Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/19884
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Item Effect of oxygen enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission of single cylinder stationary CI engine fueled with cardanol diesel blends(Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Mohanan, P.We investigated the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct-injection stationary diesel engine fueled with non- edible alternative fuel, namely, cardanol - diesel - methanol blend (B20M10). The results were compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The bio-fuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% Methanol, and 70% diesel) was used as fuel and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics were investigated by oxygen enriching of intake air with 3, 5, and 7 percentage by weight. With the increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO, HC, and smoke were found to be decreased. But BTE and NOx emission were considerably increased. The blended fuel B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air was compared with diesel operation. The results show a 0.5% lesser BTE, 28% more NOx emission at full load condition. There is not much variation of smoke emission to be noticed for this fuel combination compared to diesel. © 2014 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item Synthesis and characterization of novel sulfanilic acid-polyvinyl chloride-polysulfone blend membranes for metal ion rejection(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Nayak, V.; Jyothi, M.S.; Balakrishna, R.G.; Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.Near-complete removal of heavy metals, namely Cd(ii), Cr(vi) and Pb(ii), has been attempted by a membrane purification process using a blend of modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polysulfone (PSf), prepared by the diffusion induced phase separation (DIPS) method. The prepared novel material was characterized by NMR, ATR-IR spectroscopy and DSC. The sulphonyl groups incorporated into PVC enhance the hydrophilicity and are substantiated by water uptake, contact angle (CA) and flux studies. The obtained properties of the blend membrane like increased surface roughness and porosity are observed from AFM and SEM analysis. An enhanced rejection of ?95% which is about 1.15, 1.41 and 1.37 times better than the commercially available NF 270 membrane was observed, for Cd(ii), Cr(vi) and Pb(ii) respectively. The work was further extended to study the antifouling property and the interference of other existing metal ions on the performance. An improved antifouling property with 98.5% rejection for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a 75.6% flux recovery ratio (FRR) was achieved. The study gains significance in exploring the incorporation of sulphonyl groups in to polymers, to enhance membrane performance. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.Item An experimental investigation on performance and emission parameters of a multi-cylinder SI engine with gasoline–LPG dual fuel mode of operation(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2017) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The present study deals with the performance and emission characteristics of a multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) spark ignition (SI) engine in gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) dual fuel mode of operation. The LPG–gasoline ratio varied from 0 to 100% by controlling the injector signals at various speed and load conditions. Experiments show that the power output decreases with increase in speed and LPG content at lower load marginally due to lower volumetric efficiency. At higher load and lower speed conditions as the percentage of LPG increases there is not much difference in the power output. Results also reveal that 50% LPG flow gives maximum efficiency at full load condition and 4000 rpm due to lower fuel consumption. With 50% usage of LPG, the average increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is 2% till the engine speed of 4000 rpm at full load (100%) and half load (50%) conditions. As the LPG ratio increases the engine will work in the lean region for all speed and load conditions. For all load and speed conditions, results reveal that 100% LPG will give minimum hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Oxide of nitrogen (NOX) emissions are higher for 100% LPG. However 50% LPG flow gives good agreement of NOX, HC and CO emissions when compared with gasoline operation. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Influence of spark timing on the performance and emission characteristics of gasoline–hydrogen-blended high-speed spark-ignition engine(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2017) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Nayak, V.; Kumar, G.N.This article experimentally investigates the effect of spark timing on performance and emission characteristics of high-speed spark-ignition (SI) engine operated with different hydrogen–gasoline fuel blends. For this purpose, the conventional carbureted SI engine is modified into an electronically controllable engine, wherein an electronically controllable unit was used to control the ignition timings and injection duration of gasoline. The tests were conducted with different spark timings at the wide open throttle position and 3000 rpm engine speed. The experimental results demonstrated that brake mean effective pressure and engine brake thermal efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase in spark advance. Peak cylinder pressure, temperature and heat release rate were increased until 20% hydrogen addition and with increased spark timings. NOx emissions were continuously increased with the increment in both spark timings and hydrogen addition, whereas hydrocarbon emissions were increased with spark timings but decreased with hydrogen addition. CO emissions were reduced with the increase in spark timing and hydrogen addition. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.