Journal Articles
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Item The IproK ontology: a unified approach to managing construction project information(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Kone, V.; Mahesh, G.In the domain of construction project management, holistic decision-making and integrated project controls are paramount for success. However, integrating the vast spectrum of project data is challenging due to disparate software systems and data fragmentation, which leads to information silos and hinders semantic interoperability. An ontology-based framework presents a promising solution for creating a unified and machine-interpretable representation of this complex information. This research paper details the development, validation, and publication of the IproK ontology, a novel framework that provides deep, simultaneous integration of three critical project management domains: schedule, cost, and resources. A multi-faceted evaluation confirmed its technical soundness, conceptual validity according to domain experts, and practical utility by successfully answering all predefined Competency Questions (CQs) essential for integrated project control. IproK provides a validated semantic backbone for creating integrated project Knowledge Graphs, paving the way for next-generation, data-driven decision support systems and more intelligent construction project delivery. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item AN ONTOLOGY-DRIVEN BI-DIRECTIONAL WORKFLOW FOR INTEGRATING PROJECT MANAGEMENT DATA INTO THE IFC STANDARD(International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, 2025) Kone, V.; Mahesh, G.The evolution of Building Information Modelling (BIM) towards a data-centric paradigm is often hindered by challenges in semantic interoperability, particularly when integrating project management data with the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. While IFC enables syntactic data exchange, a persistent gap exists dynamically linking building geometry with the complex, relational information of project schedules, resources, and costs in a semantically consistent, interoperable manner. This paper presents a novel, bi-directional methodology that leverages Semantic Web technologies (RDF, OWL, SPARQL) to address this challenge. The core of the methodology is an ontology-driven workflow that uses two purpose-built ontologies: BIMOnto, a lightweight representation of the building asset derived from if cOWL, and IproK (Integrated Project Knowledge Ontology), which formally structures project management information across schedule, resource, and cost domains. The workflow enables both directions: (1) transforming IFC models into queryable knowledge graphs, and (2) programmatically generating new, enriched IFC models from unified knowledge graphs. This reverse transformation creates native, standards-compliant IFC entities for tasks (IfcTask), resources (IfcResource), costs (IfcCostItem), and their standard relationships (IfcRelAssignsToProduct, etc.), moving beyond custom property sets. The feasibility and effectiveness of this approach are validated through a case study using a multi-story residential building model, demonstrating the successful generation of a verifiable, integrated BIM artifact. The findings show that this ontology-driven framework significantly enhances data integration, creating truly interoperable models where process data becomes a first-class citizen within the BIM environment, advancing the potential for more intelligent, data-centric BIM practices throughout the project lifecycle. © © 2025 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.