Journal Articles

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    Harnessing maximum power from solar PV panel for water pumping application: A simple approach
    (2012) Kappali, M.; Uday Kumar, R.Y.
    Among alternate sources of electricity, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is gaining prominence due to its plentiful availability. Water pumping is an important application of solar PV power. However people are not opting for it in large numbers as "cost per watt" for solar pumping systems is high and the reliability is poor due to complex technology. The cost can be reduced by harnessing more power per unit installed capacity of the solar panel. One of the methods of realizing this is by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) wherein a power electronic converter is used to match pump with the PV panel. Currently "panel power" is the widely employed control parameter for MPPT. This approach can be referred to as MPPTPP. Present paper proposes load voltage as control parameter for MPPT. Varying the duty cycle of the MPPT converter such that load voltage is always maximum leads to harnessing maximum power output. This approach can be referred to as MPPTLV. Here only one parameter i.e. load voltage needs to be monitored. MPPTLV is simpler than MPPTPP as in the latter case it"s necessary to measure both panel voltage and current and then find their product. The proposed method is substantiated by theoretical explanation followed by simulation as well as experimentation results. The system considered is a standalone PV source connected to Permanent Magnet (PM) brushed DC motor driving centrifugal pump.
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    Modeling a grid connected photovoltaic system with perturb and observe based maximum power point tracking
    (2013) Naik, A.; Yaragatti, U.
    This article deals with the integration study of distributed generation (DG) in the form of a photovoltaic (PV) plant in a three-phase system. Here the active power generated by the photovoltaic (PV) plant is injected into the grid system through a current controlled dual inverter topology. The main contribution in this article is the dual inverter topology. In this topology, a three level inverter output is obtained which reduces the PV injected current harmonic distortion into the grid. The control algorithm used in this article is simple and easy to implement. The PV system is operated through a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) stage. Perturb & Observe (P&O) is the modeling approach of MPPT system operation. The system is simulated and analyzed for a different set of loads with renewable source at different atmospheric conditions using MATLAB/ Simulink tool. The grid current becomes sinusoidal with three levels inverter and compared to existing three levels methods the dual inverter method is simple and easy to implement.
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    Solar Load Voltage Tracking for Water Pumping: An Algorithm
    (Springer India sanjiv.goswami@springer.co.in, 2015) Kappali, M.; Udayakumar, R.Y.
    Maximum power is to be harnessed from solar photovoltaic (PV) panel to minimize the effective cost of solar energy. This is accomplished by maximum power point tracking (MPPT). There are different methods to realise MPPT. This paper proposes a simple algorithm to implement MPPTlv method in a closed loop environment for centrifugal pump driven by brushed PMDC motor. Simulation testing of the algorithm is done and the results are found to be encouraging and supportive of the proposed method MPPTlv. © 2014, The Institution of Engineers (India).
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    Single-phase seven-level grid-connected photovoltaic system with ripple correlation control maximum power point tracking
    (International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2016) Sandeep, N.; Yaragatti, R.Y.
    This paper puts forward a control scheme for single-phase photovoltaic (PV) fed grid connected with cascade Hbridge (CHB) inverter. A unique control strategy based on the voltage ratio is proposed and is embedded with ripple correlation control (RCC) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to ensure the efficient energy conversion. The control scheme employed enables the independent operation and control of individual DC link voltage, ensuring the extraction of maximum power available from each PV panel. In addition, low harmonic grid currents are generated with an arbitrary power factor. Independent control of active and reactive power is exercised by decoupled component method. Numerical simulation was performed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and results for three H-bridge cells connected in series are presented to support the theoretical concepts and control scheme proposed.
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    Design and implementation of single phase inverter based on Cuk converter for PV system
    (International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2017) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Anandh, N.; Kumar, N.S.
    In this paper, analysis and hardware implementation of a single phase inverter based on Cuk converter for PV system is presented. The buck-boost characteristic of such a converter promotes flexibility for both grid tied as well as standalone connections where the ac voltage is either higher than or lesser than the dc input voltage. Further Cuk based topologies have the better efficiency and voltage regulation, which is a lacking feature in a basic boost or a buck configuration. The proposed system not only offers continuous input and output current but also controlled voltage over a wider range. Hence this topology can serve as an expedient alternative converter stage for photovoltaic applications. In the proposed bidirectional two-switch Cuk converter, DSPIC30F2010 controller is used for controlling the duty ratio of switching pulses. Also, this controller generates PWM signals for the switches of single phase H-bridge inverter. The hardware results for the developed prototype of a Cuk converter based single phase inverter are presented. The developed scheme can easily be scalable to a much larger rating of the PV system.
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    Design and performance analysis of quantitative feedback theory based automated robust controller: An application to uncertain autonomous wind power system
    (AIMS Press, 2018) Gudimindla, G.; Manjunatha, S.K.
