Faculty Publications
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Item New CPS-PPEES blend membranes for CaCl2 and NaCl rejection(Techno Press technop2@chollian.net, 2012) Hegde, C.; Isloor, A.M.; Padaki, M.; A.F., A.F.; Lau, L.W.Carboxylated polysulfone (CPS), poly (1,4-phenylene ether ethersulfone) (PPEES), membranes were prepared and used for the separation of NaCl and CaCl2 in efficient way with less energy consumption. In this work, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were employed to the salt rejection behavior of the different salt solutions. The influence of applied pressure (1-12 bar), on the membrane performance was assessed. In CM series of membranes, CM1 showed maximum of 97% water uptake and 36% water swelling, whereas, CM4 showed 75% water uptake and 28% water swelling. In RCM series, RCM1 showed 85% water uptake and 32% water swelling whereas, in RCM4 it was 68% for water uptake and 20% for water swelling. Conclusively reverse osmosis membranes gave better rejection whereas nanofiltration membrane showed enhanced flux. CM1 showed 58% of rejection with 12L/(m2h) flux and RCM1 showed 55% of rejection with 15L/(m2h) flux for 0.1wt.% NaCl solution. Whereas, in 0.1wt.% CaCl22 solution, membrane CM11 showed 78% of rejection with 12L/(m2h) flux and RCM1 showed 63% rejection with flux of 9L/(m2h).Item Studies on copper coated polysulfone/modified poly isobutylene alt-maleic anhydride blend membrane and its antibiofouling property(2013) Isloor, A.M.; Ganesh, B.M.; Isloor, S.; A.F., A.F.; Nagaraj, H.S.; Pattabi, M.As nanofiltration is gaining more and more importance in the field of desalination, one has to address the many obstacles in order to achieve effective/efficient filtration. One such issue is biofouling and microbial attack to the membrane. This paper describes about the study on copper coating onto the membrane surface as biofouling protective layer. This is an attempt to come up with a new approach for desalination and an antimicrobial membrane. The work indicates that, the copper coated membrane can resist the possible microbial attack to some extent while maintaining good salt rejection and appreciable flux. SEM and EDX studies had shown the distribution of copper on the membrane surface. The copper coated membrane had shown the maximum salt rejection of about 96% for 3500ppm NaCl solution and also it had shown the pure water flux of 36Lm-2h-1. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Enhanced hydrophilicity and salt rejection study of graphene oxide-polysulfone mixed matrix membrane(2013) Ganesh, B.M.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.Graphene oxide (GO) dispersed polysulfone (PSf) mixed matrix membranes were prepared by wet phase inversion method. The morphology of membranes was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The variation in hydrophilicity was studied by measuring surface wettability and water swelling experiments. The performance of membranes in terms of pure water flux and salt rejection was studied. SEM images depict enhanced macrovoids, while the contact angle data reveals that, GO incorporated membrane surface is moderately hydrophilic. Membranes exhibited improved salt rejection after GO doping. Membrane with 2000ppm GO loading has exhibited maximum of 72% Na2SO4 rejection at 4bar applied pressure. The salt rejection seems to depend on pH of the feed solution and it has been witnessed that the salt rejection showed an increasing trend with increase in the pH. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Permeation, Antifouling and desalination performance of TiO2 nanotube incorporated PSf/CS blend membranes(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; Ahmed, A.A.Polysulfone (PSf) and chitosan (CS) blend membranes were prepared by incorporating titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NT) in different compositions. The proper blending of PSf and CS in the PSf/CS/TiO2 membranes was confirmed by ATR-IR spectroscopy. The influence of nanotubes on morphology of membranes was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of nanotubes on hydrophilicity of the membranes was studied by water swelling and contact angle measurements. The distribution of TiO2NT on the membrane surface was determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis. The permeation property of PSf/CS/TiO2NT membranes was carried out by measuring the time dependent pure water flux (PWF). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein rejection studies were performed to know the antifouling properties. The rheological percolation threshold of PSf/CS/TiO2NT solutions was measured by viscosity studies. The nanotubes incorporated PSf/CS membranes showed enhanced permeation and antifouling properties compared to PSf/CS and nascent PSf ultrafiltration membranes. Membranes prepared well above rheological percolation threshold showed drastic reduction in pore size and acted as nanofiltration (NF) membranes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and characterization of PPEES/chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane(2013) Shenvi, S.S.