Browsing by Author "Tripathi, A.K."

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A review study of thermal conductivity and influencing physico-mechanical properties of rocks
(Inderscience Publishers, 2023) Dileep, G.; Tripathi, A.K.; Murthy, C.S.N.; Pal, S.K.
Geothermal exploration and heat flow studies rely heavily on rock's thermal conductivity, and it controls the subsurface temperature distribution. A broad study of rock thermal properties has become progressively indispensable for geotechnical, civil, mining, and tunnel engineers. The thermal properties of rocks are essential to the ground modification technique of geothermal heat pumps, environmentally conscious projects like dumping high-level nuclear waste in underground sites, and a wide range of engineering projects. The steady-state technique is commonly employed for homogeneous materials, providing a more precise thermal conductivity value despite longer testing times. Conversely, the transient technique is preferred for heterogeneous materials with moisture content, considering this factor but requiring multiple tests to achieve accurate results. This paper explores the predominant approaches used to measure rock thermal conductivity and identify the factors that influence it. Additionally, researchers present a generic equation for predicting the thermal conductivity of rocks using data they have gathered. According to this article, the thermal conductivity of rocks is influenced by several factors such as porosity, density, pressure, moisture content, variations in mineral composition, temperature, and more. © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Advancing solar PV panel power prediction: A comparative machine learning approach in fluctuating environmental conditions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Tripathi, A.K.; Mangalpady, M.; Elumalai, P.V.; Karthik, K.; Khan, S.A.; Asif, M.; Koppula, K.S.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels play a crucial role in sustainable energy generation, yet their power output often faces uncertainties due to dynamic weather conditions. In this study, a comparative machine learning approach is introduced, utilizing multivariate regression (MR), support vector machine regression (SVMR), and Gaussian regression (GR) techniques for precise solar PV panel power prediction. The investigation into the impact of environmental factors—solar radiation, ambient temperature, and relative humidity—on PV panel output reveals the superior predictive capabilities of SVMR models. With a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.038, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.17, and an R2 value of 0.99, SVMR outperforms GR and MR models. Conversely, Gaussian regression demonstrates comparatively weaker performance, yielding an R2 of 0.88, an MSE of 0.49, and an MAE of 0.63. This research underscores the reliability and enhanced accuracy of the proposed SVMR model in forecasting solar PV panel output. The outcomes presented herein carry significant implications for promoting the widespread adoption of PV panels in electricity generation, particularly in challenging environmental conditions. The findings offer valuable insights into optimizing solar PV deployment, ultimately contributing to the expansion of solar power generation in the national energy landscape. Moreover, the comparative analysis provides insights into how anticipated PV power generation can adapt to varying weather conditions, encompassing factors such as temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. © 2024 The Authors
Analysis on photovoltaic panel temperature under the influence of solar radiation and ambient temperature
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Tripathi, A.K.; Ray, S.; Mangalpady, M.
The generation of electrical energy from solar energy is one of the most promising utilization of solar energy technology and it can be achieved by the application of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. In this paper an experimental study has been conducted to examine the effect of solar radiation and ambient temperature on the surface temperature of the solar photovoltaic panel. With the help of experimental measurements, a multi-linear regression model is developed relating the three quantities. The developed model validated with the actual measured values shows good accuracy with small values of root mean square error. During the study, the recordedvalue of maximum panel temperature was 78.50Â°C for the atmospheric condition which having solar radiation of 1140 W/m2 and ambient temperature of 36Â°C. The developed relation and subsequent outcomes of the study will help the PV panel designers and manufacturers incomprehending the effects of atmospheric parameters on the temperature of the photovoltaic panel. Â© 2021 IEEE
Assessment of whole-body vibration in hydraulic rock breaker operators based on operating parameters
(Springer Nature, 2025) Vikram, P.; Mangalpady, M.; Tripathi, A.K.; Ariff, S.; Cherie, A.
