Journal Articles
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Item Next-generation building envelopes: Smart materials, energy efficiency and environmental impact(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Adak, D.; Rajput, A.Building envelopes play a crucial role in enhancing the energy efficiency, sustainability, and overall performance of modern buildings. This paper provides a comprehensive review of cutting-edge materials and technologies for smart and sustainable building envelopes. It highlights the transition from traditional to advanced materials, focusing on the integration of smart materials such as thermochromic and electrochromic systems, shape memory alloys, and self-healing materials. These innovations enable dynamic responses to environmental changes, enhancing comfort and energy efficiency. Additionally, the review explores sustainable materials, including natural, biodegradable insulation, recycled components, and low-carbon alternatives that contribute to the circular economy. Advanced insulation technologies such as vacuum insulation panels, phase change materials, and aerogels are discussed, emphasizing their superior thermal performance. The study also examines innovative facade solutions, such as adaptive facades, photovoltaic-integrated systems, and hybrid designs that merge sustainability with energy generation. Key challenges in adopting these materials—such as cost, regulatory compliance, and market readiness—are discussed, along with the environmental benefits, including energy savings and reduced carbon footprints. The paper concludes by identifying opportunities for future research and development in smart and sustainable building envelopes, highlighting their potential in advancing energy-efficient, climate-responsive architecture. © 2025 The AuthorsItem Modeling of single and multilayer polyvinylidene fluoride film for micro pump actuation(2010) Karanth P, P.N.; Desai, V.; Kulkarni, S.M.Micro pumps are essential components of micro devices such as drug delivery systems. Large numbers of pumps have been proposed based on different actuating principles. Piezoelectric actuation offers advantages such as reliability and energy efficiency. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based piezoelectric actuation for micro pumps is predominantly explored despite its disadvantages such as brittle nature, low straining and difficulties in processing. Polymer piezoelectric materials like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) could be promising replacements for PZT owing to their availability in form of films and good strain coefficients. Very limited literature on micro pump with PVDF as an actuator is available. In this paper, finite element analysis (FEA) model of a micro pump actuator using single and multilayer PVDF for actuation is developed in ANSYS. The model takes into account the influence of driving voltage and actuator. Copyright © Springer-Verlag 2009.Item The alternative building materials and technologies for individual housing in coastal Karnataka, India(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2011) Rao, R.K.; Shetty, S.K.; Souza, J.K.D.The various research organizations in the country and world wide are in continuous investigation to develop different alternative materials and technologies. In the development of alternative materials, it is always emphasized to use locally available materials like mud, fibre, powder, stone etc. or a mixture of them to produce a different product to be used in modern day construction. This paper likes to give an insight into the various types of technologies developed by these Organizations and implemented right from the basic materials like building blocks to finished roofing elements in coastal Karnataka, India. It also discusses how these techniques are implemented and put to use for the benefit of the common man. It also enlightens the cost effectiveness and the energy efficiency that could be achieved in using these alternative materials and technologies in the region. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Performance and emission characteristics of double cylinder CI engine operated with cardanol bio fuel blends(2012) Mallikappa, D.N.; Reddy, R.P.; Murthy, C.S.N.India imports more than seventy percent of the oil it uses and is looking for alternative fuel to reduce its dependence on imports. In India, bio fuels derived from non-edible oils is considered as a renewable alternative to the fossil diesel. The cost of the biodiesel is higher than diesel and hence in this work, cardanol was used as an alternative renewable fuel for the diesel engine. The engine tests were conducted on a double cylinder, direct injection, compression ignition engine. From the engine tests, it is observed that the brake power increases (by 70% approximately) as load increases. Brake specific energy conversion decreases (by 25-30% approximately) with increase in brake power. Brake thermal efficiency increases with higher brake power and emission levels (HC, CO, NOX) were nominal up to 20% blends. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.Item Improved network survivability using multi-threshold adaptive range clustering (M-TRAC) algorithm for energy balancing in wireless sensor networks(2013) Shivaprakasha, K.S.; Kulkarni, M.; Joshi, N.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become one of the most prominent areas of research in the field of modern communication systems. But unlike IP based routing, WSNs focus on data centric communication. Thus routing is one of the important issues to be considered for a WSN. As sensor networks are generally deployed in hostile environments, batteries cannot be recharged often. Thus energy conservation is one of the important design parameters for WSNs. Many energy aware routing protocols were proposed in the literature. Cluster based algorithms were proved to be better compared to multi-hop routing. In this paper an attempt is made in proposing a novel cluster based energy efficient routing algorithm for WSNs namely the Multi-Threshold Adaptive Range Clustering (M-TRAC) algorithm, which incorporates centralized network management with variable thresholds in order to assure a uniform load distribution amongst nodes, thus improving the network lifetime. © 2013 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.Item Performance analysis of energy efficient modulation and coding schemes for wireless sensor networks(2013) Shivaprakasha, K.S.; Kulkarni, M.; Patkar, R.Sensor nodes of a typical wireless sensor network (WSN) are battery driven, so energy conservation is a critical factor for node's life time. Thus optimisation of energy consumption is a major objective in the area of WSNs. One such method is asymmetric communication which uses different channel codes and modulation schemes for downlink (base station (BS) to node link) and uplink (node to BS link). In this paper, a performance analysis of different channel code-modulation pair for energy efficient asymmetric communication is carried out followed by the field programmable gate array implementation of channel codes required at the node. The per information bit node energy for the uplink has been calculated for efficient channel code-modulation pair, for three different channels, viz. additive white gaussian noise, Rayleigh flat-fading and log-normal shadowing channels, resulting in reduction in energy consumption at sensor nodes. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Item Control of CO2 emission through enhancing energy efficiency of auxiliary power equipment in thermal power plant(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Mandi, R.P.; Yaragatti, R.Y.This paper describes the results of energy efficiency enhancement in 23 numbers of 210 MW coal fired power plants spread over India. Energy efficiency improvement of major auxiliary equipment with different plant load factors are summarized here with improved performance. The effect of plant load factor on all major auxiliary equipment and improvement in performance of auxiliary equipment are discussed in this paper. Operation of the plant at improved plant load factor reduced the specific auxiliary power from 11.23% at 70% PLF to 8.74% at 100% PLF that reduced the net auxiliary power by 9.1 MU/year that is an equivalent reduction of CO2 emission by 9500 t/year. Optimizing the excess air, controlling the furnace ingress, enhanced energy efficiency of individual equipment by proper maintenance, etc., improves the plant capacity and reduces the overall auxiliary power by about 1.5-2.1% of gross energy generation i.e., equivalent CO2 reduction of 23,000-32,400 t/year and release an additional power of about 3.5 MW (for a typical one 210 MW power plant) into grid. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Reduction of carbon emission by enhancing energy efficiency of forced draft fans in thermal power plants(Acta Press journals@actapress.com, 2014) Mandi, R.P.; Yaragatti, R.Y.In this paper, various techno-economical feasible methods for reducing the carbon emission by enhancing the energy efficiency of forced draft (FD) fans in coal-fired thermal power plants based on the energy audit study conducted in 28 numbers of 210MW power plants in India are discussed. The best operating points for pressure gain, flow, pressure drop, equipment efficiency, power input and specific energy consumption are simulated by using MATLAB, and presented in this paper with case study to validate the results. Optimizing the pressure at FD fan discharge and maintaining the optimum secondary air pressure at windbox will enhance the combustion characteristics. Operational optimization and control of excess air will reduce the auxiliary power of FD fans. Optimum sizing of FD fans and motors will reduce the auxiliary power by 0.10% gross energy generation and reduce the CO2 emission by 1,600 t/year.Item Use of Laterite as a sustainable building material in developing countries(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2014) Kasthurba, A.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Venkat Reddy, D.V.Utilisation of local materials is an important step to sustainable construction to reduce transportation cost, save embodied energy, and protect the environment. This paper advocates the use of local laterite-a soil type rich in iron and alumina formed under hot and wet tropical conditions-due to its cost effectiveness and energy efficiency than that of conventional modern materials in tropical developing countries. This paper summarizes the occurrence and characteristics of laterite and then highlights the need for developing universal database of properties and standard testing protocols to facilitate evaluation and extensive use laterite in building applications. Understanding of properties and potential challenges of using this material will benefit for the development of suitable strategies/techniques for sustainable construction. Overall, this study identifies various factors that should be considered for efficient utilization and managements of laterite in construction to meet the growing demand of new housing and infrastructural in different regions of developing tropical world. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item An Energy-Efficient Hybrid Clustering Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network(World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd wspc@wspc.com.sg, 2015) Muni Venkateswarlu, K.; Kandasamy, A.; Chandrasekaran, K.Valuable energy resources of sensor network should be utilized wisely to prolong network's lifetime. Clustering technique helps wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance its lifetime by reducing energy consumption on every individual sensor node in the network. In multi-hop data forwarding model, difference in energy consumption among cluster heads (HS) causes hot-spot problem in the network. While data is being transferred, the CH close to base station are burdened with heavy relay traffic from several data routes and tend to die early. Unequal clustering avoids this hot-spot problem by establishing different sized clusters at various levels in the network. Since unequal clustering technique does not control number of CHs it creates, it forms huge number of clusters in the network. This increases hop count between source and destination, and leads to impose more over head on each data forwarding route in the network. Also, rapid variation in cluster size causes imbalance in energy dissipation among clustered nodes in the network. This uneven energy consumption influences network performance and lifetime. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient hybrid clustering mechanism for wireless sensor network using equal and unequal clustering techniques to create limited number of clusters in varied sizes at various level of the network. This avoids hot-spot problem with minimum hop count between the source and destination and achieves uniform energy dissipation between intra-and inter-cluster communication. Simulation results show that the proposed clustering mechanism balances the energy consumption among clusters with its hybrid cluster formation mechanism and elevates sensor network lifetime. © 2015 World Scientific Publishing Company.