Journal Articles
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Item Hydraulic and compaction characteristics of leachate-contaminated lateritic soil(2007) Nayak, S.; Sunil, B.M.; Shrihari, S.Large quantities of leachate-contaminated lateritic soil results from dump yards in the southwest coast of India. These dump yards receive large quantities of municipal solid waste which includes chemical, industrial and biomedical wastes. Large areas of land are currently being used for this purpose. An extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the compaction characteristics and hydraulic conductivity of clean and contaminated lateritic soil. Batch tests were used to study the immediate effect of leachate contamination on the properties of lateritic soil. Contaminated specimens were prepared by mixing the lateritic soil with leachate in the amount of 5%, 10% and 20% by weight to vary the degree of contamination. The results indicated a small reduction in maximum dry density and an increase in hydraulic conductivity due to leachate-contamination. The change induced by chemical reaction in the microstructure of the soil was studied by scanning electron microscope before and after contamination of soil with leachate. The structure of the leachate contaminated soil sample appeared to be aggregated in scanning electron microscope analysis. The aggregated structure increases the effective pore space and thus increases the hydraulic conductivity. Fifty percent increase in hydraulic conductivity was observed for specimens prepared at standard Proctor density and mixed with 20% leachate. Compaction characteristics did not change much with the presence of leachate up to 10%. With 20% leachate the maximum dry density decreased slightly indicating excess leachate in the soil. However the changes are not significant. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Quinolin-5-ylmethylene-3-{[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]thio}propanohydrazide as an effective inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in HCl solution(2008) Saliyan, V.R.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.Quinolin-5-ylmethylene-3-{[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]thio}propanohydrazide (QMQTPH) was synthesized, characterized and tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M and 2 M HCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Polarization resistances calculated from the EIS measurements were in good agreement with those obtained from direct current (DC) polarization measurements. The mild steel samples were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that QMQTPH is an excellent inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium. The inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface. It acts as an anodic inhibitor. In the 30° to 60 °C temperature range, the QMQTPH adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm model. The protection efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration in the range 10-5 - 10-3 M, but slightly decreased with increasing temperature. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in acid media by N'-benzylidene-3- (quinolin-4-ylthio)propanohydrazide(2008) Ramesh Saliyan, V.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.In the present investigation a new corrosion inhibitor, N'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-{[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]thio} propanohydrazide(DHBTPH) was synthesized, characterized and tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl (1 M, 2 M) and H2SO 4 (0.5 M, 1 M) solutions using weight-loss method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The corrosion inhibition efficiency measured by all the above three techniques were in good agreement with each other. The results showed that DHBTPH is a very good inhibitor for mild steel in acidic media. The inhibition efficiency in different acid media was found to be in the decreasing order 0.5 M H 2SO4 > 1 M HCl > 1M H2SO4 > 2 M HCL The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and with increasing temperature. It acts as an anodic inhibitor. Thermodynamic and activation parameters are discussed. Adsorption of DHBTPH was found to follow the Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. Chemisorption mechanism is proposed. The mild steel samples were also analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © Indian Academy of Sciences.Item Sliding wear behaviour of an epoxy system reinforced with particulate fly ash filler(Adcotec Ltd. info@sagepub.co.uk, 2009) Barpanda, P.; Kulkarni, S.M.; KishoreNeat epoxy and epoxy containing different volume fraction of as received fy ash particulate fller bearing composites were cast, sectioned and subjected to pin-on-disk tests for evaluating the wear behaviour. The wear tests were conducted for 1 kilometre distance under 1 kg load for sliding velocity ranging from 1 to 5 m/s. The results showed that both neat epoxy and fy ash bearing composites exhibit differing magnitudes of wear loss, it being highest for unreinforced neat epoxy system. The data trends point to the fact that wears loss decreases with increasing content of fy ash in composites. To explain these differences, the wear surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscope and the features thus observed were correlated with the mechanical data.Item Phase transformation, structural evolution, and mechanical property of nanostructured feal as a result of mechanical alloying(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2009) Rajath Hegde, M.M.R.; Surendranathan, A.O.The objective of the work is to synthesize nanostructured FeAl alloy powder by mechanical alloying (MEA). The work concentrates on the synthesis, characterization, and structural and mechanical properties of the alloy. Nanostructured FeAl intermetallics are prepared directly by MEA in a high-energy ball mill. Milling is performed under toluene solution to avoid contamination from the milling media and atmosphere. Mixtures of elemental Fe and Al are progressively transformed into a partially disordered solid solution with an average composition of Fe-50 at.