The study evaluates the impact of whole-body vibration (WBV) on rockbreaker operators in Indian mechanized quarries. The study was performed on three different operating parameters scenario with varied power and rate such as Operating parameter-(1) Impact power 37.25 HP with impact rate of 420–450 blows/min, Operating parameter-(2) Impact power 43 HP with Impact rate of 350–375 blows/min and operating parameter-(3) Impact power equal to 54 HP with impact rate of 280–300 blows/min. WBV data was collected from five rockbreaker operators using a seat pad tri-axial accelerometer, across three different operating parameters. The results indicated that all the rockbreaker operators exceeded the A(8) based exposure action value (EAV) of 0.5 m/s2 in all the three operating parameters but all the rockbreaker operators in the third operating parameter have exceeded the A (8)-based exposure limit value (ELV) of 1.15 m/s2 and vibration dose value (VDV) based exposure limit value (EAV) of 9.1 m/s1.75. The study’s findings suggest that the vibration amplification for operators working in operating parameter-1 was reduced completely compared to those working in the second and third operating parameters, based on the above “Health Guidance Caution Zone (HGCZ)” for daily vibration exposure, specifically A (8) and VDV (8) measurements, Based on the aforementioned observation, it can be inferred that operating parameter-1 is an advantageous setting, as it minimizes the vibration experienced by the rockbreaker operators. © The Author(s) 2025.
Best practices for implementing high-resistance grounding in mine power systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015) Sottile, J.; Novak, T.; Tripathi, A.K.
The proper implementation of high-resistance grounding of mine power systems reduces personnel hazards by limiting ground fault current and permits selective detection and clearing of faults. As described in IEEE Std. 142, high-resistance grounding employs a neutral resistor of high ohmic value, with the value of the resistor selected to limit the neutral ground resistor current to a magnitude equal to, or slightly greater than, the total capacitance charging current. Research has shown that the zero-sequence resistance of high-voltage mine distribution systems can be considerably larger than the magnitude of the system capacitive reactance, thereby violating the definition of high-resistance grounding. This paper outlines procedures for the proper sizing of the neutral grounding resistor (NGR) considering system capacitance. This paper begins with a discussion of problems associated with distributed capacitance in high-voltage high-resistance-grounded mine power systems. Subsequently, procedures for determining system capacitance, sizing the NGR, and establishing relay pickup settings are given. These procedures are straightforward to apply and require no computer modeling for implementation. Numerical examples applied to a high-voltage longwall utilization system and an underground mine distribution system are provided. © 1972-2012 IEEE.
Characteristics of vibration at failure and its relation to rock properties during tensile failure
(Books and Journals Private Ltd., 2020) Pal, S.K.; Pandey, N.; Tripathi, A.K.
The paper describes the study carried out to determine the relationships between the amount of vibrations that happen inside the rock at the time of failure under tensile loading and different rock properties such as uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, Young’s modulus, cohesion, angle of internal friction and density. It is then tried to interpret what are the factors that affect the vibrations and the time to failure. To capture the vibrations piezoelectric sensors are used which capture the acoustic signals and convert them into electric signals. With the help of Picoscope, it was then possible to recover the acoustic signals. At the time of failure, the peak voltage (h) was recorded along with the span of time the rock took to fail (w). The h/w ratio was then obtained and used to relate it with different rock properties. h/w ratio is the measure of how much vibrations happen inside the rock and for what amount of time. It was observed to be highly related to uniaxial tensile strength, angle of internal friction and rock density. © 2020, Books and Journals Private Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Contrast Preserving Tone Reproduction for High Dynamic Range Images
(2016) Jaiswal, S.; Tripathi, A.K.
An exact replica of a high dynamic range image which embeds withinit a wide range of luminance values on a standard display device(e.g. LCD monitor) is impossible to achieve without significant lossof information as the display devices are designed to handle verylow range of intensity values compared to the high dynamic rangescene. We propose an algorithm whose output is visually pleasingand preserves maximum information from the input image. In additionto that, proposed method is fast and easy to implement. Proposedalgorithm uses the local and global histogram information of theimage and produces the best tone mapped image. Results verify theefficiency of the algorithm. Proposed algorithm requires noparameter adjustment which makes it useful for any image dataset. � 2016 IEEE.
Contrast Preserving Tone Reproduction for High Dynamic Range Images
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Jaiswal, S.; Tripathi, A.K.
An exact replica of a high dynamic range image which embeds withinit a wide range of luminance values on a standard display device(e.g. LCD monitor) is impossible to achieve without significant lossof information as the display devices are designed to handle verylow range of intensity values compared to the high dynamic rangescene. We propose an algorithm whose output is visually pleasingand preserves maximum information from the input image. In additionto that, proposed method is fast and easy to implement. Proposedalgorithm uses the local and global histogram information of theimage and produces the best tone mapped image. Results verify theefficiency of the algorithm. Proposed algorithm requires noparameter adjustment which makes it useful for any image dataset. Â© 2016 IEEE.
Design and Development of an IoT-Based Gas Monitoring System for Underground Coal Mines
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Tripathi, A.K.; Mangalpady, M.; Rao, N.R.N.V.; Ray, S.
