Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/19884
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Item Performance comparison of MANET routing protocols(2010) Kumar, J.; Kulkarni, M.; Gupta, D.A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any existing infrastructure. Since not many MANETs are currently deployed, research in this area is simulation based. We have compared different routing protocols like DSR, DSDV, AODV to study the mobility characteristics of different scenarios in which MANETs may be deployed. Evaluation of the impact of different mobility models on the performance of these routing protocols is carried out, based upon different parameters-throughput, Packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, and offered traffic load. Also, mobility models are compared based on these performance parameters in various routing protocols. © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.Item Energy efficient routing protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey(2011) Shivaprakasha, K.S.; Kulkarni, M.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become one of the emerging trends of the modern communication systems. They find their applications in various fields like habitat monitoring, home automation, environment monitoring, battle field environment etc. WSNs are different from Mobile Adhoc Networks in the perspective of energy awareness, adaptive communication patterns and the routing algorithms. As the sensor devices are powered by batteries, which cannot be recharged often, the power awareness is one of the major requirements in WSNs. Many energy aware routing protocols have been proposed in the literature. In this survey, an attempt has been made to summarize the various energy aware routing protocols available in the literature and also a comparative analysis of these has been made considering various network parameters like the delay, routing overhead, QoS, type of routing protocol etc. © 2011 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.Item Digital signature-based secure node disjoint multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks(2012) Shiva Murthy, G.; D'Souza, R.J.; Varaprasad, G.The objective of energy efficient routing protocol is to increase the operational lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. Multipath routing protocols enhance the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks by distributing traffic among multiple paths instead of a single optimal path. Transmission of secured data is also an important research concern in the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, a secure node disjoint multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed. Here, the data packets are transmitted in a secure manner by using the digital signature crypto system. It is compared with an ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol. It shows better results in terms of packet delivery fraction, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay compared to the ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing. © 2012 IEEE.Item Design and evaluation of load balanced termite: A novel load aware bio inspired routing protocol for mobile Ad Hoc network(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) Manjappa, M.; Guddeti, G.Bio inspired computing based on Swarm Intelligence is successful in dealing with the networking problems such as routing, congestion and load balancing by finding an optimal path to the destination. Most of the existing bio inspired protocols for MANETs focused only on the routing problem. In this paper, a novel heuristic bio inspired routing with load balancing algorithm referred to as Load Balanced Termite (LB-Termite) is proposed for MANETs by exploiting the salient features of social insect, "Termites". The primary objective of the LB-Termite algorithm is to find the stable nodes and thereby giving preferences for these stable nodes during the path setup; thus finding the reliable route to the destination. The secondary objective of the proposed LB-Termite algorithm is to mitigate the stagnation problem by using pheromone heuristic control method. The simulation results of LB-Termite are compared with other state-of-the-art bio inspired routing algorithms (ACO based Simple Ant Routing Algorithm and the Termite algorithm) and non bio inspired (Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Algorithm) routing protocols for its performance evaluation and the results are found to be encouraging. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.Item Bat-termite: A novel hybrid bio inspired routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks(Inderscience Publishers, 2014) Manjappa, M.; Guddeti, R.M.R.In this paper, the authors have proposed a novel hybrid bio-inspired routing protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), referred to as bat-termite, by combining the unique features of both social insect termites and mammals bats. The primary objective of the proposed work is to design an adaptive routing protocol for MANETs based on the hill building nature of the termites. The secondary objective of the proposed work is to improve the backup route maintenance of the proposed algorithm using the echo-location feature of the bats. The proposed bat-termite algorithm exhibits superior routing features such as quick route discovery, high robustness with efficient management of multiple routes and rapid route repair. The bat-termite algorithm is simulated in NS-2 and the simulation results are compared with the bio-inspired (termite and D-Termite) and non bio-inspired (AODV and AOMDV) routing protocols from the performance evaluation point of view. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Range adjustable hybrid multi path routing algorithm for WSNs(Inderscience Publishers, 2017) Nishant, J.D.; Kulkarni, M.; Shivaprakasha, K.S.Node disjoint multipath routing is an effectiveway to achieve reliability and load balancing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, an attempt has been made in proposing a novel node disjoint multipath routing algorithm, the range adjustable hybrid multipath (RAHM). RAHM uses hybrid routing approach. The centralised node disjoint path selection is based on the objective of minimising the end to end communication drain on each path. The localised distributed route reconfiguration initiates on the node failure events and the route re-establishment is based on the objective of residual energy of the nodes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated through simulations and compared with collection tree protocol (CTP) and multipath ring routing protocol. RAHM performs around 36% and 76% better in terms of network lifetime parameter compared to CTP and multipath ring routing protocol respectively. © 2017 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item A Performance Evaluation of Location Prediction Position-Based Routing Using Real GPS Traces for VANET(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2018) Jaiswal, R.K.; Jaidhar, C.D.Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is an emerging paradigm for road transportation which minimizes traffic, accidents and improves fuel efficiency. VANET uses the position of the vehicle obtained from satellite system such as global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system, Compass and Galileo as a location id in position-based routing protocol. The position obtained from the satellite system is likely to have an error due to environmental and technical issues which effect the routing performance. Thus, this paper proposes a position-based routing protocol which uses Kalman filter based location prediction technique to improve routing performance by minimizing location error. The routing protocol performance is evaluated on NS-3.23 simulator with real time GPS traces and simulator generated mobility on Two-ray ground and Winner-II propagation model for 500 m transmission range. Further, performance is compared with other prediction-based routing protocol on the metrics of packet delivery ratio, average delay and throughput. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Enhanced mobility aware routing protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2019) Sanshi, S.; Jaidhar, C.D.Due to the technological advancement in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), sensor node mobility becomes a basic requirement for many extensive applications. Routing protocol designed for LLNs must ensure real-time data transmission with minimum power consumption. However, the existing mobility support protocols cannot work efficiently in LLNs as they are unable to adapt to the change in the network topology quickly. Therefore, we propose an Enhanced Routing Protocol for LLNs (ERPL), which updates the Preferred Parent (PP) of the Mobile Node (MN) quickly whenever the MN moves away from the already selected PP. Further, a new objective function that takes the mobility of the node into an account while selecting a PP is proposed. Performance of the ERPL has been evaluated with the varying system and traffic parameters under different topologies similar to most of the real-life networks. The simulation results showed that the proposed ERPL reduced the power consumption, packet overhead, latency and increased the packet delivery ratio as compared to other existing works. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Enhanced mobility routing protocol for wireless sensor network(Springer, 2020) Sanshi, S.; Jaidhar, C.D.Recently, the routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) was standardized and is considered as the default standard for routing over the low power and lossy networks. However, it has not been optimized to work effectively, especially under mobility, and suffers from frequent disconnections that result in packet loss and increased energy consumption. In this paper, an enhanced mobility routing protocol for wireless sensor network (EM-RPL) that incorporates modules to support the mobility of nodes has been proposed. The main goal of the EM-RPL is to increase network reliability and efficiency by selecting a route that is more stable and reduces the frequency of route discovery process. The performance of the proposed EM-RPL has been evaluated in the Contiki-based Cooja simulator and compared with the performance of other protocols that support mobility in the RPL. The simulation results demonstrated that the EM-RPL improves the packet delivery ratio and minimizes power consumption by allowing the mobile nodes to select a more stable path. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Location-Free Void Avoidance Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks(Springer, 2022) Nazareth, P.; Chandavarkar, B.R.The field of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) is one of the emerging areas of communication due to the number of marine applications. However, UASNs face several fundamental challenges like node movement, high propagation delay, low throughput, high bit-error-rate, low bandwidth, and void-node during communication. Void-node during routing is one of the major problems during routing, which causes high end-to-end delay to route the packets to the sink. The void-node is a fundamental challenge in UASNs and directly influences the UASNs in terms of the end-to-end delay, packet loss, and reliability of the UASNs. The main objective of this paper is to design a void-aware routing protocol referred to as Location-Free Void Avoidance Routing (LFVAR) protocol. It develops void-awareness among nodes in the UASNs and prevents forwarding of the packets to void and trap nodes. Further, LFVAR capable of selecting the efficient void-recovery path for the void-nodes present in the UASNs. Thus, it aims at reducing the end-to-end delay, lower energy consumption, higher packet delivery ratio, and increasing throughput during routing. The LFVAR protocol is implemented in UnetStack and further compared with the state-of-the-art Interference-aware routing (Intar) protocol. The simulation result shows that the packets in LFVAR reach the sink 32.32 % faster, consumes 20.54 % lower energy, and 9.8 % higher packet delivery ratio than Intar. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.