Journal Articles
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Item Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance and emission parameters of an SI engine fueled with butanol blends at stoichiometric conditions(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Raviteja, S.; Kumar, G.N.Hydrogen is considered as the best fuel due to its excellent combustion properties. But its use as a fuel is confined by its low energy density. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to utilize some of the benefits of hydrogen by using it as an additive in a butanol fueled engine. The experimental study has been carried out on a 4 stroke, single cylinder, manifold electronic fuel injected (EFI) engine mapped to run at stoichiometric conditions. Butanol blends were chosen as the base fuel due to their higher energy density compared to ethanol. A small fraction of hydrogen was injected into the air stream. The engine was run at 3000 RPM at full load condition. The performance, emission and combustion parameters are compared for four concentrations of butanol (10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% by volume of fuel) and two concentrations of hydrogen (5%, and 10% by volume of air) with gasoline. The results indicated that the efficiency of the engine improved upon hydrogen enrichment. An average of 60% reduction was observed in HC and CO emissions with 10% enrichment of hydrogen, whereas the NO emissions almost doubled itself. The combustion analysis showed reduced delay periods, shorter combustion durations, higher cylinder pressures, higher temperatures and improved combustion. © 2015 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.Item Hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of high speed spark ignition engine- An experimental study(Taylor's University # 1, Jalan Taylor's Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, 2016) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.The present article aims at characterizing the combustion and emission parameters of a single cylinder high speed SI engine operating with different concentrations of hydrogen with gasoline fuel. The conventional carburetted SI engine was modified into an electronically controllable engine, wherein ECU was used to control the injection timings and durations of gasoline. The engine was maintained at a constant speed of 3000 rpm and wide open throttle position. The experimental results demonstrated that heat release rate and cylinder pressure were increased with the addition of hydrogen until 20%. The CO and HC emissions were reduced considerably whereas NOx emission was increased with the addition of hydrogen in comparison with pure gasoline engine operation. © School of Engineering, Taylor’s University.Item Effect of exhaust gas recirculation on a CRDI engine fueled with waste plastic oil blend(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Ayodhya, A.S.; Lamani, V.T.; Bedar, P.; Kumar, G.N.The inevitable rise in the usage of plastic poses a serious threat to the environment owing to their non-biodegradable nature. The lack of proper infrastructure for treating and recycling plastic wastes give rise to the disposal problem. However, the oil synthesized from these waste plastics can be used as an alternative fuel for C.I engines which not only helps to tackle the disposal problem but also aids in recovering precious energy from these wastes. This experimental investigation aims to study the effects of plastic-diesel blend(P30) fuel on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a twin cylinder CRDI engine operating at different EGR rates (0%, 10% and 20%). The experimental results showed a slight drop in the engine performance while operating with plastic blend, mainly overall due to its higher viscosity and lower heating value. The vast upsurge of NOX emissions with plastic blend was mitigated by the aid of EGR methodology. Marginal increase in the discharge of regulated emissions like HC, CO and soot were noticed for both plastic blend as well as EGR operations. The experiments were carried out for five different loading conditions varying from 0% to 80% in steps of 20% each and found out that waste plastic-diesel blend can be successfully used as an alternative fuel in diesel vehicles without any prior modifications in the engine. © 2018 Elsevier LtdItem Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.Item Effect of bioethanol–diesel blends, exhaust gas recirculation rate and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common rail diesel engine(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Lamani, V.T.; Baliga M, A.U.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.This investigation is focused on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fueled with bioethanol-blended diesel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Simulation is carried out for various EGR rates (0, 10, 20 and 30%), two different injection timings, and two different bioethanol–diesel blends (10 and 20%) at injection pressure. The equivalence ratio is kept constant in all the cases of bioethanol–diesel blends. The results indicate that the mean CO formation and ignition delay increase, whereas mean NO formation and in-cylinder temperature decrease, with increase in the EGR rate. Further, with an increase in percentage of the bioethanol blends, CO and soot formation decrease as compared to neat diesel. A significant increase in in-cylinder pressure (15%) is found at 14° before top dead centre (BTDC) compared to 9° BTDC, which leads to an increase in indicated thermal efficiency of 4% for neat diesel at 30% EGR. In the present study, maximum indicated thermal efficiency is obtained in the case of 10 and 20% bioethanol–diesel blend, and remains constant for all EGR rates considered in the study. Obtained results are validated with the available literature data and indicate good agreement. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Effect of injection pressure on the performance and emission characteristics of the CI engine using Vateria indica biodiesel(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Rao, G.; Kumar, G.N.; Herbert, M.A.Vateria indica Linn seeds were found to contain nearly 19% of oil/fat content. This fat is converted into biodiesel by a novel method by the authors at the biodiesel preparation facility at NITK, Surathkal, India. As biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for petro diesel in compression ignition (CI) engines, this biofuel is tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The objective of this work is to find combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine with diesel and blends of V. indica biodiesel at 180, 200 and 220 bar injection pressures. Blending is done in volumetric ratios of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of biodiesel with diesel which are called as B10, B15, B20 and B25. The idea of increasing fuel injection pressure is to promote atomisation and full penetration into the combustion chamber leading to better combustion. Blend B25 showed best thermal efficiency of the order of 33.03% and the least NOX emission of 1047 ppm at 220 bar injection pressure at 75% load. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Effect of 1-pentanol addition and EGR on the combustion, performance and emission characteristic of a CRDI diesel engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Radheshyam; Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Experimental study of 1-pentanol addition and EGR rates on the combustion, performance and emission of a CRDI diesel engine is carried out in this work. 1-Pentanol being a higher alcohol has fuel properties comparable to diesel. Experiments were conducted on a 4 stroke two cylinder, CRDI diesel engine running at a constant speed of 2000 rpm for lower load and higher load. Test fuels were prepared by blending the 1-pentanol with diesel, and tests were carried out for 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, 1-pentanol blended in diesel on a volume basis. Effect of EGR rates of 10% and 20% were also studied. It had observed that engine can be run up to 30% of 1-pentanol blended fuel without any engine modification, but with raise in the percentage of 1-pentanol in the blends, BSFC increases and BTE decreases. Combustion characteristic for blended fuel depends upon the load. At higher load due to premixed combustion MGT, CP and NHR were almost same compared to the diesel. Reduction in NOx emissions was noted for all the fuel blends at the cost of HC and CO emission. 1-pentanol is a renewable biofuel, with use of 1-pentanol the dependency on petrodiesel can be overcome. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Influence of Magneto-combustion on regulated emissions of an automotive engine under variable speed operation(MechAero Found. for Techn. Res. and Educ. Excellence office@mechaero.org, 2020) Oommen, L.P.; Kumar, G.N.The present study investigates the influence of magneto-combustion on the macro pollutants emitted from a multi point fuel injection (MPFI) automotive engine. The regulated emissions of an auto engine include carbon monoxide, un-burnt hydrocarbon (UBHC)and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) which are the by-products of internal combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel used. Depending upon the physiochemical characteristics of pollutants and their concentrations, these pollutants result in numerous physical ailments and mortality. Magneto-combustion is an under investigated technology which effectively reduces the emission of toxic vehicular exhaust. The exposure to an external magnetic field realigns the hydrocarbon structure and alters its combustion properties. The tests conducted on a Maruthi Zen MPFI engine under two different patterns of magnetisation resulted in a maximum reduction of carbon monoxide by 23.97%, UBHC by 13.1% and NOx by 5.23%, thereby reduced the cumulative negative impact on the environment. © 2020. MechAero Foundation for Technical Research & Education Excellence.Item Impact of changing compression ratio on engine characteristics of an SI engine fueled with equi-volume blend of methanol and gasoline(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Nuthan Prasad, B.S.; Pandey, J.K.; Kumar, G.N.In the present investigation, experiments were conducted in wide open throttle condition (WOT) for different speed ranging from 1200 rpm to 1800 rpm at an interval of 200 on a single-cylinder four-stroke variable compression ratio (VCR) SI engine. The engine fueled with equi-volume blend of methanol/gasoline fuel, while 14° BTDC ignition timing is maintained for all three different compression ratios (8, 9 & 10). Increasing the compression ratio from CR8 to CR10 for the methanol/gasoline blend has improved combustion efficiency by increasing the peak pressure and net heat release value by 27.5% and 30% respectively at a speed of 1600 rpm. The performance results show a good agreement of improvisation of 25% increase in BTE, and BSFC reduction by 19% at compression ratio 10:1. At higher compression ratio 10:1, there was a significant decrease observed in CO and HC by 30–40%, and the same trend is observed at all speeds; however, NOx emission increased with the increasing CR. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Impact of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI CI mini truck engine under the influence of EGR(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Santhosh, K.; Kumar, G.N.Biofuels are the most promising sustainable and renewable alternative to diesel fuel. In the present renewable energy world, alcohols are gaining prime importance due to their nature of production and fuel properties. The present work aims to investigate the impact of 1-Hexanol and exhaust gas recirculation (10% and 20%) on engine characteristics of the common rail direct injection compression ignition engine. The experiment is carried out on a bench engine. The fraction of 1-Hexanol is varied from 10% to 40% in a step of 10% by volume. The results demonstrate that the use of 1-Hexanol/diesel blends lowers the cylinder pressure and mean gas temperature, which is 4.25% and 1.88% lower at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol compared to neat diesel fuel operation. The combustion duration is increased by 2.66?CA for 40% 1-Hexanol at 60% load compared to neat diesel fuel. However, an improvement in net heat release rate is noted which is 13.95% higher at 60% load for 40% 1-Hexanol, this increment is due to prolonged ignition delay. With the use of 1-Hexanol in the engine, there is a drastic reduction in nitrogen oxide emission is observed, this is the greatest impact of 1-Hexanol. However, a slight increment in the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission is also noted due to poor fuel properties like lower cetane number, higher viscosity and higher latent heat of evaporation of 1-Hexanol. Compared to all other blends in the test 10% 1-Hexanol shows comparable results with pure diesel fuel, which is only 2.37% lower in brake thermal efficiency, 3.6% higher in brake specific fuel consumption, 17.55% lower in nitrogen oxide emission, 18.18% higher in hydrocarbon and 33.33% higher in carbon monoxide emission is noted. The exhaust gas recirculation helps in reducing the NOx emission, 40% 1-Hexanol is less sensitive to exhaust gas recirculation. Up to 40% of 1-Hexanol can be used in the CI engine without any modification. It is concluded that 1-Hexanol is a sustainable renewable biofuel due to the reason that even though the use of 1-Hexanol lowers the performance which helps in reducing the NOx emission greatly; the performance can be improved by modifying the engine parameters. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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