Safety in underground coal mines is a major challenge whenever the mine comprises of toxic gases. The risk of the presence of gas influences the overall productivity of the mines, which is a subject of concern to the mining industry. Therefore, there is a need for real-time monitoring of underground mine environment, so that the miners can be safeguarded in case of presence of toxic gases. In this paper, an attempt was made to evolve and validate an Internet of Things (IoT)-based gas monitoring system for monitoring underground coal mines environment, which includes multiple sensors for real-time measurement of different gases. The developed IoT-based gas monitoring system was tested and validated in the laboratory, under the controlled environmental conditions, for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) gases. Further, the test results were compared with the readings obtained by the digital multi-gas detector, which confirmed that the developed real-time gas monitoring system yields a good result. Â© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Design and development of Tilted Single Axis and Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Solar Tracking systems
(2017) Ray, S.; Tripathi, A.K.
The green energy also called the renewable energy, has gained much attention nowadays. Among the renewable energy solutions, solar energy is the very vital source that can be used to generate power. Electricity from the sun can be converted through photovoltaic (PV) module. The efficiency of solar module depends on sun intensity, if the intensity is more then efficiency is more. Since the position of sun continuously changes throughout the day, the intensity of sun rays is not uniform on PV module. So, for getting more sun rays on PV module solar tracker plays a much vital role. A solar tracker is a device for operating a solar photovoltaic panel, especially in solar cell applications and requires high degree of accuracy to ensure that the concentrated sunlight is dedicated precisely on to the power device. This paper describes in detail about the design, development and fabrication of two Prototype Solar Tracking Systems mounted with a single-axis and dual-axis solar tracking controllers to generate 10.3 volts, 1.5 watts capable of charging mobile batteries. The rays from the sun should fall perpendicularly onto the solar panels to maximize the capture of the rays and this is done by pointing the solar panels towards the sun and following its path across the sky. The solar tracking systems - Tilted Single Axis Tracker (TSAT) and Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Tracker (AADAT) are designed, implemented and experimentally tested. The design details of TSAT and AADAT are described which detect the sunlight using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors. The control circuit for the systems is based on Atmega8 Microcontroller which is programmed to detect the sunlight through the LDR sensors and then actuate the DC geared motor using L293D motor driver to position the solar panel where it can receive the maximum sunlight. � 2016 IEEE.
Design and development of Tilted Single Axis and Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Solar Tracking systems
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Ray, S.; Tripathi, A.K.
The green energy also called the renewable energy, has gained much attention nowadays. Among the renewable energy solutions, solar energy is the very vital source that can be used to generate power. Electricity from the sun can be converted through photovoltaic (PV) module. The efficiency of solar module depends on sun intensity, if the intensity is more then efficiency is more. Since the position of sun continuously changes throughout the day, the intensity of sun rays is not uniform on PV module. So, for getting more sun rays on PV module solar tracker plays a much vital role. A solar tracker is a device for operating a solar photovoltaic panel, especially in solar cell applications and requires high degree of accuracy to ensure that the concentrated sunlight is dedicated precisely on to the power device. This paper describes in detail about the design, development and fabrication of two Prototype Solar Tracking Systems mounted with a single-axis and dual-axis solar tracking controllers to generate 10.3 volts, 1.5 watts capable of charging mobile batteries. The rays from the sun should fall perpendicularly onto the solar panels to maximize the capture of the rays and this is done by pointing the solar panels towards the sun and following its path across the sky. The solar tracking systems - Tilted Single Axis Tracker (TSAT) and Azimuth-Altitude Dual Axis Tracker (AADAT) are designed, implemented and experimentally tested. The design details of TSAT and AADAT are described which detect the sunlight using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors. The control circuit for the systems is based on Atmega8 Microcontroller which is programmed to detect the sunlight through the LDR sensors and then actuate the DC geared motor using L293D motor driver to position the solar panel where it can receive the maximum sunlight. Â© 2016 IEEE.
Development and Evaluation of Dust Cleaning System for a Solar PV Panel
(University of Kuwait, 2022) Tripathi, A.K.; Mangalpady, M.; Ray, S.; Rao, N.R.N.V.; Vamshi Krishna, S.; Durgesh Nandan, D.
