Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/19884
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Item A high efficiency on-chip reconfigurable Doherty power amplifier for LTE communication cells(John Wiley and Sons Inc. P.O.Box 18667 Newark NJ 07191-8667, 2018) Kumar, R.; Kanuajia, B.K.; Dwari, S.; Kumar, S.; Song, H.In this paper, a high efficiency on-chip reconfigurable Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with proposed topology is proposed for LTE or 4G communication cells. The proposed DPA consists of input driver topology, hybrid coupler, asymmetric amplifiers, and 1:1 balun filtered network. The proposed input driver circuit provides wide amplified signal operation within range of 2.3GHz to 6GHz with flat gain of 33 dB. The amplified signal is unsteadily divided into two paths toward the carrier and the power amplifier by 900 hybrid couplers and demonstrates 27.6 dB and 28.3 dB of gain along with 83.2% and 84.5% of power added efficiency at average output power of 40 dBm. The high efficiency and almost flatness in gain stability of proposed DPA providing better solution in order to overcome the interference and the broadband issues for LTE communication cells. The balun-filtered network is employed for combined the two outputs of carrier and peak amplifiers that provides more uniform desired band of operation in the frequency responses. The proposed DPA circuit are implemented and optimized by using advanced design RF simulator platform. The fabricated chip is made by using 0.13 ?m GaN HEMT on Si-Nitride monolithic microwave integrated circuit die process. The fabricated chip of DPA provides 85% of PAE with 28 dB gain which are made close agreement with simulation results. The size of chip is 2.8*1.2mm2 which occupies less die area as compared to existing DPAs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item An Integrated Approach of CNT Front-end Amplifier towards Spikes Monitoring for Neuro-prosthetic Diagnosis(SpringerOpen, 2018) Kumar, S.; Kim, B.-S.; Song, H.The future neuro-prosthetic devices would be required spikes data monitoring through sub-nanoscale transistors that enables to neuroscientists and clinicals for scalable, wireless and implantable applications. This research investigates the spikes monitoring through integrated CNT front-end amplifier for neuro-prosthetic diagnosis. The proposed carbon nanotube-based architecture consists of front-end amplifier (FEA), integrate fire neuron and pseudo resistor technique that observed high electrical performance through neural activity. A pseudo resistor technique ensures large input impedance for integrated FEA by compensating the input leakage current. While carbon nanotube based FEA provides low-voltage operation with directly impacts on the power consumption and also give detector size that demonstrates fidelity of the neural signals. The observed neural activity shows amplitude of spiking in terms of action potential up to 80 ?V while local field potentials up to 40 mV by using proposed architecture. This fully integrated architecture is implemented in Analog cadence virtuoso using design kit of CNT process. The fabricated chip consumes less power consumption of 2 ?W under the supply voltage of 0.7 V. The experimental and simulated results of the integrated FEA achieves 60 G? of input impedance and input referred noise of 8.5 nv/Hzover the wide bandwidth. Moreover, measured gain of the amplifier achieves 75 dB midband from range of 1 KHz to 35 KHz. The proposed research provides refreshing neural recording data through nanotube integrated circuit and which could be beneficial for the next generation neuroscientists. © 2018, The Korean BioChip Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item An integrated cascode DE power amplifier for RF calibration system towards measurement of bio-sensor applications(John Wiley and Sons Inc. P.O.Box 18667 Newark NJ 07191-8667, 2019) Kumar, R.; Kumar Kanaujia, B.K.; Dwari, S.; Kumar, S.; Song, H.The integrated cascode DE power amplifier for RF calibration system toward measurement of bio-sensor applications is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture includes cascode class-D and class-E amplifier stages that could provide better calibration accuracy in terms of wide bandwidth, power efficiency, high gain, minimum group delay, and lowest calibration system. The achieved high performance of proposed amplifier overcomes conventional measurement issues toward bio-sensor application. The inductive ?-shape matching network drives RF input to class-D stage and provides wide bandwidth of operation. While class-E stage with T-shape matching network maintains stable gain and high efficiency in desired band of operation. The performance of the CMOS proposed amplifier is executed in RF ADS simulator along with fabricated chip using commercial TSMC 65 nm manufacturing process. The simulated and measured data achieves Ku band (12 GHz to 18 GHz) with almost flat gain of 30 dB. The DE amplifier provides an output and saturated power of 17 dBm with highest power efficiency of 45%. The measured calibration factor at maximum resonant frequency of 13.5 GHz achieves best value of less than 2 dB within input power range of ?50 dBm to 0 dBm. The lowest calibration factor provides best accuracy along with the other parameters and could be beneficial toward bio-sensor measurement in the various applications. The calculated area of the fabricated chip is as 0.45*0.45mm2 where class-E consuming area of 38% and class-D of 44%. The fabricated chip consumes less power consumption of 3.2 mW under power supply of 1 V. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item Reconfigurable Wide Bandwidth Using Novel Extraction Technique of Slotted Monopole Antenna with RF CNT Network(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2019) Kumar, S.; Song, H.; Kanuajia, B.K.This work first moment focuses on the concept of reconfigurable wide bandwidth using novel extraction technique of slotted monopole antenna with RF carbon nanotube (CNT) network. The entire approach is folded into four different designs. The first design proposes a monopole antenna where asymmetric flower type corners and mushroom shape encloses by T-slot is cut on the patch. This new shaped antenna covers wide impedance bandwidth of about 14.5 GHz within range from 21.5 to 36 GHz. The proposed antenna observed that lower bands are excited with new resonating modes by inserting T-slot upon mushroom shape while higher bands are effected due to asymmetric flower type corners on the patch. A wide range of gain from 16.3 to 20.5 dB with maximum axial ratio bandwidth of 2.8% is also succeed. Measured and simulation results for proposed antenna shows good agreement with each other. In second design, a novel extraction technique is used for equivalent model of slotted monopole antenna which shows promising agreement with the original geometry. Thirdly, introduces RF CNT equivalent model which demonstrates its ability to resonant at wideband within range of 12.4–25.1 GHz with 68% of fractional impedance bandwidth. Finally, RF equivalent model of slotted monopole antenna is integrated with CNT for the proper operation. The fabrication of integration network scenario proves notability of reconfiguration in aspect of wide bandwidth with the compactness. A frequency switchable notability dominant some excited additional resonant modes using proper impedance matching between proposed antenna and RF CNT. This proposed work is fascinating to our integration network which fully covered K-band and almost for Ka-band application. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Investigation of CMOS Based Integration Approach Using DAI Technique for Next Generation Wireless Networks(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2019) Roy, G.M.; Kanuajia, B.K.; Dwari, S.; Kumar, S.; Song, H.This research work investigates a CMOS based low noise amplifier (LNA) using differential active inductor with eight-shaped patch antenna for next generation wireless communication. The proposed work conceded into three different phases. The first phase proposes LNA architecture which includes multistage cascode amplifier with a gate inductor gain peaking technique. The ground approach for this architecture employs active inductor technique that includes two stages of differential amplifier. The proposed novel technique leads to give incremental in inductance by using of common mode feedback resistor and lowers the undesirable parasitic resistance effect. Additionally, this technique offers gain enhanced noise cancellation and achieves a frequency band of around 5.7 GHz. The proposed architecture includes single stage differential AI and enhances the bandwidth up to 6.8 GHz with peak gain of 21 dB at 7.8 GHz. The noise figure and stability factor are achieved which is reasonably good at 1 dB. The proposed architecture is design and optimized on advanced design RF simulator using 0.045 µm CMOS process technology. While in second phase, a narrow band eight-shaped patch antenna is designed which provides operating band range from 5.8 to 6.5 GHz with 6.2 GHz resonating frequency. Highest peak gain of 15 dB and maximum radiation power of 42.5 dBm is succeed by proposed antenna. The final phase provides integration strategy of LNA with antenna and achieves desired gain of nearly 21 dB with minimum NF of 1.2–1.5 dB in the same band. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item A review on functional polymer-clay based nanocomposite membranes for treatment of water(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Buruga, K.; Song, H.; Shang, J.; Bolan, N.; Kalathi, J.T.; Kim, K.-H.Water is essential for every living being. Increasing population, mismanagement of water sources, urbanization, industrialization, globalization, and global warming have all contributed to the scarcity of fresh water sources and the growing demand of such resources. Securing and allocating sufficient water resources has thus become one of the current major global challenges. Membrane technology has dominated the field of water purification due to its ease of usage and fabrication with high efficiency. The development of novel membrane materials can hence play a central role in advancing the field of membrane technology. It is noted that polymer-clay nanocomposites have been used widely for treatment of waste water. Nonetheless, not much efforts have been put to functionalize their membranes to be selective for specific targets. This review was organized to offer better insights into various types of functional polymer and clays composite membranes developed for efficient treatment and purification of water/wastewater. Our discussion was extended further to evaluate the efficacy of membrane techniques employed in the water industry against major chemical (e.g., heavy metal, dye, and phenol) and biological contaminants (e.g., biofouling). © 2019 Elsevier B.V.Item A novel characterization and performance measurement of memristor devices for synaptic emulators in advanced neuro-computing(MDPI AG indexing@mdpi.com Postfach Basel CH-4005, 2020) Al-Shidaifat, A.; Chakrabartty, S.; Kumar, S.; Acharjee, S.; Song, H.The advanced neuro-computing field requires new memristor devices with great potential as synaptic emulators between pre-and postsynaptic neurons. This paper presents memristor devices with TiO2 Nanoparticles (NPs)/Ag(Silver) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles (NPs)/Au(Gold) electrodes for synaptic emulators in an advanced neurocomputing application. A comparative study between Ag(Silver)-and Au(Gold)-based memristor devices is presented where the Ag electrode provides the improved performance, as compared to the Au electrode. Device characterization is observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image, which displays the grown electrode, while the morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) is verified by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The resistive switching (RS) phenomena observed in Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 shows the sweeping mechanism for low resistance and high resistance states. The resistive switching time of Au/TiO2 NPs and Ag/TiO2 NPs is calculated, while the theoretical validation of the memory window demonstrates memristor behavior as a synaptic emulator. Measurement of the capacitor-voltage curve shows that the memristor with Ag contact is a good candidate for charge storage as compared to Au. The classification of 3 x 3 pixel black/white image is demonstrated by the 3 x 3 cross bar memristor with pre-and post-neuron system. The proposed memristor devices with the Ag electrode demonstrate the adequate performance compared to the Au electrode, and may present noteworthy advantages in the field of neuromorphic computing. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item A novel chaotic modulation approach of packaged antenna for secured wireless medical sensor network in E-healthcare applications(John Wiley and Sons Inc. P.O.Box 18667 Newark NJ 07191-8667, 2020) Jayawickrama, C.; Kumar, S.; Chakrabartty, S.; Song, H.This article first time reports the chaotic modulation approach toward RF signal processing for secured wireless medical sensor network (WMSN) in E-healthcare applications. A Lorenz based chaotic modulation approach is implemented which provides lowest bit error rate (BER). The definite analytical expressions for BER in a differential chaos-shift keying (DCSK) modulation scheme is derived and it predicted good correlation between simulated and theoretical. It is observed that proposed Lorenz chaos-based DCSK modulation scheme is a potential candidate to provide high security in the patient data for WMSN. An off-body UWB slotted antenna is designed which could avoid limitation of short-range distance like implanted ones. The entire work includes numerical, simulated and experimental data in three phases. In first phase, Lorenz chaotic oscillator with electronics compatibility is executed which acts as data acquisition unit and demonstrates two-dimensional and three-dimensional chaos attractors. While in the second phase, analysis of BER achieves value of less than 10?4 by providing pseudorandom bit sequence at 5 Gb/s. A chaos modulated envelope using Lorenz based DCSK modulation is obtained by delay element ?. Finally, the third phase is designed on-wafer off-body antenna and demonstrates 3.1 to 10.6 GHz UWB toward RF signal processing in E-healthcare applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Item Performance of cascode Class-EF?1 PA with built-in techniques for UWB radar toward monitoring of patient actions(Institution of Engineering and Technology kvukmirovic@theiet.org, 2020) Kumar, R.; Dwari, S.; Kumar Kanaujia, B.K.; Kumar, S.; Song, H.This work proposes a performance of the cascode Class-EF?1 power amplifier (PA) for UWB radar transmitter. The cascode Class-E PA with built-in techniques overcomes the traditional mismatch and provides good performance of PA. Incurs the resonance and switching effect is observed in cascode Class-E PA that compensates for the parasitic effects and provides a wide-impedance range. While design-II includes negative capacitance and inverse Class-F, which achieves a redundant performance of wide bandwidth and power-added efficiency (PAE). Design-II achieves the redundant performance compared with design-I. Both design-I and design-II are implemented and analysed through simulation and experimental results using RF 65 nm Samsung Magnachip Hynix CMOS process. Design-I achieves a wide-impedance bandwidth ranging from 3 to 11.7 GHz with drain efficiency (DE) and maximum PAE of 80 and 73% at the output power of 26.4 dBm. The global efficiency (GE) and error vector magnitude (EVM) of 70 and 5.2% are also achieving for design-I. The redundant performance in design-II achieves wide bandwidth with operating frequency range of 2-13 GHz with maximum DE and PAE of 85 and 76%. For design-II, GE and EVM are investigated as 68 and 4.9% that could validate the accuracy and robustness of the UWB radar. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019Item A Conceptual Investigation at the Interface between Wireless Power Devices and CMOS Neuron IC for Retinal Image Acquisition(MDPI, 2020) Al-Shidaifat, A.; Kumar, S.; Chakrabartty, S.; Song, H.In this paper, a conceptual investigation of the interface between wireless power devices and a retina complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) neuron integrated circuit (IC) have been presented. The proposed investigation consists of three designs: design-I, design-II, and design-III. Design-I involves a slotted loop monopole antenna as per American National Standards Institute (ANSI) guidelines, which achieve an ultra-wide band ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The biocompatible antenna is made on silicon-nitride substrate using on-wafer packaging technology and it is used as a receiver device. The performance of antenna provides a wideband, sufficient power to receive, and low losses due to the avoidance of printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication. A CMOS based multi-stack power harvesting circuit achieves the output power ranging from 4 mW to 2.7 W and corresponds from the selected Radio Frequency (RF) bands of loop antenna is exhibited in design-II. The power efficiency of 40% to 82%, with respect to output powers of 4 mW to 2.7 W, is achieved. Design-III includes a CMOS based retina neuron circuit that employs a dynamic feedback technique and support to achieve the number of read-out spikes. At the end of the interface between wireless power devices and a CMOS retina neuron IC, 50 mV read-out spikes are achieved, with varying light intensity, from 0 mW/cm2 to 2 mW/cm2. The proposed design-II and design-III are implemented and fabricated using commercial CMOS 0.065 µm, Samsung process. The antenna and RF power harvesting IC could be placed on a contact lens platform while retina neuron IC can be implanted after ganglions cells inside the eye. The antenna and harvesting IC are physically connected to the retina circuit in the form of light. This conceptual investigation could support medical professionals in achieving an interfacing approach to restore the image visualization. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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