% Al. Phase transformation, structural changes, morphology, particle size measurement, and chemical composition during MEA are investigated by X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Vickers microhardness (VMH) indentation tests are performed on the powders. The XRD and SEM studies reveal the alloying of elemental powders as well as transition to nanostructured alloy; crystallite size of 18 nm is obtained after 28 h of milling. Expansion/contraction in lattice parameter accompanied by reduction in crystallite size occurs during transition to nanostructured alloy. Longer milling introduces ordering in the alloyed powders as proved by the presence of superlattice reflection. Elemental and alloyed phases coexist while hardness increases during MEA. copy2009 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.Item Study of wear behaviour of austempered ductile iron(2009) Kumari, U.R.; Prasad Rao, P.P.An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of austempering temperature on microstructural parameters and the wear behaviour of austempered ductile iron. Ductile iron was austenitised at 900 °C for 30 min and austempered for 2 h at 260, 280, 300, 320, 350, 380 and 400 °C. Resulting microstructures were characterised through optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Wear test was carried out using a pin-on-disc machine with sliding speed of 289 m min-1. Coarse ausferrite microstructure exhibited higher wear rate than fine ausferrite microstructure. At high austempering temperature large amounts of austenite was instrumental in improving the wear resistance through formation of deformation induced martensite. Study of the wear surface under scanning electron microscope showed that, under dry sliding condition, wear occurred mainly due to adhesion and delamination. Wear rate was found to be dependent on the yield strength, austenite content and its carbon content. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.Item Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acid media by quinolinyl thiopropano hydrazone(2009) Saliyan, R.V.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.3-([8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]thio)-A''-(2)3,4- trihydroxybenzylidene)propano hydrazide (TQTHBH) was synthesized, characterized and tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HC1 and H2SO4 solutions using weight loss method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The corrosion inhibition efficiency results obtained by all the above three techniques were in good agreement with each other. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique is used to confirm the effectiveness of inhibition of mild steel corrosion in acid media. The results showed that TQTHBH is a good inhibitor for mild steel in acid media. The inhibition efficiency of TQTHBH in different media was in the following order: 2 M HC1 < 1 M H2SO4 < 1 M HC1 < 0.5 M H2S04. The inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface. The adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm. TQTHBH acts as an anodic inhibitor. The protection efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration in the range 0.222 x 10"4 - 11.086 x 10^ M, also slightly increased with increasing temperature. Chemisorption mechanism is proposed. The apparent activation energies and enthalpies for the adsorption process were determined. The fundamental thermodynamic functions were used to gain information about TQTHBH inhibitory behaviour.Item N?-[4-(diethylamino)benzylidine]-3-{[8-(trifluoromethyl) quinolin-4-yl]thio}propano hydrazide) as an effective inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in acid media(2009) Ramesh, S.V.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.N?-[4-(diethylamino)benzylidine]-3-{[8-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]thio}propano hydrazide (DEQTPH) was newly synthesized, characterized and tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl (1 M, 2 M) and H2SO4 (0.5 M, 1 M) solutions using weight loss method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization method. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies measured by all the above three techniques were in good agreement with each other. The mild steel samples were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that DEQTPH is an excellent inhibitor for mild steel in acid media. The inhibition efficiency in different acid media was found to be in the order, 0.5 M H2SO4 > 1.0 M HCl > 2.0 M HCl > 1.0 M H2SO4. The inhibition was assumed to occur via adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface. It acts as an anodic inhibitor. In the 30-60 °C temperature range, the DEQTPH adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm model. The protection efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration in the range 0.2 × 10-4 to 10.5 × 10-4 M and slightly increased with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic characteristics were discussed. Chemisorption mechanism is proposed. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Supramolecular synthons in noncovalent synthesis of a class of gelators derived from simple organic salts: Instant gelation of organic fluids at room temperature via in situ synthesis of the gelators(2009) Das, U.K.; Trivedi, D.R.; Adarsh, N.N.; Dastidar, P.(Chemical Equation Presented) The supramolecular synthon approach has been employed to synthesize noncovalently a series of low molecular mass organic gelators (LMOGs) derived from benzylammonium salts of variously substituted benzoic acids. The majority of the salts (75%) prepared showed interesting gelation properties. Instant gelation of an organic fluid, namely methyl salicylate, was achieved at room temperature by using most of the gelator salts by in situ synthesis of the gelators. Table top rheology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the gels. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of both 1D and 2D supramolecular synthons. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies indicated the presence of various crystalline phases in the fibers of the xerogels. By using these data, a structure-property correlation has been attempted and the working hypothesis for designing the gelator has been reinforced. © 2009 American Chemical Society.Item Phase transformation, structural evolution and mechanical property of nanostructured FeAl as a result of mechanical alloying(2009) Rajath Hegde, M.M.R.; Surendranathan, A.O.Objective of the work was to synthesize nanostructured FeAl alloy powder by mechanical alloying (MEA). The work concentrated on synthesis, characterization, structural and mechanical properties of the alloy. Nanostructured FeAl intermetallics were prepared directly by MEA in a high energy rate ball mill. Milling was performed under toluene solution to avoid contamination from the milling media and atmosphere. Mixtures of elemental Fe and Al were progressively transformed into a partially disordered solid solution with an average composition of Fe-50 at % Al. Phase transformation, structural changes, morphology, particle size measurement and chemical composition during MEA were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) respectively. Vickers micro hardness (VMH) indentation tests were performed on the powders. XRD and SEM studies revealed the alloying of elemental powders as well as transition to nanostructured alloy, crystallite size of 18 nm was obtained after 28 hours of milling. Expansion/contraction in lattice parameter accompanied by reduction in crystallite size occurs during transition to nanostructured alloy. Longer milling duration introduces ordering in the alloyed powders as proved by the presence of superlattice reflection. Elemental and alloyed phase coexist while hardness increased during MEA. © 2009 Allerton Press, Inc.