The most promising application of solar energy is the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by using solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. The performance of solar based PV panel is definitely influenced by the amount of solar radiation, which are reaching on the panel surface. Since the solar PV panels are operating in open atmosphere dust particles get deposited on their surfaces and most of the times they have to work in this condition. These deposited dust particles create a layer of dust particles over the panel surface which prevents the 100% penetration of solar radiation into the panel surface. Therefore, proper cleaning of the panel surface becomes very necessary. In order to improve the performance of the PV panel an automatic microcontroller driven dust cleaning technique is developed which is capable of removing the accumulated dust particles from the PV panel surface. Moreover, an experimental study has been performed to analyse the efficiency of this developed techn ique. The developed cleaning system showed an improvement of 27.98% in the output power of PV panel when compared to the dusty panel. © 2022 University of Kuwait. All rights reserved.
Effect of shading on PV panel technology
(2018) Tripathi, A.K.; Murthy, C.S.N.
Solar photovoltaic energy conversion has gained much attention nowadays. The performance of solar photovoltaic system mainly depends on the solar radiation falling on the panel surface. Shading across the panel surface is the main cause for the degradation of its performance. It was found that due to 25% shading strength in mono crystalline PV panel the reduction in short circuit current and maximum power output was respectively 40.72% and 41.40%. Similarly, the reduction in short circuit current and maximum power output was 60.86% and 61.80%, respectively for poly crystalline panel. Under the same level of shading the monocrystalline PV panel shows less reduction in its performance when compared to poly crystalline PV panel. � 2017 IEEE.
Effect of shading on PV panel technology
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Tripathi, A.K.; Murthy, C.S.N.
Solar photovoltaic energy conversion has gained much attention nowadays. The performance of solar photovoltaic system mainly depends on the solar radiation falling on the panel surface. Shading across the panel surface is the main cause for the degradation of its performance. It was found that due to 25% shading strength in mono crystalline PV panel the reduction in short circuit current and maximum power output was respectively 40.72% and 41.40%. Similarly, the reduction in short circuit current and maximum power output was 60.86% and 61.80%, respectively for poly crystalline panel. Under the same level of shading the monocrystalline PV panel shows less reduction in its performance when compared to poly crystalline PV panel. Â© 2017 IEEE.
Effective Maintenance Planning for Improving the Reliability of Underground Mining Equipment—A Case Study
(Acadlore Publishing Services Limited, 2025) Balaraju, B.; Raj, M.G.; Tripathi, A.K.
The Load Haul Dumper (LHD) is essential machinery utilized for moving ore in the underground mining industry, in order to fulfil production targets. In this connection, the efficiency of the equipment should be maintained at an ideal standard, to be accomplished by reducing unexpected failure of components or subsystems in this intricate system. Downtime analysis helped identify faulty components and subsystems, which require the development of complementary maintenance plans to facilitate the replacement or fixing of parts. Proper practices of maintenance management improve the performance of the equipment. In this research, the efficiency of the LHD machine was assessed through reliability methods. Initially, the assumption of independent and identical distribution (IID) for the data sets was validated using trend and serial correlation analyses. The statistical tests indicated that the data sets adhered to the IID assumption. Therefore, a renewal process method was utilized for additional examination. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test was utilized to identify the most suitable distribution for the data sets. The theoretical probability distributions were estimated parametrically using the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) approach. The dependability of each separate subsystem was determined using the optimal fit distribution. Based on the reliability outcomes, preventive maintenance (PM) time plans were created to reach the targeted 90% reliability. Different maintenance strategies, in addition, were suggested to the maintenance team to extend the lifespan of the machine. © 2025 by the author(s). Licensee Acadlore Publishing Services Limited, Hong Kong.
Enhancing safety in surface mine blasting operations with IoT based ground vibration monitoring and prediction system integrated with machine learning
(Nature Research, 2025) Mangalpady, M.; Vardhan, H.; Tripathi, A.K.; Parida, S.; RajaSekhar Reddy, N.V.; Sivalingam, K.M.; Yingqiu, L.; Elumalai, P.V.
Monitoring and predicting ground vibration levels during blasting operations is essential to safeguard mining sites and surrounding communities. This study introduces an IoT-based ground vibration monitoring device specifically designed for limestone mining operations, combined with machine learning algorithms to predict ground vibration intensity. The primary aim is to provide an efficient predictive tool for anticipating hazardous vibration levels, enabling proactive safety measures. A comparative analysis with the industry-standard Minimate Blaster indicates high accuracy of the IoT device, with percentage errors as low as 0.803% across multiple blasts. The study also employed Support Vector Regression (SVR), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms to predict Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) values. Among these, the Random Forest model outperformed the others, achieving an R2 score of 0.92, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.21, and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.31. These findings underscore the reliability and predictive accuracy of the IoT-integrated Random Forest model, suggesting that it can significantly contribute to enhancing safety and operational efficiency in mining. The research highlights the potential of IoT and machine learning technologies to transform ground vibration monitoring, promoting safer and more sustainable mining practices. © The Author(s) 2025.
