Journal Articles
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Item Sustainability Performance Assessment Framework for Major Seaports in India(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2022) Narasimha, P.T.; Jena, P.R.; Majhi, R.In performing seaport operations, triple bottom dimensions and its related key performance indicators play a significant role in improving overall aspects of seaport sustainability. This research paper intends to examine key seaport practices that form sustainable seaport development in the Indian major seaports context from stakeholder collaboration and seaport internal sustainable management decision framework. Firstly, the key practices of sustainable seaport development were examined through a broad literature review considering sustainable seaport development and related management and stakeholder-based theories. Sustainability thematic analysis is carried out based on the identification of various dimensions and key performance indicators from various literary works. Based on the theoretical framework seaport sustainability conceptual model was developed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 87 seaport professionals and FAHP was performed on an input basis by 23 seaport authorities to analyze the prominence of the proposed sustainable seaport development dimensions. This study also indicated that the economic dimension is the most important, while the social dimension is the least vital dimension perceived by Indian seaport managers. This research paper will conclude with a few policy insights for seaport managers in sustainable development decisions to discover areas for improvements in maritime sustainability and enhance the seaport competitiveness © 2022 WITPress. All rights reserved.Item A comprehensive review of the soil health status for enhancing agricultural sustainability(Frontiers Media SA, 2025) Timilsina, R.R.; Khosla, S.; Rahut, D.B.; Jena, P.R.; Sonobe, T.Sustainable agricultural practices have become more crucial than ever as the world grapples with food insecurity and environmental degradation. Soil health, a fundamental attribute of agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability, plays a pivotal role in achieving global sustainability targets. Despite its importance, comprehensive analyses of soil health initiatives remain limited. This systematic review addresses this gap through a dual objective: first, to contextualize the critical role of soil health in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); and second, to critically evaluate the implementation, impact, and policy relevance of India’s Soil Health Card (SHC) scheme launched in 2015 to enhance soil fertility through site-specific assessments and tailored fertilizer recommendations. Global research highlights the crucial role of soil health in promoting sustainable agriculture, and the SHC scheme has yielded notable results, including a 5%–6% increase in crop yields and an 8%–10% decrease in chemical fertilizer usage. Grounded in the framework of the SDGs, this paper highlights the SHC scheme’s contributions to enhancing farm productivity, lowering input costs, and advancing environmental objectives. It further explores the policy landscape, identifies institutional gaps, and examines the potential for scaling and adapting these practices in other regions. This review offers evidence-based insights into the interplay between soil health, agricultural sustainability, and policy innovation, aiming to inform future interventions and promote international collaborations in sustainable land management. © © 2025 Timilsina, Khosla, Rahut, Jena and Sonobe.Item Rural nonfarm employment, income, and inequality: Evidence from Bhutan(MIT Press Journals, 2015) Rahut, D.B.; Jena, P.R.; Ali, A.; Behera, B.; Chhetri, N.B.Using the 2012 Bhutan Living Standard Survey, this paper finds that rural nonfarmactivities comprise 60.7% of rural household income in Bhutan and this contribution increases with higher income and education levels. The poor and less educated participate less in the nonfarm sector.When they do, they are selfemployed in petty nonfarmactivities, which require little investment and little or no skills. Accounting for endogeneity and sample selection issues, we estimate the determinants of participation in nonfarm activities and nonfarm incomes. We find that a household’s education and labor supply play an important role in accessing more remunerative nonfarm employment. Interestingly, we find that women play an important role in self-employment in nonfarm activities. Decomposition shows that nonfarm income has a disequalizing effect and farm income has an equalizing effect, indicating the need to increase the endowment of poor households to enable them to access the lucrative rural nonfarm sector. Further decomposition reveals that self-employment in petty nonfarm activities reduces inequality. © 2015 Asian Development Bank and Asian Development Bank Institute.Item Development and performance evaluation of a novel knowledge guided artificial neural network (KGANN) model for exchange rate prediction(King Saud bin Abdulaziz University rectoroffice@ksu.edu.sa, 2015) Jena, P.R.; Majhi, R.; Majhi, B.This paper presents a new adaptive forecasting model using a knowledge guided artificial neural network (KGANN) structure for efficient prediction of exchange rate. The new structure has two parallel systems. The first system is a least mean square (LMS) trained adaptive linear combiner, whereas the second system employs an adaptive FLANN model to supplement the knowledge base with an objective to improve its performance value. The output of a trained LMS model is added to an adaptive FLANN model to provide a more accurate exchange rate compared to that predicted by either a simple LMS or a FLANN model. This finding has been demonstrated through an exhausting computer simulation study and using real life data. Thus the proposed KGANN is an efficient forecasting model for exchange rate prediction. © 2015 The Authors.Item Fair trade certification and livelihoods: A panel data analysis of coffee-growing households in India(Cambridge University Press arer@arec.umd.edu, 2016) Karki, S.K.; Jena, P.R.; Grote, U.This study analyzes the participation decision and income impacts of fair-trade coffee certification on small-scale coffee producers in the Araku valley in India using panel data for 183 households and endogenous-switching and quantile regression methods. The results show that fair trade certification has a positive effect on income; the income of certified farmers is 17 percent higher on average than the income of uncertified coffee producers. Furthermore, fair trade certification has a "bottom of the pyramid" effect in that the largest income gains accrue to farmers in the poorer quantiles. © The Author(s) 2016.Item Resource saving and productivity enhancing impacts of crop management innovation packages in Ethiopia(Blackwell Publishing Ltd