Journal Articles
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Item A Comparative Study of Illumination Invariant Techniques in Video Tracking Perspective(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2020) Asha, C.S.; Narasimhadhan, A.V.Object tracking is being utilized in the field of computer vision over decades for video surveillance, human–computer interaction and robotic applications. Even though the state-of-the-art tracking technology is rapidly growing, few issues are still challenging such as illumination variation, pose variation, scale changes, occlusion, etc. Among these challenges, sudden illumination variation is more complicated which is not solved completely. Most of the current trackers, indeed work under controlled illumination conditions in outdoor and indoor environments. In this work, we study the effect of adding the photometric normalization techniques prior to tracking in order to minimize the drift during abrupt light changes of the median flow tracker (MFT). The tracker under investigation is based on the optical flow method and achieved remarkable results in the tracking literature. However, it drifts off during sudden illumination variation. To resolve this problem, pre-processing technique is incorporated just before tracking. Hence, we present an experimental study of various pre-processing techniques to improve the accuracy of the MFT. A total of eight state-of-the-art normalization techniques are summarized and tested in video tracking perspective. The experiments are carried out with the video sequences obtained from the object tracking benchmark dataset posing sudden illumination change as a challenge to analyze the modified tracker. A comparative analysis indicates that the modified tracker outperforms the baseline tracker in terms of precision score and overlap score. © 2019 IETE.Item Recent advances in 2D MXenes for enhanced cation intercalation in energy harvesting Applications: A review(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Hemanth, N.R.; Balasubramanian, B.An advanced energy harvesting device that can be powerful with rapid storage mechanism, effective conservation, intact and secure recycling presently fascinate and are increasingly developed with the proper synthesis strategy and combination of nanomaterials with complementary properties. In 2011 extensive research has led to the wide emanating family of two-dimensional (2D) multi-layered transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides in conjunction with surface terminations namely fluorine, hydroxyl or oxygen which add hydrophilicity to their surfaces, these are collectively known as MXenes, they are derived from a selective etching of atomically thin sheets of ‘A’ element from MAX phases in the acidic solutions which contain aqueous fluoride. The gifted chemistry and unique morphology of MXenes allow us to use them for distinct applications which includes energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, anti-bacterial activity, nanofiltration of water, reinforcements, nuclear waste management, and catalysis. The excellent properties inclusive of high lithium (Li) storage capacity, rapid diffusion of Li, and low operating voltage make the MXenes a promising electrode, the macroporous Ti3C2Tx sheets display gravimetric nearly 210 Fg−1 at scan rates of 10 Vs−1 which exceeds finest carbon supercapacitor and MXene hydrogels can have volumetric capacitances nearly 1500 F·cm−3. In this context, this review provides state of the art for the synthesis of MXenes, it's structure, intercalation, delamination, properties and thorough understanding between nanostructure and electrochemical performance which will encourage further study of 2D MXenes in energy harvesting applications. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.Item Friction-free permanent magnet bearings for rotating shafts: A comprehensive review(Electromagnetics Academy, 2020) Bekinal, S.I.; Doddamani, M.This article presents a comprehensive review of modeling, analysis, and development of permanent magnet bearings (PMB) for rotating shafts. The different configurations of PMB are highlighted with relevant approaches to estimate their features. The progress in mathematical approaches adopted and optimization of the static and dynamic bearing characteristics in terms of accuracy are discussed in depth. Further, key developments on instability issues and their realization in combination with other bearings for rotors stability in low and high-speed applications are reviewed. Finally, concluding remarks on key aspects to be followed in the design and development of PMB are presented. © 2020, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.Item Synthesis of highly-branched alkanes for renewable gasoline(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Mascal, M.; Dutta, S.The gasoline market in the US is nearly twice that of diesel and jet fuel combined, and yet, nearly all research efforts to produce synthetic, biobased fuels center around these latter products. The reason for this is that a major component of gasoline is highly branched alkanes which, unlike straight chained products, are not readily derived from either fatty acid- or carbohydrate-based feedstocks. This review unpacks the motivations behind renewable gasoline synthesis and examines representative approaches to the targeted, de novo synthesis of densely-branched, high-octane isoalkanes and cycloalkanes employing chemocatalytic methods, as contrasted with the catalytic refining of biomass-derived feeds using petrochemical technologies. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.Item Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Syntheses of Indazoles(Wiley-VCH Verlag info@wiley-vch.de, 2020) Janardhanan, J.C.; Bhaskaran, R.P.; Praveen, V.K.; Manoj, N.; Babu, B.P.Indazole is an important heterocyclic scaffold exhibiting a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and plays a crucial role in drug design. In recent years, indazoles have gained attention in materials chemistry owing to their promising photophysical properties. The biomedical importance and natural rarity inspire the development of new practical syntheses of the indazole core. In this review, we are presenting a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of indazole during the last decade. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbHItem Phytochemical drug candidates for the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in inflammatory bowel diseases(John Wiley and Sons Ltd vgorayska@wiley.com Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, 2020) Venkataraman, B.; Ojha, S.; Belur, P.D.; Bhongade, B.; Raj, V.; Collin, P.D.; Adrian, T.E.; Subramanya, S.B.Plant-based compounds or phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and polyphenols have been used extensively in traditional medicine for centuries and more recently in Western alternative medicine. Extensive evidence suggests that consumption of dietary polyphenolic compounds lowers the risk of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of several phytochemicals are mediated through ligand-inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly the PPARγ transcription factor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is represented by ulcerative colitis, which occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and Crohn's disease (CD) that can involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. Because of the lack of cost-effective pharmaceutical treatment options, many IBD patients seek and use alternative and unconventional therapies to alleviate their symptoms. PPARγ plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells. The phytochemicals reported here are ligands that activate PPARγ, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. PPARγ is highly expressed in the gut making it a potential therapeutic target for IBDs. This review summarizes the effects of the currently published phytochemicals that modulate the PPARγ pathway and reduce or eliminate colonic inflammation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Sustainable Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Photoredox Reactions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications(Wiley-VCH Verlag info@wiley-vch.de, 2020) Bhattacharya, C.; Saji, S.E.; Mohan, A.; Madav, V.; Jia, G.; Yin, Z.Plasmonic materials with their unique properties, such as light-excitable resonant oscillation of conduction electrons, strong local electric field, and energetic hot charges (electrons/holes) etc., have overcome the limitations of traditional photoredox catalysts. They are especially important due to their superior light focusing ability, from free-space wavelengths to the sub-wavelength range. Although noble metal plasmonic enhancement has been recognized as one of the most important strategies in photocatalysis, the high cost and limited spectral range absorption of noble metals remain the biggest challenges for their practical application, which has led to a gradual shift in the focus on the abundant and less expensive non-noble metal plasmonics. Recently, various non-noble plasmonic materials such as non-noble metals (Cu, Al, Ni and Bi), metal oxides and chalcogenides (WO3-x, MoO3-x, NiO, MNbO3, where M = Ca, Sr or Ba; Fe2O3, SrTiO3, In2O3, Cu2-xS and Bi2Se3), nitrides (TiN, ZrN, HfN and WN) have emerged as efficient photocatalysts. Herein, the door to the relatively new and exciting world of noble metal-free plasmonic materials and their promising applicability in solar-energy driven photo-redox catalysis such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction, organic transformations and environment remediation is opened. Their synthesis methods and a plethora of characterization techniques are also systematically exhibited. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbHItem Multifunctional conjugated 1,6-heptadiynes and its derivatives stimulated molecular electronics: Future moletronics(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Magisetty, R.; Hemanth, N.R.; Kumar, P.; Shukla, A.; Shunmugam, R.; Balasubramanian, B.Over the past decade conducting polymers have been studied for electronic applications, among them, molecular electronics: the study and investigation of molecular building blocks is a next-generation demanded area of research. Hence, the moletronic equivalent multi-functional advantages of cyclopolymerized 1,6-heptadiyne (HD) systems explored in this review. Further, this report elucidates physical properties via conditional cyclopolymerization methodologies, it describes the chemistry of tethering molecular-chains facilitated intrinsic-conductivity. HD and its derivatives induce superior conductivity characteristics via doping elements, wherein, significant electronic conductivity mechanism is attributable to the solitons and anti-solitons, which was described in this context. HD and their derivatives molecular mechanism, its compatibility are expounded for moletronic application, which is new insight of the article. Moreover, required inherent characteristics, for e.g., thermal-stability, chemical-resistance, mechanical properties, magnetic, and electronic properties have been discussed. Furthermore, failures, physical limitations, and its realizable similarity solutions for moletronics have described. Though electronic or moletronic components having failures and other physical limitations, HDs offers excellent conductivity with wide functional and physical properties that could lead to potential candidates to deliver efficient and low-cost moletronic devices. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Uncertainties in predicting impacts of climate change on hydrology in basin scale: a review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2020) Jose, D.M.; Dwarakish, G.S.The sensitivity of the hydrological system to climate change and the role of hydrological systems in the environment have motivated researchers to study the impacts of climate change on hydrology. Modelling the hydrological impacts of climate change is generally done in various stages and has uncertainty associated with each of them. These include scenario uncertainty in climate scenario selection, model uncertainty in climate simulation by global climatic models (GCMs), uncertainties while downscaling GCMs, biases in downscaled data, erroneous input to the hydrological model, and uncertainty in the structure and parameterisation of the hydrological model. The present paper aims at reviewing the uncertainties involved at each stage of climate change impact assessment of hydrology. In the near future, climate scenario uncertainties would be smaller than those associated with the choice of GCMs. Multi-model ensemble approach takes better account of uncertainties involved with GCMs. Moreover, considering a range of possible climate scenarios is recommended than using a single best or average case climate scenario. GCMs shall be downscaled by statistical or dynamical methods (regional climatic models (RCMs)) before using them for regional studies. Bias correction methods can considerably improve the RCM simulations. Evaluation of model performance is recommended for regional-scale studies for the preparation of adaptation strategies. Taking into account the uncertainties associated with climate impact studies can help formulate effective adaptation strategies. © 2020, Saudi Society for Geosciences.Item A basic review of fuzzy logic applications in hydrology and water resources(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Kambalimath S, S.; Deka, P.C.In recent years, fuzzy logic has emerged as a powerful technique in the analysis of hydrologic components and decision making in water resources. Problems related to hydrology often deal with imprecision and vagueness, which can be very well handled by fuzzy logic-based models. This paper reviews a variety of applications of fuzzy logic in the domain of hydrology and water resources in brief. So far in the literature, fuzzy logic-based hybrid models have been significantly applied in hydrologic studies. Furthermore, in this paper, the literature is reviewed on the basis of applications using pure fuzzy logic models and applications using hybrid-fuzzy modeling approach. This review suggests that hybrid-fuzzy modeling approach works well in many applications of hydrology when compared with pure fuzzy logic modeling. © 2020, The Author(s).