Journal Articles
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Item Combustion and emission characteristics of di compression ignition engine operated on jatropha oil methyl ester with different injection parameters(2009) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Sudhir, C.V.; Mohanan, P.The current paper reports the engine performance, combustion and emissions from a direct injection compression ignition engine operated with different injector opening pressure (IOP) and injection timing (IT) with jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) (B100), B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel fuel which are generally called of B20 fuel) and diesel as test fuels. The engine was run on three different IOP viz. 180, 220 and 240bar along with normal IOP 200bar and two IT viz. 20deg. bTDC and 26deg. bTDC along with normal IT 23deg. bTDC. For all IOP and IT tried, the performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), combustion parameters such as peak cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate and ignition delay and emissions such as UBHC, smoke opacity and NOx are reported here. From the experimental investigations it is observed that IOP 220bar and IT 26deg. bTDC showed better performance for all the test fuels. On the other hand, the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of B20 blend fueled direct injection compression ignition engine performed better for entire load range of operation. At higher loads with IOP 220bar and IT 26deg. bTDC emissions such as smoke opacity and UBHC were observed to be lower compared to other IOPs and ITs. But, NOx emission at retard IT 20deg. bTDC was very low compared to other two ITs. BTE of blend B20 fueled compression ignition engine has increased by 1.01% when operated with IOP 220bar at IT 23deg. bTDC and 1.34% with IT 26deg. bTDC at IOP 200bar. On other hand blend B20 fueled direct injection compression ignition engine showed better performance with reasonable higher brake thermal efficiency and lower BSEC, better combustion and emission when compared to biodiesel (B100) and diesel fuel.Item Combustion characteristics of diesel engine operating on jatropha oil methyl ester(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2010) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Sudhir, C.V.; Mohanan, P.Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oils can be produced from forests, vegetable oil crops, and oil bearing biomass materials. Non-edible vegetable oils such as jatropha oil, linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil, karanji oil, etc., are potentially effective diesel substitute. Vegetable oils have reasonable energy content. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or can be blended with diesel to form different blends. It can be used in diesel engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has combustion characteristics similar to petroleum diesel. The current paper reports a study carried out to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of jatropha oil methyl ester and its blend B20 (80% petroleum diesel and 20% jatropha oil methyl ester) and diesel fuel on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injections, water cooled diesel engine. This study gives the comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, smoke opacity, HC, NOx, ignition delay, cylinder peak pressure, and peak heat release rates. The engine performance in terms of higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions of blend B20 fuel operation was observed and compared with jatropha oil methyl ester and petroleum diesel fuel for injection timing of 20° bTDC, 23° bTDC and 26° bTDC at injection opening pressure of 220 bar.Item The experimental and simulation study of selective catalytic reduction system in a single cylinder diesel engine using NH3 as a reducing agent(Hindawi Publishing Corporation 410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, 287 pmb New York NY 10022, 2014) Athrashalil Phaily, M.K.; Sreekumar, S.J.; Mohanan, P.Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology has been widely used in automotive applications in order to meet the stringent limits on emission standards. The maximum NOx conversion efficiency of an SCR depends on temperature and mass flow rate of an exhaust gas. In order to assess the suitability of Cordierite/Pt catalyst for low temperature application, an experimental work is carried out using single cylinder diesel engine for different load conditions by varying ammonia induction rate from 0.2 kg/hr to 0.8 kg/hr. The simulation is carried out using AVL FIRE for the validation of experimental results. From the study, it has been found that for 0.6 kg/hr ammonia induction rate the maximum conversion is achieved, whereas, for 0.8 kg/hr, conversion is reduced due to desorption of ammonia. Also it has been found that, at 75% of load, for all mass flow rates of ammonia the conversion was drastically reduced due to higher exhaust gas temperature and higher emission of unburnt hydrocarbons. More than 55% of NOx conversion was achieved using Cordierite/Pt catalyst at a temperature of 320°C. © 2014 Manoj Kumar Athrashalil Phaily et al.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission of single cylinder stationary CI engine fueled with cardanol diesel blends(Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Mohanan, P.We investigated the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct-injection stationary diesel engine fueled with non- edible alternative fuel, namely, cardanol - diesel - methanol blend (B20M10). The results were compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The bio-fuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% Methanol, and 70% diesel) was used as fuel and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics were investigated by oxygen enriching of intake air with 3, 5, and 7 percentage by weight. With the increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO, HC, and smoke were found to be decreased. But BTE and NOx emission were considerably increased. The blended fuel B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air was compared with diesel operation. The results show a 0.5% lesser BTE, 28% more NOx emission at full load condition. There is not much variation of smoke emission to be noticed for this fuel combination compared to diesel. © 2014 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item A study of the effect of injection pressure on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of cardanol biofuel blend fuelled compression ignition engine(John Wiley and Sons Ltd Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The use of biodiesel along with other alternative fuel sources is expected to address the twin problems of pollution and energy security. This study investigates the effect of injection pressure (IP) on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a four-stroke single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with a biofuel, namely cardanol-methanol-diesel blend (B20M10). The results are compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The biofuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% methanol, and 70% diesel) is used as fuel, and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics are investigated at IP levels of 180, 200, and 220 bar. The test results show that the optimum fuel IP is 220 bar with B20M10. At this optimized pressure, a reduction in CO, HC, and smoke emissions with an increase in the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are noticed compared with 180 and 200 bar B20M10 operations. When compared with diesel (180 bar IP), B20M10 blend at 220 bar IP gives marginally lower BTE and lower CO and HC emissions, but oxides of nitrogen and smoke are slightly more. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.Presently, energy security and food security are two major problems of developing countries. The use of edible oils as an alternative fuel for internal combustion may lead to a food crisis. The non-edible plant-based alternative fuel not only results in energy security but also helps to keep the environment free from pollution. In this experimental investigation, a non-edible plant-based bio-fuel cardanol produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is used to study the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test conditions of the engine are 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC injection timing. The bio-fuel blends B10M10 (10% cardanol + 80% diesel + 10% methanol), B20M10, and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) were tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and full load conditions. The results were compared with baseline diesel operation. From the experimental work, it was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10M10 and B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) is comparatively similar to that of diesel. The lower emissions of CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke are encouraging to recognize B20M10 as an optimized fuel blend for a compression ignition engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC. The significant factors of cardanol bio-fuel include its low cost, non-edible, abundance, and it is a by-product of the cashew nut industries. © © 2015 Taylor & Francis.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.Item Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristic of zinc–water nanofluid(Springer Verlag, 2015) Sonage, B.K.; Mohanan, P.Development of alternative working fluids with enhanced thermal properties is very much needed to replace conventional fluids. Colloidal solution of some base fluid with solid nanoparticles dispersed in it, which is called as nanofluid, is emerging as a promising alternative heat transfer fluid. Zinc, being ecofriendly material, is selected as dispersed phase in water to develop zinc–water (Zn–H2O) nanofluid. Zn–H2O nanofluid is synthesized by single step method and characterized. Thermophysical properties are estimated by available theoretical models. Estimated properties proved that nanofluid is having enhanced thermophysical properties compared to the base fluid due to which nanofluid can become potential working fluid for heat exchanging devices. Synthesized nanofluid is circulated through heat transfer loop to assess its performance in turbulent flow regime and at constant wall temperature condition. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are estimated from experimental results and both are considered as performance evaluation criteria for heat transfer performance assessment. 83 % increase in Nusselt number with 9 % increase in pressure drop is observed for the nanofluid compared to water. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item The effect of cordierite/Pt catalyst on the NOx reduction in a diesel and Jatropha bio-diesel operated single cylinder engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Kumar, A.P.M.; Sreekumar, J.S.; Mohanan, P.Bio-diesel is an alternative energy resource, which can be successfully used in diesel engines. One major disadvantage of using bio-diesel is the higher emission of NOx. Hence some after treatment devices have to be adopted to reduce NOx in order to meet the stringent limits on emission standards. In the current research work honeycomb structured circular Cordierite/Pt SCR catalyst is used as an aftertreatment device. Studies revealed that SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) catalyst exhibits better performance at a higher temperature range (>500 °C), which can be successfully used in Trucks and Buses. But many catalysts failed to exhibit better performance at a lower temperature range varies from 180 to 400 °C, which makes these catalysts unsuitable to use with light and medium duty vehicles. The main objective of this study is to assess the suitability of Cordierite/Pt catalyst for light and medium duty vehicles and study the effect of SCR catalyst on bio-diesel blends in order to reduce NOx in a single cylinder diesel engine. The experimental work has been carried out using diesel and bio-diesel as a fuel and the NOx reduction is tabulated. The results are validated with CFD code AVL FIRE. The ammonia flow rate has been varied from 0.2 to 0.8 kg/h. It has been found that among all the blends B15 has shown maximum NOx conversion of 60% and NH3 conversion of 34%. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Miniaturization of automobile radiator by using zinc-water and zinc oxide-water nanofluids(Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015) Sonage, B.K.; Mohanan, P.High performing fluids for energy conservation and energy efficiency replace conventional heat transfer fluids. This study relates to the development of an alternative heat transfer fluid called as nanofluid. Nanofluid is a dispersion of solid nanoparticles in a base fluid having enhanced thermal properties compared to base fluid. Zinc and Zinc oxide, being eco-friendly and having easy nanoparticle production processes, are considered for the synthesis of nanofluids of different volume fractions. In this experimental study related to heat transfer, the preparation of Zinc-water (Zn-H2O) nanofluid involves the single step method, while the preparation of Zinc oxide-water (ZnO-H2O) uses the two-step method. Six nanofluids comprising of three Zn-H2O and three ZnO-H2O in different volume fractions are tried for this study. Conduct an experimental study to calculate the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop compared to water. Apply the performance evaluation criterion to assess the heat transfer performance of the considered nanofluids. Amongst the six nanofluids, Zn-H2O nanofluid of 0.5% volume fraction proves to have the best heat transfer performance. Then, assess this high performing fluid theoretically in an automobile radiator to get benefits of its use. If by replacing the water with Zn-H2O nanofluid of 0.5% volume fraction it is estimated that the size of the radiator, inventory of the fluid, and pumping power is reduced, thus, making this nanofluid an energy efficient fluid for the engine cooling system. © 2015, The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.