Journal Articles
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Item Economic growth and environmental degradation: How to balance the interests of developed and developing countries(FrancoAngeli nardi@uniroma3.it, 2019) Sadath, A.C.; Rajesh Acharya, R.H.In this paper we present a pragmatic basis for a multilateral cooperation to deal with climate change problem after accounting for the interests of both developed and developing economies. We develop our argument for such a cooperation based on the principle of affordability of developed countries and accessibility of developing countries. Towards this, we have estimated a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model using data pertaining to groups of countries classified based on region and income from 1960 to 2014. Results show that countries with high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) percapita emit more volume of hazardous Greenhouse Gases (GHG) than their developing counterparts and more importantly, the coefficient of elasticity of emission to the growth rate of GDP is substantially lower for highincome countries. Therefore, we argue that developed countries may lead the world in the climate change mitigation efforts through emission reduction and promotion of efficient use of energy resources. © 2020 FrancoAngeli.Item Uncertainties in predicting impacts of climate change on hydrology in basin scale: a review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2020) Jose, D.M.; Dwarakish, G.S.The sensitivity of the hydrological system to climate change and the role of hydrological systems in the environment have motivated researchers to study the impacts of climate change on hydrology. Modelling the hydrological impacts of climate change is generally done in various stages and has uncertainty associated with each of them. These include scenario uncertainty in climate scenario selection, model uncertainty in climate simulation by global climatic models (GCMs), uncertainties while downscaling GCMs, biases in downscaled data, erroneous input to the hydrological model, and uncertainty in the structure and parameterisation of the hydrological model. The present paper aims at reviewing the uncertainties involved at each stage of climate change impact assessment of hydrology. In the near future, climate scenario uncertainties would be smaller than those associated with the choice of GCMs. Multi-model ensemble approach takes better account of uncertainties involved with GCMs. Moreover, considering a range of possible climate scenarios is recommended than using a single best or average case climate scenario. GCMs shall be downscaled by statistical or dynamical methods (regional climatic models (RCMs)) before using them for regional studies. Bias correction methods can considerably improve the RCM simulations. Evaluation of model performance is recommended for regional-scale studies for the preparation of adaptation strategies. Taking into account the uncertainties associated with climate impact studies can help formulate effective adaptation strategies. © 2020, Saudi Society for Geosciences.Item Roadmap to a net-zero carbon cement sector: Strategies, innovations and policy imperatives(Academic Press, 2024) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Adak, D.The cement industry plays a significant role in global carbon emissions, underscoring the urgent need for measures to transition it toward a net-zero carbon footprint. This paper presents a detailed plan to this end, examining the current state of the cement sector, its carbon output, and the imperative for emission reduction. It delves into various low-CO2 technologies and emerging innovations such as alkali-activated cements, calcium looping, electrification, and bio-inspired materials. Economic and policy factors, including cost assessments and governmental regulations, are considered alongside challenges and potential solutions. Concluding with future prospects, the paper offers recommendations for policymakers, industry players, and researchers, highlighting the roadmap's critical role in achieving a carbon-neutral cement sector. © 2024 The Author(s)Item A systematic review of performance assessment in canal irrigation systems: Integrating socio-technical, remote sensing, and AI-driven approaches for a climate-resilient future(University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 2025) Rajaput, M.; Ramadasa, A.; Dodamani, B.M.This systematic review investigates the evolution of performance assessment in canal irrigation systems globally, drawing evidence from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, it synthesized 98 peer-reviewed studies and key organizational reports published between 1990 and 2025, primarily from Scopus and Web of Science. The analysis reveals a clear methodological progression from direct measurements to remote sensing (RS) and agro-hydrological modeling, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) now evidenced as an applied tool in some assessments, not merely a prospect. A critical insight, however, is that despite these technical advancements, persistent underperformance is primarily rooted in deep-seated non-technical (financial, institutional, social) barriers. The current review highlights a significant gap: the absence of a unified framework systematically integrating these technical and socio-institutional dimensions with forward-looking climate resilience. Our primary contribution is a novel, integrated socio-technical assessment framework designed to bridge this divide. Distinct from previous reviews, the proposed framework explicitly combines the methodological triad, comprehensive socio-institutional analysis, quantifiable climate resilience metrics, and mechanisms to ensure social equity in AI-driven management. This adaptable, multi-scale diagnostic tool offers an actionable blueprint, applicable from local canal management to national policy levels, that accounts for diverse regional data limitations. By enabling more effective problem diagnosis and intervention design, the proposed framework provides significant analytical value and actionable lessons for enhancing the productivity, equity, and climate resilience of canal irrigation systems, thereby directly advancing Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 6. © Author(s).Item Climate change and stock market: The systematic review for future research using TCCM and meta-analysis(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) A, A.; V, G.B.