Journal Articles
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Item Combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated with mahua oil and liquefied petroleum gas(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2008) Nadar, K.N.; Reddy, R.P.For the present work, a single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode. To study the feasibility of using methyl ester of mahua oil as pilot fuel, it was used as pilot fuel and liquefied petroleum gas was used as primary fuel. In dual fuel mode, pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure are the few variables, which affect the performance and emission of dual fuel engine. Hence, in the present work pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure were varied. From the test results, it was observed that the pilot fuel quantity of 5 mg per cycle and injector opening pressure of 200 bar results in higher brake thermal efficiency. Also the exhaust emissions such as smoke, unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are lower than other pressures and pilot fuel quantities. The higher injection pressure and proper pilot fuel quantity might have resulted in better atomization, penetration of methyl ester of mahua oil and better combustion of fuel.Item Performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated on fish oil methyl esters(2010) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, Ch.; Reddy, R.P.The high viscosity of fish oil leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. The inefficient mixing of fish oil with air leads to incomplete combustion. The best way to use fish oil as fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines is to convert it into biodiesel. It can be used in CI engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has properties similar to mineral diesel. Combustion tests for methyl ester of fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel were performed in a kirloskar H394 DI diesel engine, to evaluate fish biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine, at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The tests showed no major deviations in diesel engine's combustion as well as no significant changes in the engine performance and reduction of main noxious emissions with the exception on NOx. Overall fish biodiesel showed good combustion properties and environmental benefits. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item An analysis of cycle-by-cycle fluctuation in combustion parameter in CI engine operation for various bio-fuels(2011) Bekal, S.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.The cycle-by-cycle fluctuations in peak pressure of combustion in a CI engine were studied for lower and higher blends of diesel and ester, and water-in-ester emulsions, at four injection timings and three injection pressures using coefficient of variation. The sunflower ester-diesel blends are found to have lower cycle-by-cycle fluctuations than pongemia ester-diesel blends. The fluctuations are found to be higher than that of diesel for higher blend proportions of ester. The water-in-ester emulsion show higher cycle-by-cycle fluctuations than that of ester-diesel blends. In most cases, the Brake specific energy consumption is also found to be higher where the coefficient of variation has higher values. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission of single cylinder stationary CI engine fueled with cardanol diesel blends(Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Mohanan, P.We investigated the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct-injection stationary diesel engine fueled with non- edible alternative fuel, namely, cardanol - diesel - methanol blend (B20M10). The results were compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The bio-fuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% Methanol, and 70% diesel) was used as fuel and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics were investigated by oxygen enriching of intake air with 3, 5, and 7 percentage by weight. With the increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO, HC, and smoke were found to be decreased. But BTE and NOx emission were considerably increased. The blended fuel B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air was compared with diesel operation. The results show a 0.5% lesser BTE, 28% more NOx emission at full load condition. There is not much variation of smoke emission to be noticed for this fuel combination compared to diesel. © 2014 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item A study of the effect of injection pressure on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of cardanol biofuel blend fuelled compression ignition engine(John Wiley and Sons Ltd Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The use of biodiesel along with other alternative fuel sources is expected to address the twin problems of pollution and energy security. This study investigates the effect of injection pressure (IP) on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a four-stroke single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with a biofuel, namely cardanol-methanol-diesel blend (B20M10). The results are compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The biofuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% methanol, and 70% diesel) is used as fuel, and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics are investigated at IP levels of 180, 200, and 220 bar. The test results show that the optimum fuel IP is 220 bar with B20M10. At this optimized pressure, a reduction in CO, HC, and smoke emissions with an increase in the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are noticed compared with 180 and 200 bar B20M10 operations. When compared with diesel (180 bar IP), B20M10 blend at 220 bar IP gives marginally lower BTE and lower CO and HC emissions, but oxides of nitrogen and smoke are slightly more. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.Presently, energy security and food security are two major problems of developing countries. The use of edible oils as an alternative fuel for internal combustion may lead to a food crisis. The non-edible plant-based alternative fuel not only results in energy security but also helps to keep the environment free from pollution. In this experimental investigation, a non-edible plant-based bio-fuel cardanol produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is used to study the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test conditions of the engine are 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC injection timing. The bio-fuel blends B10M10 (10% cardanol + 80% diesel + 10% methanol), B20M10, and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) were tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and full load conditions. The results were compared with baseline diesel operation. From the experimental work, it was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10M10 and B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) is comparatively similar to that of diesel. The lower emissions of CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke are encouraging to recognize B20M10 as an optimized fuel blend for a compression ignition engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC. The significant factors of cardanol bio-fuel include its low cost, non-edible, abundance, and it is a by-product of the cashew nut industries. © © 2015 Taylor & Francis.Item A numerical investigation on heat transfer and emissions characteristics of impinging radial jet reattachment combustion (RJRC) flame(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Tajik, A.R.; Hindasageri, V.Radial Jet Reattachment combustion (RJRC) flame jet is used in applications where the impingement surface is delicate and demands low impingement pressure. In the present study, a two dimensional axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out. The turbulence-combustion interaction in the flame field is modeled in a k-?/EDM framework. The distribution of heat flux, pressure coefficient and emissions is presented for varying Reynolds number (Re = 1000 to 30,000) and different non-dimensional nozzle tip to plate spacing (X/R = 0.5 to 3). It is found that the peak heat flux increases and pressure coefficient reduces significantly with the increase in Reynolds number. However, with the increase in the nozzle tip to plate spacing the peak heat flux and the pressure coefficient decrease. Furthermore, the concentrations of NOx and CO emissions increase with the increase in Reynolds number and the distance of the location of the nozzle tip from the impingement plate. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance and emission parameters of an SI engine fueled with butanol blends at stoichiometric conditions(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Raviteja, S.; Kumar, G.N.Hydrogen is considered as the best fuel due to its excellent combustion properties. But its use as a fuel is confined by its low energy density. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to utilize some of the benefits of hydrogen by using it as an additive in a butanol fueled engine. The experimental study has been carried out on a 4 stroke, single cylinder, manifold electronic fuel injected (EFI) engine mapped to run at stoichiometric conditions. Butanol blends were chosen as the base fuel due to their higher energy density compared to ethanol. A small fraction of hydrogen was injected into the air stream. The engine was run at 3000 RPM at full load condition. The performance, emission and combustion parameters are compared for four concentrations of butanol (10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% by volume of fuel) and two concentrations of hydrogen (5%, and 10% by volume of air) with gasoline. The results indicated that the efficiency of the engine improved upon hydrogen enrichment. An average of 60% reduction was observed in HC and CO emissions with 10% enrichment of hydrogen, whereas the NO emissions almost doubled itself. The combustion analysis showed reduced delay periods, shorter combustion durations, higher cylinder pressures, higher temperatures and improved combustion. © 2015 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.Item Hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of high speed spark ignition engine- An experimental study(Taylor's University # 1, Jalan Taylor's Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, 2016) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.The present article aims at characterizing the combustion and emission parameters of a single cylinder high speed SI engine operating with different concentrations of hydrogen with gasoline fuel. The conventional carburetted SI engine was modified into an electronically controllable engine, wherein ECU was used to control the injection timings and durations of gasoline. The engine was maintained at a constant speed of 3000 rpm and wide open throttle position. The experimental results demonstrated that heat release rate and cylinder pressure were increased with the addition of hydrogen until 20%. The CO and HC emissions were reduced considerably whereas NOx emission was increased with the addition of hydrogen in comparison with pure gasoline engine operation. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.Item Development of low temperature stoichiometric solution combustion derived transparent conductive ternary zinc tin co-doped indium oxide electrodes(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017) Pujar, P.; Gandla, S.; Singh, M.; Gupta, B.; Tarafder, K.; Gupta, D.; Noh, Y.-Y.; Mandal, S.Here, the development of transparent conductive zinc tin co-doped indium oxide (IZTO: In1.4Sn0.3Zn0.3O3) ternary electrodes is addressed through low temperature solution combustion processing. Optimization of fuel to oxidizer ratio offers low temperature (?130 °C) of combustion with balanced redox reaction. The thin films of IZTO annealed at different temperatures showed a decreasing trend in the resistivity with a fixed order of 10-2 ? cm and the film with a highest Hall mobility of 5.92 cm2 V-1 s-1 resulted at 400 °C. All the films with different temperatures of annealing were smooth (rms ? 2.42 nm) in nature and the IZTO film annealed at 200 °C is 83% transparent in the visible spectra. The effective band gap of 0.9 eV determined from first-principles density functional theory gives clear evidence for the conducting nature of IZTO. The thin film transistor fabricated with IZTO as a gate electrode with poly(methyl methacrylate) and pentacene as the dielectric and channel material, respectively, exhibited a saturation mobility of 0.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 and Ion/Ioff ratio of 103. Further, the printability of the IZTO combustible precursor is established which resulted in anti-edge deposition of the printed feature. © 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry.