Journal Articles
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Item Role of zirconia filler on friction and dry sliding wear behaviour of bismaleimide nanocomposites(2011) Kurahatti, R.V.; Surendranathan, A.O.; Srivastava, S.; Singh, N.; Ramesh Kumar, A.V.; Suresha, B.This paper discusses the friction and dry sliding wear behaviour of nano-zirconia (nano-ZrO2) filled bismleimide (BMI) composites. Nano-ZrO2 filled BMI composites, containing 0.5, 1, 5 and 10wt.% were prepared using high shear mixer. The influence of these particles on the microhardness, friction and dry sliding wear behaviour were measured with microhardness tester and pin-on-disc wear apparatus. The experimental results indicated that the frictional coefficient and specific wear rate of BMI can be reduced at rather low concentration of nano-ZrO2. The lowest specific wear rate of 4×10-6mm3/Nm was observed for 5wt.% nano-ZrO2 filled composite which is decreased by 78% as compared to the neat BMI. The incorporation of nano-ZrO2 particles leads to an increased hardness of BMI and wear performance of the composites shows good correlation with the hardness up to 5wt.% of filler loading. The results have been supplemented with scanning electron micrographs to help understand the possible wear mechanisms. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Item Role of nickel filler on friction and dry sliding wear behavior of bismaleimide nanocomposite(2011) Kurahatti, R.V.; Surendranathan, A.O.; Srivastava, S.; Singh, N.; Ramesh Kumar, A.V.; Kori, S.A.Nano-sized metal particles filled polymer composites are finding numerous tribological applications in recent years. In the present work, the matrix properties were investigated by introducing nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (60-100 nm, weight fractions of 0.5-10 %) into a bismaleimide (BMI) resin. The influence of these particles on the microhardness, friction and dry sliding wear behavior were measured using microhardness tester, pin-ondisc wear set up. The experimental results indicated that the coefficient of friction and the specific wear rate (SWR) of BMI resin can be reduced at rather low weight fraction of Ni particles. The lowest SWR of 9 ×10 -6 mm 3/Nm (i.e. 50% lower than the value of neat BMI) was observed for the nanocomposite with Ni weight fraction of 1%. The incorporation of Ni particles leads to an increased hardness of BMI and the wear performance of the composites shows good correlation with the hardness. The results have been supplemented with scanning electron micrographs to help understand the possible wear mechanisms. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.Item Synthesis, microhardness, FT-IR, and thermal decomposition of semiorganic antimony thiourea bromide monohydrate single crystals(2012) Mahesha Upadhya, K.; Udayashankar, N.K.Antimony thiourea bromide monohydrate (ATBM) single crystals were grown by a solution growth technique at room temperature. Microhardness studies on the grown crystal were carried out using the Vickers microhardness tester to estimate the mechanical strength of the crystal. The FT-IR analysis ascertains the presence of a metal-sulphur bond in ATBM crystals. The thermal decomposition of ATBM crystals was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.Item Hardness and electrochemical behavior of ceramic coatings on inconel(International Association of Physical Chemists, 2012) Sujaya, C.; Shashikala, H.D.; Umesh, G.; Hegde, A.Thin films of ceramic materials like alumina and silicon carbide are deposited on Inconel substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique using Q-switched Nd: YAG laser. Deposited films are characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. Composite microhardness of ceramic coated Inconel system is measured using Knoop indenter and its film hardness is separated using a mathematical model based on area-law of mixture. It is then compared with values obtained using nanoindentation method. Film hardness of the ceramic coating is found to be high compared to the substrates. Corrosion behavior of substrates after ceramic coating is studied in 3.5% NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The Nyquist and the Bode plots obtained from the EIS data are fitted by appropriate equivalent circuits. The pore resistance, the charge transfer resistance, the coating capacitance and the double layer capacitance of the coatings are obtained from the equivalent circuit. Experimental results show an increase in corrosion resistance of Inconel after ceramic coating. Alumina coated Inconel showed higher corrosion resistance than silicon carbide coated Inconel. After the corrosion testing, the surface topography of the uncoated and the coated systems are examined by scanning electron microscopy. © 2012 by the authors; licensee IAPC, Zagreb, Croatia.Item Joining of Inconel-625 alloy through microwave hybrid heating and its characterization(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Badiger, R.I.; Narendranath, S.; Srinath, M.S.Joining of bulk metals using microwave energy is being explored as a new processing method in the era of high technology applications. The present work investigates the results of on-going project in which joining of Inconel-625 alloy has been effectively carried out through microwave hybrid heating. Characterization of the microwave developed joints is done through SEM, XRD, UTM and Vicker's microhardness tester. The microstructural analysis through scanning electron microscope exhibits a fully fused weld interface free from interfacial cracks. XRD study reveals the formation of carbides of Ni, Cr and Mo in the joint interface. The average Vicker's microhardness in the joint region observed was 360 ± 20 Hv. Assessment of tensile strength shows an ultimate tensile strength of 328 MPa with 9.04% elongation. Further the fractured joints are subjected to fractography study which possibly reveals a mixed mode fracture. © 2015 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Evaluation of WEDM performance characteristics of Inconel 706 for turbine disk application(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Sharma, P.; Dupadu, D.; Narendranath, S.Inconel 706 is a newly developed superalloy, which offers high mechanical strength alongwith easy fabricability thus making it suitable for turbine disk applications. Although Inconel 706 exhibits a substantial increase in stress rupture and tensile yield strength compared to other superalloys, its conventional machining yields poor surface finish and low dimensional accuracy of the machined components. Hence, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of Inconel 706 has been performed and various performance attributes such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), recast surface, topography, microhardness, microstructural and metallurgical changes of the machined components have been evaluated. The experimental results revealed that servo voltage, pulse on time, and pulse off time greatly influence the MRR and SR. Due to high toughness of Inconel 706, no micro cracks were observed on the machined surface. Micro voids and micro globules are significantly reduced at low pulse on time and high servo voltage. But, there is a propensity of thick recast layer formation at high pulse on time and low servo voltage. EDAX analysis of recast surface exposed the existence of Cu and Zn which have migrated from the brass wire. The subsurface microhardness was changed to 80. ?m due to significant thermal degradation. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.Item Effect of Wire Material on Productivity and Surface Integrity of WEDM-Processed Inconel 706 for Aircraft Application(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2016) Sharma, P.; Dupadu, D.; Narendranath, S.Inconel 706 is a recently developed superalloy for aircraft application, particularly in turbine disk which is among the most critical components in the gas turbine engines. Recently, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) attained success in machining of gas turbine components which require complex shape profiles with high precision. To achieve the feasibility in machining of these components, the research work has been conducted on Inconel 706 superalloy using WEDM process. And, the effect of different wire materials (i.e., hard brass wire, diffused wire, and zinc-coated wire) on WEDM performance characteristics such as cutting speed, surface topography, surface roughness, recast layer formation, residual stresses, and microstructural and metallurgical alterations have been investigated. Even though, zinc-coated wire exhibits improved productivity, hard brass wire was found to be beneficial in terms of improved surface quality of the machined parts. Additionally, lower tensile residual stresses were obtained with hard brass wire. However, diffused wire has a moderate effect on productivity and surface quality. Under high discharge energy, higher elemental changes were observed and also the white layer was detected. © 2016, ASM International.Item Effect of current density during electrodeposition on microstructure and hardness of textured Cu coating in the application of antimicrobial Al touch surface(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Augustin, A.; Huilgol, P.; Udupa, K.R.; Bhat, K.U.Copper is a well proven antimicrobial material which can be used in the form of a coating on the touch surfaces. Those coating can offer a good service as touch surface for very long time if only they possess good mechanical properties like scratch resistance and microhardness. In the present work the above mentioned mechanical properties were determined on the electrodeposited copper thin film; deposited on double zincated aluminium. During deposition, current density was varied from 2 A dm?2 to 10 A dm?2, to produce crystallite size in the range of 33.5 nm to 66 nm. The crystallite size was calculated from the X-ray peak broadening (Scherrer?s formula) which were later confirmed by TEM micrographs. The scratch hardness and microhardness of the coating were measured and correlated with the crystallite size in the copper coating. Both characteristic values were found to increase with the reduction in crystallite size. Reduced crystallite size (Hall–Petch effect) and preferred growth of copper films along (111) plane play a significant role on the increase in the hardness of the coating. Further, TEM analysis reveals the presence of nano-twins in the film deposited at higher current density, which contributed to a large extent to the sharp increase of coating hardness compared to the mechanism of Hall–Petch effect. The antimicrobial ability of the coated sample has been evaluated against Escherichia coli bacteria and which is compared with that of commercially available bulk copper using the colony count method. 94% of E. coli cells were died after six hours of exposure to the copper coated surface. The morphology of the copper treated cells was studied using SEM. © 2016 Elsevier LtdItem Effect of wire diameter on surface integrity of wire electrical discharge machined Inconel 706 for gas turbine application(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Sharma, P.; Dupadu, D.; Narendranath, S.Inconel 706 superalloy has established itself in the field of gas turbine industry because of its easy fabricability combined with high mechanical strength. Due to its high stress rupture and tensile yield strength, conventional machining of this superalloy exhibits poor surface and low dimensional accuracy of the machined components. It is well known that most of the gas turbine components include complex shaped profile with high precision and hence, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of Inconel 706 has been performed to achieve the feasibility in manufacturing of complex shaped components for gas turbine application. In the current investigation, the effect of wire diameter on WEDM performance characteristics such as cutting speed, surface roughness, surface topography, recast layer formation, microhardness, microstructural and metallurgical changes have been evaluated. It was investigated that smaller diameter wire is advantageous over the larger diameter wire since it improves productivity as well as surface quality of the machined components under the same settings of control parameters. In addition, smaller diameter wire has shown comparatively lower recast layer thickness, minimum hardness alteration and shorter manufacturing time. The XRD result has confirmed the presence of residual stress within WED machined component. © 2016 The Society of Manufacturing EngineersItem Micro and nanoindentation analysis of porous anodic alumina prepared in oxalic and sulphuric acid(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Ramana Reddy, P.R.; Ajith, K.M.; Udayashankar, N.K.In this article, the mechanical behavior of porous anodic alumina (PAA) structures obtained from two different electrolytes (oxalic and sulphuric acids) was investigated using micro and nanoindentation techniques. Regularity ratio (RR) of PAA structures was calculated using WSxM software and it was found that strength of the PAA structures varies with the RR of the pores. Micro hardness of the PAA structures was studied using 0.98, 9.8 N loads and it was observed that surface ring cracks were generated for 9.8 N load in oxalic acid. PAA structures formed in sulphuric acid exhibits an extremely high hardness of 7.5 GPa and Young's modulus as 146.5 GPa compared with oxalic acid due to low porosity. Results indicate that the indentation modulus and hardness of the PAA structures decrease with increasing pore size. Further the effect of porosity and regularity ratio of pores on mechanical properties of PAA structures was studied in detail. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.