Journal Articles
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Item Phase transformation, structural evolution and mechanical property of nanostructured FeAl as a result of mechanical alloying(2009) Rajath Hegde, M.M.R.; Surendranathan, A.O.Objective of the work was to synthesize nanostructured FeAl alloy powder by mechanical alloying (MEA). The work concentrated on synthesis, characterization, structural and mechanical properties of the alloy. Nanostructured FeAl intermetallics were prepared directly by MEA in a high energy rate ball mill. Milling was performed under toluene solution to avoid contamination from the milling media and atmosphere. Mixtures of elemental Fe and Al were progressively transformed into a partially disordered solid solution with an average composition of Fe-50 at % Al. Phase transformation, structural changes, morphology, particle size measurement and chemical composition during MEA were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) respectively. Vickers micro hardness (VMH) indentation tests were performed on the powders. XRD and SEM studies revealed the alloying of elemental powders as well as transition to nanostructured alloy, crystallite size of 18 nm was obtained after 28 hours of milling. Expansion/contraction in lattice parameter accompanied by reduction in crystallite size occurs during transition to nanostructured alloy. Longer milling duration introduces ordering in the alloyed powders as proved by the presence of superlattice reflection. Elemental and alloyed phase coexist while hardness increased during MEA. © 2009 Allerton Press, Inc.Item Effect of Cement and Quarry Dust on Shear Strength and Hydraulic Characteristics of Lithomargic Clay(2012) Nayak, S.; Sarvade, P.G.The lithomargic clay constitutes an important group of residual soils existing under lateritic soils. This soil is found on the western and eastern coasts of India over large areas. This soil is a problematic one and is very sensitive to water and loses a greater part of its strength when becomes saturated. These high silt deposits have invited many problems such as slope failures, foundation failures, embankment failures, uneven settlements etc. In this investigation an attempt is made to study the effect of cement and quarry dust on shear strength and hydraulic characteristics of the lithomargic clay after the stabilization. Microfabric and mineralogical studies were carried out to find out the reason for the strength development of the stabilized soil using SEM and XRD analysis. The results indicated that there is an improvement in the properties of the lithomargic clay with the addition of cement and quarry dust. The XRD results indicated the formation of CSH and CAH, which are responsible for strength development in the stabilized soil. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.Item Solar photocatalysis for treatment of Acid Yellow-17 (AY-17) dye contaminated water using Ag@TiO2 core-shell structured nanoparticles(2013) Khanna, A.; Shetty K, K.Wastewater released from textile industries causes water pollution, and it needs to be treated before discharge to the environment by cost effective technologies. Solar photocatalysis is a promising technology for the treatment of dye wastewater. The Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles comprising of Ag core and TiO2 shell (Ag@TiO2) have unique photocatalytic property of inhibition of electron-hole recombination and visible light absorption, which makes it a promising photocatalyst for use in solar photocatalysis and with higher photocatalytic rate. Therefore, in the present work, the Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by one pot method with postcalcination step has been used for the degradation of Acid Yellow-17 (AY-17) dye under solar light irradiation. The Ag@TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The catalyst has been found to be very effective in solar photocatalysis of AY-17, as compared to other catalysts. The effects of pH, catalyst loading, initial dye concentration, and oxidants on photocatalysis were also studied. The optimized parameters for degradation of AY-17 using Ag@TiO2 were found to be pH 3, dye/catalyst ratio of 1:10 (g/g), and 2 g/L of (NH4)2S2O8 as oxidant. Efficient decolorization and mineralization of AY-17 was achieved. The kinetics of color, total organic carbon, and chemical oxygen demand removal followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Ag@TiO2 catalyst can be reused thrice without much decline in efficiency. The catalyst exhibited its potential as economic photocatalyst for treatment of dye wastewater. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item Syntheses, crystal structures and antimicrobial studies of two new semicarbazone derivatives(2014) Chia, T.S.; Ching Kheng, C.K.; Ooi, C.W.; Garudachari, B.; Isloor, N.A.; Isloor, A.M.; Fun, H.