Estimation of Rock Strength Properties Using Selected Mechanical Parameters Obtained During the Rotary Drilling
(Springer, 2019) Lakshminarayana, C.R.; Tripathi, A.K.; Pal, S.K.
During the preliminary stage of rock engineering projects, the estimation of mechanical properties of rocks is most often required. The requirement of a large number of high-quality rock core samples is the major drawback when the mechanical rock properties are to be determined in a well-established rock mechanics laboratory. In this study, an attempt is made to estimate the uniaxial compressive strength and Brazilian tensile strength of sedimentary rocks using the selected mechanical drilling operating parameters obtained during the rotary drilling. The operating measured parameters such as the weight on bit or thrust and the vibration frequency induced at machine or drill head were acquired using the drill tool dynamometer and sound/vibration data acquisition system, respectively. The mathematical models were developed considering the drilling operational parameters (drill bit diameter, drill bit speed and penetration rate) and measured mechanical parameters (thrust and vibration frequency). The prediction potential of the developed models was assessed by the prediction performance indices. The outcome results revealed that the developed mathematical model using the approached method is significant and can be conveniently used for the estimation of mechanical properties of rocks during the rotary drilling. © 2019, The Institution of Engineers (India).
Evaluation of solar PV panel performance under humid atmosphere
(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Tripathi, A.K.; Ray, S.; Mangalpady, A.; Prasad, S.
The main aim of this paper is to study the effects of humidity on the PV panel. In this paper, the panel performance was studied in the laboratory under varied humid atmosphere. The PV performance parameters were computed by measuring its output voltage and current, amount of solar radiation incident on the panel's surface and its surface temperature by varying humidity levels artificially in the laboratory. From the studies it was observed that with rising humidity levels, solar insolation and panel power output decrease. With an increment of 50.15% in the humidity level, the panel power output reduces by 34.22%. Moreover, it was found that due to the increase in humidity from 65.40% to 98.20% the panel temperature got lowered by 11.40%. Â© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Experimental investigation on potential use of drilling parameters to quantify rock strength
(Springer, 2021) Lakshminarayana, C.R.; Tripathi, A.K.; Pal, S.K.
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) represents the strength of the rock. It frequently requires during the introductory phase of mining projects such as tunneling, rock excavation, blast hole designs, etc. Usually, the determination of UCS of rocks is carrying out in a concerned laboratory. The main drawback of determining the UCS in a laboratory requires at least five core samples of high-grade quality. Many problems and limitations are associated with removing the core, and also preparing the test specimen for UCS is tedious, time-consuming, and expensive. Therefore an attempt is made to develop an efficient indirect method to estimate the UCS of rocks without using the core samples. In this experimental investigation, the drilling response, such as thrust, is gathered by drill tool dynamometer considering the different drill operating parameters. The prediction model is developed with a regression technique using the measured thrust and calculated torque. The prediction capacity and validation of the model are carried out using the standard procedure. The experimental results show that the model could explain the variance in UCS up to 93.60%. RMSE and MAPE values in terms of percentage are 3.49% and 11.27%, respectively. Besides, the model's validation is checked for sandstone and limestone having the UCS 28 MPa and 35 MPa, respectively, and yielded the best prediction results with an error of 8.51% and 8.01% suggesting that the developed model could predict the UCS of sedimentary rock types within acceptable error limit, and reasonably. The correlation of UCS of rocks and drilling specific energy is also tested and found that linear relationship between them with an R2 value of 92.10%. © 2021, The Author(s).
Forestry reclamation of disturbed surface mine lands
(2011) Tripathi, A.K.; Bhattacharya, J.; Pal, S.K.
The goal of forestry reclamation is creation of naturally stable and productive forests on disturbed surface mine soil in as little time as possible which generate value for their owners and provide watershed protection, wildlife habitat, and other environmental services. This paper describes research conducted to study the forestry reclamation of disturbed surface mine lands. Soil data for forestry reclaimed land in Rheinish lignite area has also been compared to that of adjacent undisturbed forestry land to investigate the effectiveness of reclamation and soil management operations in restoring the disturbed surface mine land similar to adjacent undisturbed land.