Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://idr.nitk.ac.in/handle/123456789/19884
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Item Hate speech review in the context of online social networks(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.Advances in Internet Technologies (ITs) and online social networks have made more benefits to humanity. At the same time, the dark side of this growth/benefit has led to increased hate speech and terrorism as most common and powerful threats globally. Hate speech is an offensive kind of communication mechanism that expresses an ideology of hate using stereotypes. Hate speech targets different protected characteristics such as gender, religion, race, and disability. Control of hate speech can be made using different national and international legal frameworks. Any intentional act directed against life or related entities causing a common danger is known as terrorism. There is a common practice of discussing or debating hate speech and terrorism separately. In the recent past, most of the research articles have discussed either hate speech or terrorism. Hate speech is a type of terrorism and follows an incident or trigger event of terrorism. Online social networks are the result of ITs and evolved rapidly through the popularity among youth. As both the activities are near to close and makes use of online social networks, the collective discussion is appropriate. Therefore we have a review on hate speech with different classes and terrorism with cyber use in the framework of online social networks. With the help of combined effort from the government, the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and online social networks, the proper policies can be framed to counter both hate speech and terrorism efficiently and effectively. © 2018 Elsevier LtdItem Racism and social media: A study in Indian context(Inderscience Publishers, 2019) Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.Racism is a kind of hatred behaviour, exhibited in written, verbal or physical form against the ethnicity or physical appearance of a group or an individual. Around the world, problematic behavioural incidents occur and in India, media often interpret it as towards people of colour or blacks. There was a lot of discussion about these incidents both online and offline, some groups consider that India is not free from racism and others view it is of misinformation processing. Therefore, there is a requirement of a system to evaluate and determine the possible scenarios towards racism in India. In this regard, using four different sets of keywords we created Twitter datasets. The data collected from social media are analysed to identify the polarity of content and the amount of racism using the software developed in R programming language. Contents are categorised in different polarities such as racist, non-racist and neutral. © © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Honour, hate and violence in social media: Insights from India(Inderscience Publishers, 2019) Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.Honour-based hate content is predominantly generated from family hate content and may affect humanity. In the Indian context, analysis of multiple resources such as literature, reported articles and social media sites pertinent to honour-based hate content is less. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify and understand the influencing factors and emotions of honour-based hate content. A review of literature, news articles on honour killing and the analysis of Twitter content are made to attain the purpose. In India, factor like marrying a person against family members' ideologies is observed as dominating among other factors of honour-based hate content. It has been also observed that emotions such as anger, fear, disgust and sadness are used to express hate. Possible impacts of honour-based hate content on family and society are discussed. The analysis of emotions about honour and hate content increases novelty of the article. © 2019 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item International efforts for children online safety: A survey(Inderscience Publishers, 2020) Andrews, D.; Alathur, S.; Chetty, N.Children online safety is a global issue and attaining international attention to address it. Often, children are vulnerable to online threats. Aim of this paper is to review children online safety issues and identify existing international efforts for reducing online risks. In this regard, efforts from available international bodies for providing online safety to children are reviewed and reported. To overcome online risks, understanding the behaviour of online ecosystem and coping after facing risks are most important. The ecosystem involves different stakeholders such as service providers, physical network, online users being connected, social media sites and tools and technology. Elimination of online risks is difficult but the intensity of risks can be reduced. © © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item An architecture for digital hate content reduction with mobile edge computing(Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2020) Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.Mobile devices with social media applications are the prevalent user equipment to generate and consume digital hate content. The objective of this paper is to propose a mobile edge computing architecture for regulating and reducing hate content at the user's level. In this regard, the profiling of hate content is obtained from the results of multiple studies by quantitative and qualitative analyses. Profiling resulted in different categories of hate content caused by gender, religion, race, and disability. Based on this information, an architectural framework is developed to regulate and reduce hate content at the user's level in the mobile computing environment. The proposed architecture will be a novel idea to reduce hate content generation and its impact. © 2019 Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsItem Social media and disaster management: influencing e-participation content on disabilities(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2021) Alathur, S.; Kottakkunnummal, M.; Chetty, N.Purpose: This study aims to analyse the nature and forms of digital content that may influence e-participation for persons with disabilities (PWDs) during a flood disaster. Design/methodology/approach: This paper undertakes a case study of the 2019 and 2020’s flood in Kerala, India. In-depth interviews with rehab workers during the flood are used in the study. Topic modelling and sentiment analysis are carried out using Twitter data. The native language responses from Facebook forums related to PWDs are analysed manually to construct taxonomy of problematic content Findings: The results show that problematic content toward PWDs in the social media occurs during a flood. The extreme and exploitative content results in disability exclusion. Thus, e-participants fail to address the actual disability-specific requirements through social media during a disaster. Research limitations/implications: The paper explores social media content toward PWDs. Implications of findings on citizens’ e-participation competency are delineated. Existing e-participation literature reports a low degree of disability e-participation in social media. Exploring disability e-participation helps to design more inclusive participation platforms. Further studies can explore the disability consciousness among e-participants for a more inclusive space. Practical implications: The development of problematic content in the social media environment is alarming. Regulatory frameworks are also less adequate. Hence, policies for enabling inclusive participation that is not limited to the information technology infrastructure is needed. Social implications: First, the citizens will get more insights for meaningful disability e-participation. Second, inclusive e-participation platform designs will help to reduce problematic content generation. Originality/value: Disability e-participation requires regional studies. But there are fewer studies on disability e-participation from developing nations. The current study considered the regional context and complexities of disability e-participation. This paper gives policy recommendations for an inclusive e-participation. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.Item Identity-Based Online Hate Content: Empirical Analysis(IGI Global, 2021) Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.The content which is expressed over the internet and its associated social media based on any of the protected characteristics like gender, religion, race, and disability is referred to as online hate content. This article aims to examine the user responses on online hate content and determine the predictors of online hate content. With an objective to identify the determinants of online hate content, the data has been collected from 716 internet users using a research instrument designed for the purpose. Both online and offline modes are used for collecting the data. A comprehensive analysis is made using partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) package from an open-source software R. The analysis of structural model revealed that the attitude and opinions towards different protected characteristics such as gender, religion, race, and disability are influencers of online hate content. Further, the analysis of measurement models revealed the role of measuring indicators. © © 2021, IGI Global.Item Impact of COVID-19 on individuals’ mental health and preventive health behaviours: a conceptual framework(Inderscience Publishers, 2022) Pai, R.R.; Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.The corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic that facilitate a confrontation space for scientific and social existence of human frontiers. The rapid spread and mortality rate of COVID-19 and the preventive measures including social distancing and its impact on economy, developed an unprecedented consciousness around the globe. It has created an effect on the mental health of individuals employed across various sectors and is outlined in this study. There is currently an inadequate theoretical model that focuses on the comprehensive understanding of the psychology of preventive behaviour during the outbreak of pandemics. In this study, a transnational model is delineated for assessing the adoption of preventive behavioural practices associated with COVID-19 pandemic. It uses the components derived from the theories of situational awareness and health belief model and literatures related to impact of containment strategies on various sectors. The contribution includes policy recommendations that can be helpful for the healthcare professionals and government to control the disease spread. © © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.