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; A.F., A.F.; Kassim, M.A.; Isloor, A.M.Composite membrane having chitosan (CH) as the active layer supported on Poly(1,4-phenylene ether ether sulfone) (PPEES) membrane was synthesized in the current study. The chitosan layer was crosslinked by glutaraldehyde in two different concentrations. The scanning electron microscopic images and hydraulic permeability coefficient revealed the ultrafiltration (UF) nature of the neat PPEES membrane. This was used as a new support material for the casting of chitosan layer in order to get composite membranes. The composite nature of the PPEES/CH membranes was confirmed by FESEM and DSC analysis. The Infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the crosslinking of the chitosan surface by glutaraldehyde (GA). The changes in the hydrophobic nature of the PPEES membrane surface due to deposition of chitosan active layer followed by crosslinking were studied by their contact angle measurement and water flux study. From our studies, PPEES has proved to be a good support membrane for preparation of composite membranes. Increase in GA concentration increased the salt rejection of the membrane up to 34% for NaCl and 53% for MgSO4 on one hand with a simultaneous decrease in the flux values. The hydraulic permeability coefficient values confirmed that the prepared membranes are in nanofiltration range. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and performance studies of polysulfone-sulfated nano-titania (S-TiO2) nanofiltration membranes for dye removal(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Pereira, V.R.; Isloor, A.M.; Bhat, K.U.; A.F., A.F.; AlObaid, A.; Fun, H.-K.Polysulfone nanofiltration membranes containing sulfated nano-titania (S-TiO2) were fabricated, with the aim to enhance the membrane properties along with the possible rejection of Methylene Blue (MB) dye by membranes. Initially S-TiO2 was synthesized from nano TiO2 by the action of sulfuric acid. The synthesized S-TiO2 was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy Dispersive Spectrophotometry (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. S-TiO2 was added in increasing concentrations into the membranes and its effect on the performance of the membranes was evaluated. The synthesized membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Polysulfone membranes containing S-TiO2 showed enhancement in properties in terms of hydrophilicity, water uptake, mechanical strength, improved pure water flux (PWF), antifouling nature and high Flux Recovery Ratio (FRR). The polysulfone membranes with S-TiO2 showed 99% rejection for BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) protein molecules during BSA filtration. The prepared membranes were used for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions. A maximum of 90.4% rejection was obtained for MB for the membrane having 2.0 wt% of S-TiO2 under UV light radiation. This approach showed that polysulfone-S-TiO2 membranes displayed good efficiency for dye removal and can be effectively used for the removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions under suitable conditions. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Improved desalination by polyamide membranes containing hydrophilic glutamine and glycine(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2019) Kolangare, I.M.; Isloor, A.M.; Siddique, I.; Asiri, A.M.; A.F., A.F.Water desalination and recycling of wastewater is a key challenge to meet water shortage issues. Thin film composite polyamide membranes are widely used for desalination; however, their low permeability due to a poor hydrophilicity is a major drawback. Here, we designed novel thin film composite membranes having good hydrophilicity, permeability, and stability without compromising solute rejection. We improved the membrane hydrophilicity by incorporation of hydrophilic additives, such as glycine and l-glutamine, into the polyamide layer. Hence polyamide-based flat sheet membranes were fabricated via interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride and then were coated over a polysulfone/sulfonated polyphenylsulfone (85:15) support. Polyamide membranes were then characterized and tested for desalination. Results show that the ridge and valley structure observed by scanning electron microscopy confirms the formation of the polyamide layer on membrane surface. The performance reached the highest pure water flux of 36.23 Lm?2 h?1 and flux recovery ratio of 89.18% for membranes with 2 wt% of l-glutamine. Incorporation of 2 wt% l-glutamine induced a high permeate flux and a maximum rejection of 87.87% for MgSO4, 83.50% for Na2SO4 and 60.77% for NaCl solutions. Overall, the polyamide nanofiltration membrane with hydrophilic groups displayed superior antifouling property and can be used as a potential candidate for desalination. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.