Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/19884
Browse
34 results
Search Results
Item Spatial and temporal variations in water quality, major ions and trace metals(2007) Deepa, V.J.; Balakrishna, K.; Mugeraya, G.; Srinkethan, G.; Krishnakumar, P.K.Godavari river at Rajahmundry is monitored for a period of seven months at five stations along its course for the physicochemical parameters, major ions and trace metals. This study is made to obtain a baseline data of the existing pollutants in this 'hotspot', which is set to become the industrial hub of Andhra Pradesh. Results indicate that A P Paper Mills may not be polluting the river at this period, contrary to what was expected. Clear picture will emerge, once the data for the rainy season is available. Local pollution from detergents and soap in the river is seen in the downstream (station VIP) as lot of bathing and washing activity is done on the banks. There is no pollution of Cu, Ni, Pb, As and Co in the Godavari river at Rajahmundry. In general the pollutant levels in all the stations analysed is within the prescribed limits set by BIS and WHO standards. Copyright © Enviromedia.Item Prediction of water quality indices by regression analysis and artificial neural networks(2008) Rene, E.R.; Saidutta, M.B.The quality of wastewater generated in any process industry is generally indicated by performance indices namely BOD, COD and TOC, expressed in mg/L. The use of TOC as an analytical parameter has become more cornmon in recent years especially for the treatment of industrial wastewater. In this study, several empirical relationships were established between BOD and COD with TOC using regression analysis, so that TOC can be used to estimate the accompanying BOD or COD. A new, the use of Artificial Neural Networks has been explored in this study to predict the concentrations of BOD and COD, well in advance using some easily measurable water quality indices. The total data points obtained from a refinery wastewater (143) were divided into a training set consisting of 103 data points, while the remaining 40 were used as the test data. A total of 12 different models (Al-A12) were tested using different combinations of network architecture. These models were evaluated using the % Average Relative Error values of the test set. It was observed that three models gave accurate and reliable results, indicating the versatility of the developed models.Item Simulation of varada aquifer system for sustainable groundwater development(2008) Ramesh, H.; Mahesha, A.Groundwater flow modeling has been used extensively worldwide with varying degrees of success. The ability to predict the groundwater flow is critical in planning and implementing groundwater development projects under increasing demand for fresh water resources. This paper presents the simulation of the aquifer system for planning the groundwater development of Varada basin, Karnataka, India using the Galerkin finite-element method. The government of Karnataka State, India is implementing the World Bank assisted project, "Jal Nirmal" for a sustainable development of the region, thereby ensuring a safe supply of drinking water to the northern districts of the state. Varada basin is one of the beneficiaries of the project in Haveri district. Field tests carried out in the study area indicate that the region is predominantly a confined aquifer with transmissivity and storage coefficients ranging from 5.787×10-6m2/s (0.500 m2/day) to 4.213×10-3m2/s (3.640×102m2/day) and 0.011-0.001× 10-2, respectively. This study mainly emphasizes the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater potential under different developmental scenarios. The model predictions were reasonably good with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.91 with the root mean square error of about 0.46-0.78 during calibration and validation. The stated accuracies are based on comparisons between measured and calculated heads. The outcome of the study would be a useful input for the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater planning for the sustainable development of the region. © 2008 ASCE.Item Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India(2008) Avvannavar, S.M.; Shrihari, S.An attempt has been made to develop water quality index (WQI), using six water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD), Most Probable Number (MPN), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH measured at eight different stations along the river basin. Rating curves were drawn based on the tolerance limits of inland waters and health point of view. Bhargava WQI method and Harmonic Mean WQI method were used to find overall WQI along the stretch of the river basin. Five point rating scale was used to classify water quality in each of the study areas. It was found that the water quality of Netravathi varied from Excellent to Marginal range by Bhargava WQI method and Excellent to Poor range by Harmonic Mean WQI method. It was observed that the impact of human activity was severe on most of the parameters. The MPN values exceeded the tolerable limits at almost all the stations. It was observed that the main cause of deterioration in water quality was due to the lack of proper sanitation, unprotected river sites and high anthropogenic activities. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.Item Feasibility of gurpur river at Malavoor as a sink for Bajpe town domestic waste disposal - A case study(2009) Babu Narayan, K.S.B.; Kumar, J.P.; Yaragal, S.C.; Shrihari, S.Mangalore is one of the fast growing cities in Karnataka with improved infrastructure taking place in recent days. In view of rapid development in and around Mangalore city, the sub urban or rural areas around the city have started developing at a rapid rate. One such place is Bajpe where the town is growing very fast due to the expansion of activity of Bajpe Airport and upcoming SEZ projects. An attempt has been made to find out the load on River Gurupur, if the Bajpe town domestic waste is assumed to be disposed to River Gurupur at Malavoor bridge point downstream without any treatment. Experiments were conducted to find the parameters used to find out the dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption and replenishment in teh river body using BOD-DO river quality model developed by Streeter-Phelps (1925). Model formulation, analysis and the results obtained are discussed in the paper. Copyright © Enviromedia.Item Global water quality indices for river Gurpur, Karnataka State, India(2010) Rajagopal, B.; Shrihari, S.; Dwarakish, G.S.Three water quality indices viz. Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI), Health Water Quality Index (HWQI) and Acceptability Water Quality Index (AWQI) were developed by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) under the Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water for global comparison of quality of water sources. In this paper these three global water quality indices were determined for River Gurpur, in Karnataka state of India. Gurpur is one of the important west flowing rivers of India and is the source for industrial needs of fast developing Mangalore city. River water samples were collected from Gurpur River at Gurpur Bridge on National Highway -13 near Mangalore monthly from November 2006 to October 2007. The samples were analyzed for sixteen physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. The global water quality indices determined for river Gurpur can be designated as 'Fair' during the study period. The seasonal variation in global water quality indices ranged from 'Marginal' to 'Excellent'. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item A comprehensive assessment of increased iron ore production on the environment - A case study(2011) Thimmaiah, S.A.; Rao, Y.; Murthy, C.H.S.N.There has been a significant increase in iron ore production in the Bellary- Hospet-Sandur sector of Karnataka, India due to sudden increase in the demand of iron ore from other countries as well as by local steel plants set up in the region. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect of increase in the iron ore production on various environmental parameters like air, water, soil and noise. For this purpose a study area of 10 Km radius was taken and the various environmental parameters were monitored before and after increase in iron ore production in the region. Study shows that there is no significant change in the air quality in terms of SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx in the region. In many locations, there is decrease in the concentrations of these parameters. This is mainly due to improvement of roads by asphalting, effective covering of iron ore trucks by tarpaulin, awareness among mine owners about the protection of environment by following various pollution control measures, dust suppression measures on the public road using water sprinklers and stringent monitoring of the environmental protective measures by various regulatory authorities. The concentration of SO2 and NOx was found to increase due to increase in traffic by movement of tippers in the public/village road. The deployment of heavy earth moving machinery at mine site also contributed for increase of SO2 and NOx. The surface water quality parameters were found to be within the acceptable limits in the study area. There is no possibility of disturbing/altering ground water table due to mining operations as the mining is being carried out on hill top which is above the general ground level. In agricultural soil, except that of potassium and electrical conductivity, variations in other parameters are insignificant as the agricultural lands are located 2 to 3 Kms away from the active mining area. Increase in noise level is found at most of the locations of the study area. Therefore, serious attempts should be made by mine owners as well as statutory bodies to reduce the sound level at various locations for increasing the quality of life in these locations in terms of sound level. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA technical society. All right reserved.Item Assessment of water quality of river Ganga along ghats in Varanasi city, U. P., India(2011) Thomas, T.; Mishra, M.; Thomas, H.; David, A.A.; Bharose, R.; Venkat Reddy, D.Assessment of water quality was done in holy River Ganga district of Varanasi, (U.P.) India in 2009. Water samples were collected from fives different sites namely (S 1)- Samne Ghat, (S 2)- Assi Ghat, (S 3)- Harishchandra Ghat, (S 4)- Dasaswamedh Ghat, (S 5)- Dr. Rajendra Prashad Ghat. The Ganga, one of the world's major rivers, has been venerated as the holiest and is bound with countless beliefs and faiths especially in India and adjacent countries. Its water has traditionally been regarded as pure and holy in nature gift to human. Recent experiences however do not warrant such complacency. The water resources are strained to a non-sustainable level due to rapid population growth, urban development, industrialization; livestock and power production on the Ganga Ghats at Varanasi city. The severe pollution stress and causes to which its water is subjected to the contents and quality of water and possible remedial measures. According to the result obtained by analyzing various Physico-chemical parameters of Ganga river in Varanasi City, maximum BOD recoded in (S 2)- Assi Ghat and minimum in (S 1)- Samne ghat whereas maximum DO was observed in Samne Ghat and minimum in (S 2)- Assi Ghat during Jan to March 2009 period respectively. On the basis of our experimental results it can be concluded that (S 2)- Assi Ghat exhibited higher pollution index than other ghats due to higher values of Turbidity, pH, BOD, Hardness, Alkalinity and Nitrate disposal occurring at (S 2)- Assi Ghat as well as disposal of industrial sewage in the (S 2)- Assi Ghat. Regular monitoring of Ganga river water quality is necessary to have a check on surface water quality for the sake of human life & to maintain a balanced aesthetical value of religious. We have to restore the environmental quality of Ganga which is amended by policy makers of Indian constitution. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.