyde in two different concentrations. The scanning electron microscopic images and hydraulic permeability coefficient revealed the ultrafiltration (UF) nature of the neat PPEES membrane. This was used as a new support material for the casting of chitosan layer in order to get composite membranes. The composite nature of the PPEES/CH membranes was confirmed by FESEM and DSC analysis. The Infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the crosslinking of the chitosan surface by glutaraldehyde (GA). The changes in the hydrophobic nature of the PPEES membrane surface due to deposition of chitosan active layer followed by crosslinking were studied by their contact angle measurement and water flux study. From our studies, PPEES has proved to be a good support membrane for preparation of composite membranes. Increase in GA concentration increased the salt rejection of the membrane up to 34% for NaCl and 53% for MgSO4 on one hand with a simultaneous decrease in the flux values. The hydraulic permeability coefficient values confirmed that the prepared membranes are in nanofiltration range. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Polysulfone-Chitosan blend ultrafiltration membranes: Preparation, characterization, permeation and antifouling properties(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; Matsuura, T.Biocompatible and naturally occurring chitosan was used as an additive for the preparation of a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane. Two different compositions of polysulfone in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and chitosan in 1% acetic acid were blended to prepare PSf-CS ultrafiltration membranes by the diffusion induced phase separation (DIPS) method. The proper blending of polysulfone and chitosan in PSf-CS membranes was confirmed by ATR-IR analysis. The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The membrane hydrophilicity was determined by water uptake and contact angle measurements. The PSf-CS membrane showed an enhanced hydrophilicity compared to a PSf ultrafiltration membrane. The time dependent permeation studies revealed the improved flux of PSf-CS membranes. PSf-CS membranes were subjected to bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein rejection studies. An improved antifouling property was observed for PSf-CS blend membranes as compared to pristine PSf ultrafiltration membranes. Both the permeation and antifouling properties of PSf-CS membranes increased with an increase in chitosan composition. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.