    Use of a robust controller for handling the operational uncertainties has become imperative in real time. This paper presents a modified fitness function based automated robust controller with the aid of quantitative feedback theory (QFT) using Genetic algorithm (GA). A controller exhibiting the desired decreasing modular plot and descending phase response is devised. The addition of arctangent function as one of the fitness function term is the proposed modification that facilitates in capturing the ideal controller characteristics. The proposed controller is applied to extract maximum power from a permanent magnet synchronous generator based autonomous wind power system. The step by step design guidelines for the automated QFT robust controller is deliberated in detail. The performance evaluation is carried out for step change and stochastically varying wind speed. Finally, benchmarking of the proposed controller against those available in the literature is accomplished through extensive simulations and it will be shown that the maximum power extraction along with least electromagnetic torque oscillations are achieved with the proposed fitness function based automated QFT controller. © 2018 the Author(s).
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    Maximum power point tracking technique using artificial bee colony and hill climbing algorithms during mismatch insolation conditions on PV array
    (Institution of Engineering and Technology journals@theiet.org, 2018) Goud, J.S.; Kalpana, R.; Singh, B.; Kumar, S.
    This study presents a single current sensor based hybrid maximum power point tracking method to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of the photovoltaic (PV) array during the mismatch insolation conditions. This method combines the artificial bee colony (ABC) and hill climbing (HC) algorithms to track the GMPP of a PV array. The proposed method uses the HC algorithm to identify the occurrence of mismatch insolation conditions on PV array. During the mismatch insolation conditions, the proposed method scans the battery charging current (Icharge) versus duty cycle (D) characteristics of the power electronic interface circuit to classify the type of shading pattern of P-V curve and also to identify the vicinity of the GMPP. Based on the kind of shading pattern of a P-V curve, the proposed method operates either ABC or HC algorithm to track the GMPP. To improve the convergence speed of the proposed method, the search space of the ABC algorithm is reduced. The proposed method is modelled and simulated in MATLAB software and its performance is validated experimentally for various mismatch insolation conditions. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2018.
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    Global Peak Tracking of Photovoltaic Array under Mismatching Conditions Using Current Control
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Ramana, V.V.; Mudlapur, M.; Damodaran, R.; Balasubramanian, B.; Mishra, S.
    Characteristics of photovoltaic arrays exhibit multiple peaks under mismatching conditions. In order to harness maximum energy, it is imperative to track the global maximum power point. A novel global peak tracking algorithm is proposed using current control in this paper. The proposed method operates in the backward phase and forward phase to track the global peak. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to track the global maximum accurately with minimum tracking time. The enhanced performance of the proposed algorithm is verified using simulations by comparing it with an existing method. Experimental validation is done using a solar array simulator, boost converter, resistive load, and dSPACE controller. Experimental results are in close agreement with simulation. The proposed algorithm is intended to track the global peak of a PV string that contains a group of modules. © 1986-2012 IEEE.
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    An Iterative Analytical Solution for Calculating Maximum Power Point in Photovoltaic Systems under Partial Shading Conditions
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Mudlapur, M.; Ramana, V.V.; Damodaran, R.; Balasubramanian, B.
    Detection of maximum power point (MPP) is one of the most sought-after topics in the field of photovoltaic systems. There are many approaches to detecting MPP, amongst these are analytical methods. Analytical methods use mathematical functions to solve the given problem and therefore are one of the dominant strategies. However, their applications to detect MPP have been limited to study only uniform shading conditions. The use of analytical methods to detect MPP for more challenging cases like partial shading conditions is yet to be investigated. In this brief, an analytical solution to identify MPP under partial shading conditions is proposed. Equations describing photovoltaic panels and MPP conditions are derived by applying fundamental circuit laws. The derived equations are non-linear and can be solved using numerical techniques available in most of the simulation packages. The proposed model can theoretically detect the MPP amongst 'N' peaks. The results from the simulation are verified by conducting experimentation with standard algorithms available in the literature. The results from simulation and experimentation are found to agree with each other. © 2004-2012 IEEE.
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    Small Signal Model for PV Fed Boost Converter in Continuous and Discontinuous Conduction Modes
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Mudlapur, M.; Ramana, V.V.; Damodaran, R.; Balasubramanian, B.
    Small signal models are of high importance in power electronic systems which exhibit highly non-linear properties. They provide access to stability and help in tuning controllers. Small signal models for many power electronic converters are seen in the literature. However, specific applications like photovoltaic systems demand the addition of a capacitor at the terminals of photovoltaic (PV) panel. Since this capacitor is connected between the PV panel terminals and the input of power converter, it is termed as input capacitor. The effect of the addition of input capacitor on system stability has not been addressed yet. In this brief, we derive the small signal models for PV fed boost converter operating in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction modes (DCM) of operation. The load is assumed as purely resistive; however, the analysis holds good for any practical loads. It is observed that in both CCM and DCM the stability of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system is independent of the input capacitance. It is also shown that the MPPT system is open loop stable for all operating conditions. The studied models are further validated with the experimental setup. © 2004-2012 IEEE.