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the 2016 Paris Agreement have significantly heightened global awareness of environmental issues, stimulating extensive discussions on the intersection of climate change and financial markets in major economies. This study utilized a comprehensive keyword-based database search strategy to examine existing research on climate change and the stock market, while also providing suggestions for future research avenues. From an initial pool of 1992 papers indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, 138 articles published in A* and A-rated journals on the Australian Business Deans Council Journal Quality List (ABDC-JQL) were identified as relevant for analysis. To uncover prevailing trends in this area of research, the study employed the Theory, Context, Characteristics, and Methods (TCCM) framework and the Meta regression analysis alongside the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines during the screening process. The findings indicate that rising ecological uncertainty is likely to significantly impact corporate performance, which, in turn, could negatively influence stock market dynamics. These results highlight a crucial direction for future research into the interplay between climate change and stock market behavior. © 2025 The Author(s)Item Effect of climate change on Netravathi riverflow(2010) Shetkar, R.V.; Mahesha, A.The adequacy of freshwater resources for future is difficult to assess due to complex and rapidly changing environmental and social parameters. There is uncertainty with respect to the prediction of climate change and its effect on planning and management of water resources. Higher temperature and reduced precipitation would lead to larger deficiencies in the supply and demand for water. This might cause deterioration in the quality of freshwater adding strain on the already fragile balance between supply and demand. Although the effect of climate change on water resources is uncertain and site specific, the perception is that it will result into increased extreme events and hence increased risk of flooding and droughts. This paper aims at assessing the trends of temperature, precipitation and river flow for the Netravathi river, a tropical river of south India. The river water utilization at present is less than 1% of the average annual flow. The river flow is neither controlled nor altered due to manmade structures hence may be considered as natural flow. From the analysis, it is important to note that the temperature is rising and there is declining trend in precipitation and stream flow during the study period of 30 years (1971 to 2001). Also, the low flow frequency analysis shows an upward trend. Similar analyses carried out for the number of days of flow peaks above a threshold value indicate that the high flow frequency trend is declining and the magnitude of these high flow events is also decreasing. The outcome of the present study indicates a definitive, decreasing trend in the river flow due to climate change and a forecasting mechanism may be essential in the future for the sustainable development of the available water resources. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Tropical, Seasonal River Basin Development: Hydrogeological Analysis(2011) Shetkar, R.V.; Mahesha, A.This study presents a hydrogeological analysis of a humid tropical, seasonal river in the context of climate change, increasing demand for water, and uneven distribution of rainfall. We investigate the Netravathi basin, a tropical river basin of south India. The climate change effect on the basin was evident in terms of increasing trend in temperature by about 0.7°C/100 years and decreasing trend in the river flow during the monsoon by about 0.8% of average annual flow per year using the Mann-Kendall trend test. Even though rainfall was found to be decreasing, no significant trend could be established. From the trend analysis of the river flow, it was found that there is an overall declining trend with longer scarcity periods. In addition, the trends of magnitude and frequency of high flows are declining. Even though the region receives an average annual rainfall of about 3,930 mm, it has nonuniform distribution with most of the rainfall confining to a few months of a year. In view of this, the region suffers from a prolonged dry period during February to May. The projected domestic water demand of the region for the next 25 years is estimated to be increasing from the present 0.09 mm3 to 0.25 mm3 per day because of rapid urbanization and industrialization. The purpose of this investigation is to highlight the effects of climate change and uneven distribution of rainfall in the river basin. This may assist in proper planning of the basin through strategies such as river water harvesting, which is investigated in the companion paper. Because the Netravathi River is a seasonal and tidal river, and saltwater intrusion along the river during the summer months is affecting the development of the basin. It was found that the river water is affected up to distance of about 22,000 m from the Arabian sea and the wells on the banks of the river are found to be highly vulnerable to saltwater intrusion during the summer period (March to May). © 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.Item Parameter estimation and vulnerability assessment of coastal unconfined aquifer to saltwater intrusion(2012) Mahesha, A.; Vyshali; Lathashri, U.A.; Ramesh, H.The