Journal Articles
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Item Comprehensive review of IDMs in DG systems(Institution of Engineering and Technology jbristow@theiet.org, 2019) Manikonda, S.K.G.; Gaonkar, D.N.Distributed generation (DG) offers solution to the ever increasing energy needs by generating energy at the consumer end, in most cases, by means of renewable energy sources. Islanding detection is an important aspect of interconnecting a DG to the utility. This study presents comprehensive review of various islanding detection techniques along with their relative advantages and disadvantages. A broad classification of islanding detection methods (IDMs) is laid out as classical methods, signal processing (SP)-based methods, and computational intelligence-based methods with a focus on SP-based methods and computational intelligence-based methods. The evolution of SP techniques used for islanding detection is presented along with the merits and shortcomings of each technique. Furthermore, the advent of computational intelligence methods based IDMs are discussed along with their merits and demerits. An insight into various islanding methods based on quantitative measures of performance indices such as detection time, detection accuracy, and efficiency are tabulated and presented. Finally, the prospective direction of research for IDMs is also presented. © 2019 Institution of Engineering and Technology. All Rights Reserved.Item A comprehensive review on control techniques for power management of isolated DC microgrid system operation(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Bhargavi, K.M.; Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Shrivastava, A.; Jadoun, V.K.The present research investigations in power management fraternity are focused towards the realization of smart microgrid (MG) technologies. Due to intrinsic advantages of Direct Current (DC) system in terms of compatibility with power generation sources, modern loads and storage devices, DC MG has becoming popular over Alternate Current (AC) system. A secondary voltage and current control schemes of DC MG system are mainly based on the distributed consensus control of Multi-agent system (MAS) to balance generation and the demand. The basic concern of the cooperative control of MAS is consensus, which is to design a suitable control law such that the output of all agents can achieve synchronization. The distributed consensus algorithm requires much less computational power and information exchange in between the neighbor's agent. Meanwhile the other controllers such as model predictive control (MPC) requires accurate dynamic models with high computational cost and it suffers from lack of flexibility. The hierarchical consensus control technique is classified into three levels according to their features, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary. MAS is a popular distributed platform to efficiently manage the secondary control level for synchronization and communication among the power converters in autonomous MGs. In this article, various primary control techniques for local voltage control, voltage restoration in the secondary control level and tertiary control for energy management techniques are discussed. With this, the key emphasis to reduce the voltage deviation and disturbances in a heterogeneous DC MG network solutions are discussed. Furthermore, to analyze the system response and the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery unit, the developed second order heterogeneous consensus controller is compared with the traditional homogeneous consensus control and droop control methods. Finally a detailed discussion on simulation case study using heterogeneous consensus control method over the traditional methods are provided using MATLAB/Simulink platform. © 2021 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.Item An investigation of PLL synchronization techniques for distributed generation sources in the grid-connected mode of operation(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Kulkarni, S.V.; Gaonkar, D.N.In recent years, the proliferation of grid-connected microgrid systems has witnessed a remarkable surge, driven by the need to enhance the availability and reliability of renewable energy sources during peak demand periods. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, these systems offer promising avenues for sustainable energy integration. To ensure seamless synchronization of renewable energy sources with the grid, Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) controllers have emerged as a key solution. However, the information available about these PLLs is limited. In this paper, the analysis, design, and comparison of PLLs, along with the exploration of a recently developed PLL synchronization method. Specifically, we evaluate the performance of prominent PLL techniques, including PSRF-PLL, SOGI-PLL, DSOGI-PLL, E-PLL, and IPT-PLL, under diverse test scenarios such as voltage sag, swell, unbalance, and harmonics. To assess their effectiveness, hardware-in-loop virtual and real-time test-beds are employed, enabling rigorous examination of the PLL techniques for grid synchronization. The reported results demonstrate the phase tracking capability when operating in grid-connected mode. Finally, conclusions are drawn from studies conducted in the electrical grid network's healthy and unhealthy environments. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.Item Dynamic performance of microturbine generation system connected to a grid(2008) Gaonkar, D.N.; Pillai, G.N.; Patel, R.N.The interconnection of distribution generation systems into distribution networks has great impact on real-time system operation, control, and planning. It is widely accepted that microturbine generation (MTG) systems are currently attracting a lot of attention to meet customers' needs in the distributed power generation market. In order to investigate the performance of MTG systems, their efficient modeling is required. This article presents the dynamic model of an MTG system, suitable for grid connection to study the performance of the MTG system. The presented model uses back-to-back power electronic converter topology for grid connection, which allows the bidirectional power flow between the grid and MTG system. Thus, the need of separate starting arrangements during launching of the microturbine is avoided. The components of the system are built from the dynamics of each part with their interconnections. The dynamics of the model have been studied under various grid disturbance conditions. The converter control strategies for MTG system operation in grid-connected mode are presented in this article. This article also compares the various grid connection topologies suitable for MTG system interconnection. The simulation results show that the developed model performance is not affected by the grid disturbances considered in the study, and that it has the ability to adjust the supply as per the power requirements of the load within the MTG system rating.Item Seamless transfer of microturbine generation system operation between grid-connected and islanding modes(2009) Gaonkar, D.N.; Pillai, G.N.; Patel, R.N.The intentional islanding operation of grid-connected distributed generation systems can greatly improve the reliability and quality of the power supply. The existing control techniques for distributed generation systems are designed to operate either