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Item Environmental sustainability of waste glass as a valuable construction material - A critical review(EM International rktem@pn3.vsnl.net.in, 2018) Sudharsan, N.; Palanisamy, T.; Yaragal, S.C.The increased demand for concrete as a construction material leads to increase in cement production. The formulation of cement, emits a significant amount of CO2 to the atmosphere, which causes severe environmental pollution. Many efforts are being made to reduce the use of Portland cement in concrete to avoid environmental issues. These efforts mainly involve the utilization of value added materials in concrete. In this context, the waste glass powder has excellent pozzolanic properties, to use glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. The use of waste glass powder in concrete has many economic and environmental benefits. This paper summarizes the literature regarding the utilization of waste glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material in mortar and concrete. © 2018 EM International. All rights reserved.Item The wind tunnel experiments were conducted over a solid/perforated plate with a long splitter plate in its plane of symmetry. The effect of varied level of perforation of the normal plate on the behaviour of two dimensional separation bubble was studied. The mean velocity and surface mean pressure distributions were also measured after preliminary flow visualization studies. The normal plate perforation levels used are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The Reynolds number based on step height was varied from 4 × 103 to 1.2 × 104. Mean pressures were found to be strongly dependent on perforation level of the normal plate. The shape and size of the bubble vary with different perforated normal plate that is to say, the bubble gels reduced both in height and length upto 30% perforation level. For higher perforation of the normal plate, the bubble is completely swept out. © 2002 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.(An experimental investigation of mean flow field behind perforated plates on a flat surface) Yaragal, S.C.; Govind Ram, H.S.; Murthy, K.K.2002Item The wind tunnel experiments were conducted on a series of two-dimensional isosceles triangular cylinders of 28 mm base height and different vertex angles (2? = 30°, 60° and 90°), to study the distribution of unsteady static pressures in the wake region and to ascertain if they could be correlated. The velocity ranged from 5 to 15 m/s in the present study. The study reveals that the maximum coefficient of fluctuating pressures in the wake bears a constant ratio with base pressure coefficients for the models studied, and it is found to be 0.40. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.(Wake pressure flow field characteristics associated with two dimensional triangular prisms) Yaragal, S.C.; Govinda Ram, H.S.2005Item Wind tunnel experiments were conducted on a series of two-dimensional perforated plates normal to an air stream to study the characteristics of unsteady wake pressures and to ascertain the parameters amongst which a certain level of correlation can be established. The velocity ranged from 5 m/s to 15 m/s in the present study. The pressure field gets significantly modified as the perforation level increases. The present study is concerned with three plates with perforation level of 0%, 25% and 35%. There appears to be a correlation between the maximum normalized value of the RMS pressure fluctuation levels, base pressure and the perforation level of the normal plate.(Experimental investigation of the 2-D flow field associated with bleed flows) Yaragal, S.C.; Govinda Ram, H.S.; Tamura, Y.2005Item Performance of major ports using performance appraisal index(2007) Yaragal, S.C.; Nagaraj, M.K.Infrastructure plays a very important role in the economic progress of the nation. 90% of the international cargo is transported by the ships. In this view, the performance of ports plays an important role. The performance of the port should be assured based on multiple parameters. Such a study helps not only in comparing different ports based on performance, but also helps in corrective measures, identifying weakness areas and strengthening of key parameters. In the present study, a performance appraisal index for major ports is evolved using different parameters, to compare the efficiency of major ports in India. Important parameters are selected from the statistics of major ports in India. Sensitivity analyses are also performed, to evolve strategies for productive decision making for better performance.Item Load-moment interaction envelopes for design of tall stacks - A limit state approach(2007) Babu Narayan, K.S.B.; Yaragal, S.C.Chimneys act as an indirect and effective means of air pollution control and have been popular from time immemorial. Environmental protection agencies have been forced to frame, implement and monitor stringent pollution control policies. With control regulations becoming more stringent, chimneys of heights over 400 m are being erected and used. Design of reinforced concrete tall stacks for load and wind induced moments by trial and error technique involves rigorous computational efforts. Availability of interaction envelopes help reduce computational time. This paper presents such design aids for tall stacks.Item Combined optimisation simulation model for groundwater management policy options(2007) Yaragal, S.C.; Nagaraj, M.K.Water resources system being quite complex in-nature, modelling involves several variables and parameters. A large number of models have been developed for analysis of water resources system. Most of the models developed are of simulation optimisation type. In general water management models which generally use the governing partial differential equation of now, the problem is formulated using either finite difference techniques or finite element method. In this paper, a hybrid model is formulated which simulates the groundwater system and optimises the same. The model developed has been used to study the effects of variation in pumping factors on the optimal values and on the yearly yield from the system, for a chosen pattern of pumping. The model has been analysed for three different boundary conditions. The aquifer model is descritised into 64 grids and a particular pumping pattern is chosen in the present study. The governing partial differential equation for groundwater now is reduced to algebraic linear equations using finite differences scheme and they are then embedded as a set of constraints in the model. For the chosen pumping pattern, the pumping factor plays a key role, depending on the boundary conditions, in achieving an optimum solution. Here, minimisation of heads is considered for optimisation. The model helps in simulating a complex groundwater system and evaluating certain policy for groundwater management.