focus of the present work is to characterize a tropical, coastal aquifer and to carry out its vulnerability to saltwater intrusion using hydrogeological parameters. The characterization of the aquifer involves pumping tests, vertical electrical sounding, and water quality analysis carried out at 41 monitoring wells. The area under investigation lies between two tropical, seasonal, tidal rivers, i.e., Pavanje and Gurpur rivers, joining the Arabian on the west coast of India. The aquifer is predominantly shallow and unconfined, having moderate to good groundwater potential with transimissivity and specific yield ranging from 49.2 to 461:4 m2/day and 0.00058 to 0.2805, respectively. The electrical resistivity tests indicated that the thickness of the aquifer ranges from 18 to 30 m. The study also investigates the saltwater affected areas in the region the vertical electrical sounding and water quality analysis. The resistivity results revealed several probable isolated saltwater intruded pockets in the region with resistivity less than 70 Om. From the salinity analysis of water, the locations that are affected during February to May (summer) and throughout the year are identified. The wells that are located close to the coast (< 350 m) and at lower elevations (well bottom < +1 m) were found to be saline throughout the year. Also, wells along the banks of the river show considerable salinity (> 200 ppm) during the summer period from tidal inflow along the rivers. The water samples were also analyzed for chloride to bicarbonate ratios during December to May at all the monitoring wells and were found to be exceeding the allowable limit at several locations. The saltwater vulnerability maps are derived for the area by the index-based method using the hydrogeological parameters. The method was found to be effective while compared to the field observations. The results from the analysis indicate that the aquifer is medium to highly vulnerable to saltwater intrusion at majority of the locations. The impact of projected sea level rise by 0.25 and 0.50 m from the climate change is also assessed on the vulnerability of the region to saltwater intrusion. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.Item Analysis of extreme rainfall events over Nethravathi basin(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2014) Babar, S.; Ramesh, H.India gets three fourths of its annual rainfall during the south-west monsoon season (June-September). The study of extreme events is significant in the stochastic behaviour of rainfall pattern. The aim of the present work is to compare different methods; and find a suitable method to study extreme rainfall trend analysis. In this study, frequency distribution method, generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, Mann-Kendall and Sens slope estimator are used for rainfall trend analysis over the Nethravathi basin located in the southern part of India. The rainfall data during the monsoon months (June-September) were analysed for a period of 1971-2010. The comparison of all the methods had been carried out and it has been observed that there is an increasing trend of frequency in class-1 and decreasing trend in class-2 and class-3, respectively. The interpretation of the results is carried by using the GEV distribution and non-parametric trend analysis (Mann-Kendall and Sens slope estimator test). It turns out the best results to identify the extreme rainfall trend are obtained by the statistical techniques - Block Maxima (GEV) distribution, Mann-Kendall and Sens slope estimator test as compared to frequency-based method. The above results which help to study climate change will contribute towards sustainable development of the Nethravathi River basin. © 2013 © 2013 Indian Society for Hydraulics.Item Hydrological effects of land use /land cover changes on stream flow at Gilgel Abay River Basin, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2016) Mulu, A.; Dwarakish, G.S.Water is the most important resource for the survival of living things and it is the most essential resource associated with land use/ land cover (LU/LC) changes. Therefore, it is very important to make evaluations of the expected impact on the hydrology and water resources due to expected changes. The main objective of this study is to assess the hydrological effect of land use/ land cover changes on stream flow at GilgelAbay river basin using Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model. System inputs are daily time-series values of precipitation, minimum and maximum air temperature, and parameter files which are generated from GIS Weasel. To identify effect of changes in LU/LC, vegetation type and vegetation density on stream flow, LU/LC, vegetation type and vegetation density data from 1990-2000 and 2001-2010 years were considered. This different period LU/LC, vegetation type and vegetation density with soil data and DEM were given to GIS Weasel to generate different parameters for PRMS model. These generated parameters together with time series data (daily minimum and maximum air temperature, daily precipitation and daily stream flow) feed to PRMS model to simulate stream flow for the years 1993-2000 and 2001-2008. From the time series data, climate changes (daily maximum and minimum temperature and daily precipitations) were kept the same as baseline period (1993-2000). The stream flow of 2001-2008 compared with baseline period (1993-2000) and the effect of LU/LC, vegetation type and vegetation density was identified using calibrated and simulated PRMS model. Hence, as LU/LC, vegetation type and vegetation density changed from 1993-2000 period to 2001-2010 period, stream flow increased from 7.8% (128.4 Mm3) to 25.3% (432 Mm3) and ET decreased from 4.2% (75 Mm3) to 20% (524 Mm3) from baseline period. For the whole simulation periods (2001-2008) stream flow increased by 10.9% (784 Mm3), but ET decreased 6.7% (43 Mm3) related to baseline periods. © 2016 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.