in the grid-connected or islanding modes of operation, thus, not allowing for both modes to be implemented and transitioned between. In this article, a novel scheme for automatic mode switching of a microturbine-based distributed generation system between the grid-connected and islanding modes of operation is proposed. The presented scheme is based on the phase angle estimated by the phase-locked loop. The developed phase-locked loop provides an accurate estimation of the phase angle even under unbalanced conditions. The presented scheme does not negatively affect the distributed generation system or utility operations and can work even under matching distributed generation and load power ratings. In this work, back-to-back converters are used to interface the microturbine-based distributed generation system to the grid. Converter control strategies developed for both modes of distributed generation operation is also presented. The simulation results show good accuracy of the proposed scheme.Item Investigation on electromagnetic transients of distributed generation systems in the microgrid(2010) Gaonkar, D.N.The increasing interconnection of distributed generation sources of diverse technologies to low-voltage grids introduces considerable complexity in its operation and control. The concept of the microgrid is emerging as a solution to this and also to take full advantage of the potential offered by distributed generation. In this article, the performance of a typical microgrid with multiple distributed generation systems in grid-connected and autonomous modes of operation has been investigated through simulation. The developed model of the microgrid consists of a converter-interfaced microturbine generation system, a synchronous-generator-based distributed generation system, and a wind power generation system with an asynchronous generator. Investigation has been carried out to study the typical electromagnetic transients of a microgrid, due to preplanned and unplanned switching events. The performance of the bidirectional grid interface topology for a microturbine generation system in a microgrid is evaluated in this work. It has been observed from the simulation results that the motoring mode operation of the microturbine generation system during starting does not cause any disturbances in the microgrid. The study also indicates that the microgrid can maintain the desired power quality at the point of common coupling. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Operation and control of multiple Distributed Generation systems in the microgrid(Inderscience Publishers, 2011) Gaonkar, D.N.; Pillai, G.N.This paper investigates the operation and control of multiple Distributed Generation (DG) systems interconnected to the utility in the form of microgrid. The developed model of the microgrid consists of microturbine generation system, converter-based DG system with stiff DC source, synchronous-generator-based DG system and wind power system with induction generator. The Simulation model of the microgrid is developed in the Simpowersystems of the Matlab and systematic analysis has been carried out to ascertain its operation. This paper also presents the dynamic power-sharing strategy for converter-based DG systems during autonomous mode of operation of the microgrid. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Coordinated voltage control using multiple regulators in distribution system with distributed generators(2011) Shivarudraswamy, R.; Gaonkar, D.N.The continued interest in the use of distributed generation in recent years is leading to the growth in number of distributed generators connected to distribution networks. Steady state voltage rise resulting from the connection of these generators can be a major obstacle to their connection at lower voltage levels. The present electric distribution network is designed to keep the customer voltage within tolerance limit. This may require a reduction in connectable generation capacity, under utilization of appropriate generation sites. Thus distribution network operators need a proper voltage regulation method to allow the significant integration of distributed generation systems to existing network. In this work a voltage rise problem in a typical distribution system has been studied. A method for voltage regulation of distribution system with multiple DG system by coordinated operation distributed generator, capacitor and OLTC has been developed. A sensitivity based analysis has been carried out to determine the priority for individual generators in multiple DG environment. The effectiveness of the developed method has been evaluated under various cases through simulation results.Item Coordinated voltage control using multiple regulators in distribution system with distributed generators(2011) Shivarudraswamy, R.; Gaonkar, D.N.The continued interest in the use of distributed generation in recent years is leading to the growth in number of distributed generators connected to distribution networks. Steady state voltage rise resulting from the connection of these generators can be a major obstacle to their connection at lower voltage levels. The present electric distribution network is designed to keep the customer voltage within tolerance limit. This may require a reduction in connectable generation capacity, under utilization of appropriate generation sites. Thus distribution network operators need a proper voltage regulation method to allow the significant integration of distributed generation systems to existing network. In this work a voltage rise problem in a typical distribution system has been studied. A method for voltage regulation of distribution system with multiple DG system by coordinated operation distributed generator, capacitor and OLTC has been developed. A sensitivity based analysis has been carried out to determine the priority for individual generators in multiple DG environment. The effectiveness of the developed method has been evaluated under various cases through simulation results.Item Coordinated voltage regulation of distribution network with distributed generators and multiple voltage-control devices(2012) Shivarudraswamy, R.; Gaonkar, D.N.In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of generators connected to distribution networks. While offering a number of benefits and opportunities, increasing penetration of distributed generation systems can cause several technical concerns. One major concern is the rise in steady-state voltage level of a distribution system. This is very important, as distribution networks are traditionally designed to maintain customer voltage constant, within tolerance limit as dictated by statute. The present practice of limiting generation capacity cannot be a solution, as it leads to under-utilization of distributed generation sources. In this article, coordinated voltage regulation of distribution system with distributed generators is presented. The developed method uses the genetic algorithm to determine the optimal operating point for multiple voltage-control devices. The simulated results using the developed method are presented in this article, considering the time-varying load profile. The fuzzy-clustering technique is also employed to obtain the load pattern for the simulation. The reported results show that the method presented is capable of providing the voltage profile within the statute limits. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.