Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/19884

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    Cytocompatibility by MTT assay and platelet adhesion of Ti and Ti-6Al-4V coated with hydroxyapatite in different plasma gas atmospheres
    (Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, 2017) Kotian, R.; Rao, P.P.; Madhyastha, P.; Shobha, K.L.; Satish Rao, B.S.S.; Ginjupalli, K.
    Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V metals coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) by plasma spray using different plasma gas atmospheres. Materials and methods: The cell viabilities for each HA-coated sample in an atmosphere of argon, argon–hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen–hydrogen were studied using MTT assay and platelet adhesion test. Results: The mean cell viabilities by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay of samples coated with HA in argon–hydrogen plasma atmosphere showed maximum cell viability at different time intervals compared with other coating atmospheres of argon–hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen–hydrogen. A statistically significant value of cell viability (p < 0.001) was observed between and within the groups of argon, argon–hydrogen, nitrogen, and nitrogen–hydrogen plasma gas atmosphere. The platelet adhesion study showed agglomerates of platelet cells in some isolated regions of HA for all atmospheres. Significance: The results obtained in this study can serve as a guide for the development of new Ti-based HA-coated implants in different plasma gas atmospheres. © 2017, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Probing the influence of strontium doping and annealing temperature on the structure and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite nanorods
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Patil, H.G.; Rajendran, A.; Lenka, N.; Kumar, B.S.; Murugesan, S.; Anandhan, S.
    Among numerous biologically important metal cations, strontium (Sr2+) has received much attention in bone tissue regeneration because of its osteoinductive properties combined with its ability to inhibit osteoclast activity. In this study, strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp) nanorods with varying molar ratios of Ca : Sr (10 : 0, 9 : 1, 5 : 5, 3 : 7 and 0 : 10) were synthesized using the chemical precipitation technique. The synthesized Sr-HAp nanostructures were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies to understand their structural and morphological features, and composition. XRD results revealed the formation of HAp nanostructures, whose unit cell volume increased as a function of the dopant level. The reaction process investigation showed the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp), strontium apatite (SAp) and various Sr-HAp phases. FESEM micrographs displayed the morphological transformation of Sr-HAp from nanorods to nanosheets upon increasing the dopant level. In the FTIR spectra, the bands of the PO43− group shifted towards a lower wavenumber upon increasing the dopant concentration in Sr-HAp that signifies the structural distortion due to the presence of a large amount of strontium ions. The peaks of PO43− and OH− vibrations in the Raman spectra were further analysed to corroborate the structural distortion of Sr-HAp. Selected area electron diffraction patterns obtained using TEM reveal the reduced crystallinity of Sr-HAp due to Sr-doping, which is in line with the XRD results. Finally, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed that the synthesized Sr-HAp has no toxic effect on the survival and growth of mesenchymal stem cells. In summary, the synthesized novel Sr-HAp nanorods exhibit great promise for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Structure-based drug design and characterization of novel pyrazine hydrazinylidene derivatives with a benzenesulfonate scaffold as noncovalent inhibitors of DprE1 tor tuberculosis treatment
    (Springer Nature, 2024) Naik, S.; Dinesha, P.; Udayakumar, D.
    In this study, we present a novel series of (E)-4-((2-(pyrazine-2-carbonyl) hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenyl benzenesulfonate (T1-T8) and 4-((E)-(((Z)-amino(pyrazin-2-yl)methylene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenyl benzenesulfonate (T9-T16) derivatives which exert their inhibitory effects on decaprenylphosphoryl-?-D-ribose 2'-epimerase (DprE1) through the formation of hydrogen bonds with the pivotal active site Cys387 residue. Their effectiveness against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was examined and notably, three compounds (namely T4, T7, and T12) exhibited promising antitubercular activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56 µg/mL. The target compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against a range of bacterial strains, encompassing S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. mutans, E. coli, S. typhi, and K. pneumoniae. Additionally, their antifungal efficacy against A. fumigatus and A. niger also was scrutinized. Compounds T6 and T12 demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, while compound T6 exhibited substantial antifungal activity. Importantly, all of these active compounds demonstrated exceedingly low toxicity without any adverse effects on normal cells. To deepen our understanding of these compounds, we have undertaken an in silico analysis encompassing Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) considerations. Furthermore, molecular docking analyses against the DprE1 enzyme was conducted and Density-Functional Theory (DFT) studies were employed to elucidate the electronic properties of the compounds, thereby enhancing our understanding of their pharmacological potential. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
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    Amidated pectin and gum Arabic aldehyde-based pH-sensitive hydrogel for targeted colonic treatment
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Singh, H.; JagadeeshBabu, J.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.
    In this study, a novel pH-responsive hydrogel was developed by crosslinking amidated pectin(AmPec) with oxidised gum Arabic(GAA) by hydrogen and hemiacetal bonding without the need for toxic crosslinkers for oral delivery of doxorubicin to treat colon cancer. FTIR and NMR confirmed the amidation of pectin and oxidation of Gum Arabic. FTIR confirmed the formation of hydrogen and hemiacetal bonds in the hydrogel. X-ray diffraction(XRD) spectra showed the amorphous characteristic of AmPec-GAA hydrogels compared to their polymer precursors, confirming the formation of a crosslinked hydrogel. AmPec-GAA15 hydrogel swelled around 655 %±39.90 at pH 7.4 compared to 181 %±7.94 swelling at pH 1.2 after 72 h. The release of doxorubicin also followed the same trend, with only 4.48 % ±0.89 doxorubicin release at pH 1.2, while the drug release increased to 68.10 %±3.73 at pH 7.4 after 48 h. SEM micrographs revealed the macroporous and interconnected hydrogel structure with fewer pores in the hydrogel swelled in pH 1.2 compared with pH 7.4, where more visible pores were observed, indicating the pH-sensitive behaviour of the hydrogel. Hydrogel possessed excellent thermal and mechanical stability as revealed by TGA and rheology study, which can also be explored for tissue engineering applications. MTT assay on L929 cells showed cell viability above 95.1 %±,0.0074, demonstrating hydrogels' non-toxic and biocompatible behaviour. Meanwhile, Dox-loaded hydrogel induced higher cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells than free Dox in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the developed hydrogel can be used as an effective oral carrier to deliver doxorubicin to colon cancer while hindering its release in the stomach and thus preventing associated toxicity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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    Identification, purification and functional characterization of a thermostable marine chitinase for potential fungal control via chitin degradation mechanism
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Atheena, P.V.; Raval, K.; Raval, R.
    The growing prevalence of treatment-resistant Candida species highlights an urgent need for innovative antifungal therapies. The current range of antifungals, limited to polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins, are becoming insufficient due to the rise of resistance, including cross-resistance among fungal strains. Marine environment is an underexplored reservoir of unique enzymes which can be extremophilic. This study presents the cloning and expression of a chitinase gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (BtChi), expressed in an E. coli system, yielding a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 71 kDa. Disc diffusion and MIC experiments indicated that 5 ?g/mL chitinase efficiently suppressed the growth of Candida albicans. Initial characterization identified the optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0. The enzyme retained over 75 % activity across a pH range of 4–8 and a temperature range of 30–70 °C after 120 min. Activity was further enhanced by 24 % with 100 mM Na+. Kinetic parameters with colloidal chitin revealed Km and Vmax values to be 0.05 mg/mL and 1.37 U/mL respectively. This study holds the potential of developing a potent natural anti-fungal against the present day chemical counterparts. © 2025 The Authors