customerservices@oxonblackwellpublishing.com, 2016) Jaleta, M.; Kassie, M.; Tesfaye, K.; Teklewold, T.; Jena, P.R.; Marenya, P.; Erenstein, O.Crop management innovations are often not discrete fixed stand-alone options—and their adoption may imply various combinations and adaptations. This potentially confounds their impact assessment. This article assesses the resource saving and productivity enhancing impacts of a crop management package revolving around minimum tillage in maize-based farming systems in northwest Ethiopia. An endogenous switching regression model was applied to plot- and household-level survey data collected from 290 rural households operating 590 maize plots during the 2012 production year. Controlling for variations in plot and household characteristics, the average effect of minimum tillage package (minimum tillage package) on maize productivity is 0.44 t/ha. Compared to conventional practice (CP), adoption of the MTP decreased the average male and female labor use in maize production by 14.4 and 8.2 person-days per ha, respectively. Similarly, MTP adoption decreased draft power use for land preparation by 13.2 pair of oxen-days per ha. Compared to CP, in general, there is a considerable short-run maize productivity gain and reduction in labor and draft power use under MTP. © 2016 International Association of Agricultural EconomistsItem Can coffee certification schemes increase incomes of smallholder farmers? Evidence from Jinotega, Nicaragua(Springer Netherlands, 2017) Jena, P.R.; Stellmacher, T.; Grote, U.This paper investigates the impact of Fairtrade and organic certification on household income of smallholder coffee farmers in the Jinotega Municipality of Nicaragua. Using a sample of 233 coffee farming households and employing endogenous switching regression model and propensity score matching method, the results found that Fairtrade and organic certification standards have different effects on the certified farmers; while Fairtrade farmers had experienced yield gains, organic farmers had the price advantage. However, the overall impact of these certification standards on the total household income is found to be statistically not significant. While some of the Fairtrade-certified cooperatives have used the social premium in creating community-level infrastructure, there is a need for more investment. The major constraint the organic-certified farmers face is lack of availability of adequate organic inputs such as manures and organic herbicides. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.Item Fairtrade certification and livelihood impacts on small-scale coffee producers in a tribal community of India(Oxford University Press, 2017) Jena, P.R.; Grote, U.Can Fairtrade certification improve farmers' livelihoods in small-scale coffee farming tribal communities in India? Has Fairtrade contributed to capacitybuilding among the farmers? To answer these questions, household data of 256 coffee farmers from a tribal coffee-producing community in southern India was collected in 2010. Using the propensity score matching technique, the empirical findings show that Fairtrade certification has a positive impact on farmers' income. However, the incidence of poverty in the community is very high, with 84% of the certified farmers being extremely poor. Some improvement in the livelihoods of certified farmers has occurred from higher and assured farm gate prices, regular collection of coffee from the village centers that reduces travel costs, and from the social Fairtrade premium. But while the benefits are modest and the process is slow, challenges remain in terms of improving the effectiveness and management of the cooperative system, as well as raising the awareness of farmers about Fairtrade certification. There is a need to strengthen the positive impacts created by Fairtrade certification by collaboration between the cooperative and local government to enhance the technical, financial and human capacities of the coffee cooperative members. © 2017. Oxford University Press on behalf of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.Item Socio-economic Implications of Food Safety Standards in India(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2018) Jena, P.R.Food safety issues have increasingly become priority for the consumers due allegiance to increasing income standards and awareness about food contamination. Developing country governments are paying attention to such demand and revising their food standards. Indian Government have consolidated the earlier food safety laws under one umbrella Act, namely Food Safety and Standards Act (FSSA), which was implemented in 2011. This paper critically reviews the socio-economic implications of food contamination in India and the scope of FSSA in dealing with them. The analysis finds out that although the current framework is comprehensive, there are many loopholes in terms of implementation. For example, agricultural crop producers do not come under the ambit of current law. Street food vendors that are responsible for many food contamination incidents in the past are still not effectively monitored due to lack of qualified food safety officers. Food traceability system in India is still evolving and it is voluntary. There is a need for private-public partnership to promote adoption of traceability system in the country. The paper suggests some ways forward for the effective implementation of the food safety Act in India. © 2018 Policy Studies Organization.Item Comparative Performance Evaluation of Clustering Algorithms for Grouping Manufacturing Firms(Springer Verlag, 2018) Bhatnagar, V.; Majhi, R.; Jena, P.R.Surviving and remaining profitable in market is the biggest requirement for any enterprise in today’s business environment because of the stiff competition. Being innovative and staying updated with the latest and trending changes happening in the sector is the key for firms to leave their impression as successful and profit building business house. However, it is not necessary that all the firms should follow same pattern of structure or production procedure even if they come under the same cap of industry but at some point of time up gradation is needed. Appropriate grouping of various manufacturing firms plays a vital role in assessing their credentials. Data relating to appropriate attributes of three types of manufacturing firms are collected. By employing five different clustering techniques each type of these firms are grouped and rank of each method and for each category of industry is evaluated and presented. Results obtained from analysis demonstrate that the overall ranking based on cluster potentiality of different methods is ordered as Self Organized Maps, Gaussian Mixture Model, Fuzzy C-Means, K-Means and Hierarchical techniques. Finding of this study can help the decision makers to devise appropriate strategy for their production pattern according to the firm capability. © 2017, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.