-K.Two new derivatives of semicarbazone, (E)-2-(hexan-2-ylidene) hydrazinecarboxamide and (E)-2-(heptan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarboxamide were synthesized and characterized by IR and 1H NMR. Their crystal structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction method. Compound (I) crystallizes in triclinic P 1 ?, a = 6.7679(7) Å, b = 7.1912(8) Å, c = 9.9969(11) Å, ? = 108.824(2), ? = 99.398(3), ? = 92.680(2), V = 451.75(8) Å3, Z = 2, R 1 = 0.043 and wR 2 = 0.140. Compound (II) crystallizes in triclinic P 1 ?, a = 6.7192(6) Å, b = 7.2094(6) Å, c = 11.2842(11) Å, ? = 103.303(2), ? = 106.198(2), ? = 91.219(1), V = 508.70(8) Å3, Z = 2, R 1 = 0.044 and wR 2 = 0.133. Their molecules adopt a L-shape conformation with C atom in C=N double bond acting as the junction point. The C=O double bond indicate the existence of semicarbazone group in keto-like form for both compounds in their solid state. In the crystal, the carbonyl O atom for both derivatives acts as a common acceptor in the intermolecular bifurcated N-H·O hydrogen bonding which linked the molecules into one-dimensional supramolecular ribbons. Antimicrobial studies by serial dilution method showed both compounds exhibit antibacterial property. Graphical Abstract: Two new semicarbazone derivatives are characterized by IR, 1H NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods and their antibacterial activity was further investigated by screening against four different bacterial strains.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.Item Structural characterization and nonlinear optical properties of 1-phenyl-3-(4-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)-2-propen-1-one(Maik Nauka Publishing / Springer SBM compmg@maik.ru, 2015) Sankaraperumal, A.; Nityananda Shetty, A.N.; Karthikeyan, J.A new chalcone derivative 1-phenyl-3-(4-bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)-2-propen-1-one with the molecular formula C19H19Cl2NO is synthesized by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. A transparent yellow single crystal was obtained by the slow evaporation solution growth technique using ethanol at room temperature. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system, P-1 space group, Z = 4, calculated density = 1.332 mg/m3, V = 1736.00(8) Å3 with unit cell parameters a = 7.8899(2) Å, b = 14.1924(4) Å, c = 15.7879(4) Å, ? = 83.1280(10)°, ? = 81.929(2)°, ? =86.4820°. The second harmonic generation efficiency is found to be 1.5 times higher than that of urea. Thermal stability of the crystal is found to be 250°C determined from the thermogravimetric analysis. The FT-IR spectroscopy is used to identify the functional groups of the synthesized compound. The optical behavior of the grown crystal is examined by the UV-visible spectral analysis, which shows that the absorbance is almost negligible in the wavelength range 400-1300 nm. © 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Item Microstructure evolution in AZ61 alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing(Hindawi Publishing Corporation 410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, 287 pmb New York NY 10022, 2016) Muralidhar, M.; Narendranath, S.; Mashamba, M.Magnesium and its alloys are finding increasing use in aerospace, automobile, nuclear, electrical, and structural engineering applications because of their high strength-to-weight ratio when compared to aluminum, titanium, and steel. In this work, AZ61 wrought magnesium alloy was processed using equal channel angular pressing at three different temperatures of 483, 523, and 573 K using up to four equal channel angular pressing passes. A microstructural study was conducted by measuring the average grain size after each pass, for the three different processing temperatures. The mechanical properties of the processed samples were noted to improve due to the reduction in the grain size after each equal channel angular pressing pass. After four equal channel angular pressing passes, the average grain size of the AZ61 samples was found to be reduced to 85%, 81%, and 70% for the pressing temperatures of 483, 523, and 573 K, respectively. The tensile strength of the AZ61 alloy increased with increase in the number of equal channel angular pressing passes for each of the temperatures when compared to as-received alloy. For instance, for the processing temperatures of 483, 523, and 573 K, the tensile strength increased by 24%, 10%, and 12%, respectively, at four equal channel angular pressing passes. Also, the percentage elongation of the alloy was increased with increase in processing temperatures. Moreover, fracture topographies of the tensile surfaces are illustrated through scanning electron microcopy and reveal ductile fracture than as-received alloy for four passes at each equal channel angular pressing processing temperature. © The Author(s) 2016.Item Chitosan composites reinforced with nanostructured waste fly ash(Springer Japan, 2017) Patil, A.G.; Poornachandra, S.; Gumageri, R.; Rajkumar, K.; Anandhan, S.This paper outlines the preparation and characterization of chitosan (CS) composites reinforced with mechano-chemically activated fly ash (MCA-FA). A series of composite films was prepared by solution casting method with varying filler content. