Journal Articles
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Item Rainfall-Induced Slope Instability in a Tilting Flume: Analysis of Pore Pressure Variations and Surface Crack Percentage(Springer, 2025) Menon, V.; Kolathayar, S.This study investigates the relationship between surface crack development and excess pore water pressure (EPWP) during rainfall-induced debris flow conditions. A custom-designed tilting flume integrated with a rainfall simulator was fabricated to replicate slope failure scenarios. Silty sand was tested under controlled conditions on 45° and 60° slopes with identical rainfall intensities. Surface cracks were quantified using an image processing algorithm to calculate crack percentages, and real-time EPWP measurements were recorded to assess their correlation. The results demonstrate that surface crack formation significantly influences EPWP, suggesting a potential interdependence between these parameters. Furthermore, the study evaluates whether EPWP can serve as an effective threshold parameter for landslide early warning systems (LEWS). These findings contribute to a better understanding of landslide mechanics and provide critical insights for enhancing LEWS design and implementation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Geotechnical Society 2025.Item Slope Stability Analyses and Design for a Telecommunication Tower Site in Kodagu—Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Approach with Spatial Data Integration(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Menon, V.; Anjana, S.; Kolathayar, S.This paper examines slope stability issues at the All-India Radio Telecommunication tower site in Kodagu, Coorg, Karnataka, India, where the hillock on which the tower stands has shown signs of instability after the monsoon of 2022. This study proposes reclamation strategies to mitigate future landslips in the region. A spatial analysis utilizing open-source Digital Elevation Models and Scoop3D software was performed to identify critical locations prone to landslips. The designs were assessed using the Limit Equilibrium method (LEM) and Finite Element method (FEM). Both static and pseudo-static conditions were considered in the analyses, with and without reinforcement, using the Limit Equilibrium Method and Finite Element Method. The proposed design aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 11, demonstrating a significant increase in the Factor of Safety by more than 10%. The study recommends a geocell-based hybrid retaining system as a comprehensive solution to enhance slope stability and protect the site from future landslips. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Item Debris flow in c-? soil: experimental analyses of pore pressure variations, crack percentage, digital image correlation (DIC) and particle image velocimetry (PIV)(Springer, 2025) Menon, V.; Kolathayar, S.Debris flow is the aftermath of soil losing its strength due to an increase in moisture content, which is initiated by Rainfall. This study investigates rainfall-induced debris flow in c-? soil predominantly found in the Western Ghats, India. The experimental setup utilised the tilting flume technique to simulate a 45-degree slope, replicating field conditions in terms of field density and natural moisture content. Excess pore water pressure (EPWP) variations were monitored during simulated rainfall events with an intensity of 30 mm/h. The findings indicate that the decrease in EPWP observed during the experiments Following a peak value and coincides with the initiation of soil movement, which occurs after the formation of shear cracks on the soil surface. To substantiate these observations, a masking algorithm based on OpenCV was employed to analyse fluctuations in crack percentage. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) quantified particle velocity-displacement dynamics using high-definition camera imagery over time, which validated the initiation of landslides. It was observed that the rapid decline in EPWP serves as a critical precursor to potential landslide occurrences, underscoring the pivotal role of these metrics in early landslide prediction and risk assessment. This research contributes valuable insights into understanding landslide mechanics under controlled laboratory conditions, with implications for early landslide detection and hazard mitigation strategies in landslide-prone regions. © Indian Academy of Sciences 2025.