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed good compatibility between the CS matrix and MCA-FA. The surface roughness and irregularity in shape of MCA-FA resulted in its efficient mechanical interlocking with the polymer matrix. This, in turn enhanced the mechanical properties of these composites. All the composite films exhibited a higher tensile strength and a lower percentage of elongation-at-break compared with the pure CS film. The highest tensile strength was observed for the composite films with 1 wt% of filler loading and the reduction in the tensile properties at higher filler loading was due to agglomeration of filler and polymer–filler interface debonding. The tensile strength data were analyzed using Nielsen and Pukanzsky models to understand the interface formation and polymer–filler interactions. Thermal properties showed a marginal improvement due to the incorporation of MCA-FA. Overall, this study indicates that MCA-FA could be used as value added filler in polymer matrix composites. © 2016, Springer Japan.Item X-ray diffraction analysis of hydroxyapatite-coated in different plasma gas atmosphere on Ti and Ti-6Al-4V(Medknow Publications subscription@eurjdent.com B9, Kanara Business Centre, off Link Road, Ghatkopar (E) Mumbai 400 075, 2017) Kotian, R.; Rao, P.P.; Madhyastha, P.Objective: The aim is to study the effect of plasma working gas on composition, crystallinity, and microstructure of hydroxyapatite (HA) coated on Ti and Ti-6Al-4V metal substrates. Materials and Methods: Ti and Ti-6Al-4V metal substrates were coated with HA by plasma spray using four plasma gas atmospheres of argon, argon/hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen/hydrogen. The degree of crystallinity, the phases present, and microstructure of HA coating were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Variation in crystallinity and the microstructure of HA coating on plasma gas atmosphere was observed. Micro-cracks due to thermal stresses and shift in the 2? angle of HA compared to feedstock was seen. Conclusion: Plasma gas atmosphere has a significant influence on composition, crystallinity, and micro-cracks of HA-coated dental implants. © 2017 European Journal of Dentistry.Item Biosynthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles using endophytic fungus Aspergillus nidulans(Academic Press, 2018) Vijayanandan, A.S.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.Metallic oxide nanoparticles have profound applications in electrochemical devices, supercapacitors, biosensors and batteries. Though four fungi were isolated from Nothapodytes foetida, Aspergillus nidulans was found to be suitable for synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles, as it has proficient tolerance towards metal under study. The broth containing precursor solution and organism Aspergillus nidulans had changed from pink to orange indicating the formation of nanoparticles. Characterization by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) confirmed the formation of spinel cobalt oxide nanoparticles at an average size of 20.29 nm in spherical shape with sulfur-bearing proteins acting as a capping agent for the synthesized nanoparticles. The nanoparticles could be applied in energy storage, as a specific capacitance of 389 F/g showed competence. The study was a greener attempt to synthesize cobalt oxide nanoparticles using endophytic fungus. © 2018 Elsevier LtdItem Interfacial bonding of plasma-coated hydroxyapatite on titanium and Ti-6AI-4V(Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, 2018) Kotian, R.; Rao, P.; Madhyastha, P.Aim: The study aimed to understand the interfacial bonding and diffusion of elements between substrate metal and HA-coated titanium implants in different plasma gas atmosphere. Materials and methods: Commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V substrate metals were coated with hydroxyapatite by plasma spray in plasma gas atmospheres of argon, argon/ hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen/hydrogen. The microstructure and interfacial bonding between the metal substrate and HA coating were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispensive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and X-ray diffraction. Results: The analyses of the coatings obtained showed a different microstructural pattern of HA and diffusion of elements across the interface of metal and HA coating and chemical bonding for all plasma gas atmospheres. Conclusion: The plasma-coating atmosphere influences the microstructure and crystallization of HA. Diffusion of elements from metal substrate to HA coating and coating to metal surface indicate chemical bonding between the metal and coating in addition to usual mechanical bonding. Clinical significance: Bonding between the metal substrate and HA coating play a significant role in the stability of the dental implant. In addition to mechanical bonding, the plasma coated implants show some amount of chemical bonding at the interface. © 2018, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. All rights reserved.