Browsing by Author "Sundaramoorthi, S."

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A sustainable approach to power cathodic prevention system: cement-based electrolytes with conductive and mineral additives for battery applications
(Springer Nature, 2025) Sundaramoorthi, S.; Palanisamy, T.
Cement-based battery system is an area of development that focuses on multi-functional building material, where the cement and its ionic conductivity are explored for potential application in devising energy storage devices. This could be a revolutionary concept whereby the buildings could harness/store their own energy, thus contributing to a sustainable construction option. Certain low-power operations like corrosion prevention, powering LEDs and sensors associated with structural health monitoring systems are some of the application fronts for these battery systems. This paper presents an investigation into a cement-based electrolyte matrix incorporating ionic and electronic conductive particles as additives, along with various supplementary cementitious materials. The performance of the developed battery systems is assessed based on the evolution of open circuit voltage (OCV), constant current discharge behaviour, lifespan, and capacity. Silica fume, the finest of the binder portion in the study at 5%, along with epsom salt at 12% as a conductive additive in the electrolyte mix improved the performance of the cement-based battery system exhibiting an OCV of 1.41 V, an operating voltage of 1.02 V, initial power density of 48 µW/cm2, discharge life of 322 s and a capacity of 0.067mAh. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Assessment of Ionic Composition of Fresh Cement Blends System with Addition of SCMs and Conductive Materials
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Rakesh Kumar, N.; Sundaramoorthi, S.; Palanisamy, T.
In this experimental study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect on the ionic composition of cement system at early age upon the addition of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and conductive additives. The ionic composition of cement system refers to the type and concentration of ionic species and it varies depending on the type of cement and degree of hydration. Cement system containing fly ash, silica fume, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in different proportions were blended to examine the effect of SCMs on the ionic concentration. Apart from SCMs, conductive additives like graphite powder and inorganic salt were also included in the study. The pore solution, formed as a result of the hydration of cement, contains a complex mixture of ions. The ionic conductivity of the pore solution is determined from the concentration of various ionic species. Ionic conductivity is responsible for the electrical, chemical, and mechanical performance of the cement system, and hence, understanding the same is essential. Pore solution is extracted in the early age of the hydrating cement system by centrifugation, and with ion chromatographic technique, the concentrations of ions in the pore solution are determined and the results and discussion are compiled in this paper. From the study, silica fume and magnesium-based salt were observed to be an effective additive in improving the conductivity of the pore solution. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Exploring pore solution chemistry and solid phase assemblies in cement-based electrolytes for potential structural batteries
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sundaramoorthi, S.; Palanisamy, T.
This study develops a sustainable cement-based electrolyte for a cement-based battery by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and epsom salt to enhance electrical performance. Ionic composition and liquid-phase characterization revealed that SCM and epsomite reduced [Ca2+] and [OH?] ion concentration while modulating [SO42?] concentration in the pore solution, depending on the SCM type. Silica fume-based mixes, with lower reactive alumina content, showed increased [SO42?] and higher ionic strength. The SF5E mix exhibited superior electrical performance, achieving a 56 % higher discharge life. Cyclic voltammetry indicated quasi-reversible behaviour with hybrid capacitive-faradaic characteristics, confirming its suitability for energy storage. The microstructural analysis highlighted the stable C–S–H formation, ensuring mechanical integrity alongside electrical functionality. The findings establish SF5E as the optimal electrolyte, demonstrating a balance between ionic conductivity and structural stability. By linking cement chemistry with battery performance, this work lays the foundation for a scalable, self-sustaining energy storage system for applications in structural health monitoring. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Partial replacement of steel slag aggregates in concrete as fine aggregates (induction blast furnace slag)
(Springer, 2019) Sundaramoorthi, S.; Hemalatha, T.; C, C.
In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of partial replacement of conventional river sand with steel slag aggregate. The replacement of river sand by slag aggregate provides dual advantage of reducing disposal problems in steel industries and conserving the natural resources. In this study, slag aggregate originated from induction blast furnace has been used. The physical and chemical properties of slag aggregate evidenced the feasibility of using this material as a substitute for river sand. Total of three mixes made with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), cement replaced with fly ash and river sand replaced with slag aggregate have been considered for this study. The mix is designed for M40 grade. First mix (Control mix 0M0) made of OPC as a binder and 100% river sand, second mix (0M50) made of OPC and 50% slag aggregate and third mix (25M50) made of 25% OPC replaced by fly ash and 50% river sand replaced by slag aggregate. Mechanical and durability properties of all the three concretes are studied. It is found that the strength results of 0M0 and 0M50 are comparable indicating the suitability of using slag aggregate as an alternative for river sand. However, the third mix with fly ash replacement in binder showed reduced strength in comparison with control concrete. Hence, it is concluded that when slag aggregate is used as a partial replacement for river sand (50%), it is advisable to use OPC than the Pozzolanic Portland Cement (PPC). © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF STEEL SLAG AGGREGATES AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF RIVER SAND IN CONCRETE
(Associated Cement Companies Ltd., 2023) Sundaramoorthi, S.; Hemalatha, T.; C, C.
In order to bring sustainability in construction, nowadays, many industrial solid wastes are used as a partial replacement for cement as well as aggregates. Using industrial wastes in construction solves dual problem of waste disposal and depletion of natural resources. Steel aggregate is one such industrial solid waste having potential to replace the conventional river sand. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the performance of steel slag aggregates in concrete as a partial replacement for conventional river sand. Three mixes were made for this study, first mix made of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and 100 % river sand (0M0), second mix (0M50) made of OPC and 50 % river sand replaced by slag aggregates and third mix (25M50) made of 25 % fly ash and 75 % OPC, and 50 % slag aggregates. Tests for assessing the mechanical and durability properties were conducted. The results showed that the strength and durability of concrete made with steel slag aggregate and river sand were comparable. This study shows the suitability of using 50% steel slag aggregates as a partial replacement for river sand in concrete. © 2023, Associated Cement Companies Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Prediction of Pore Solution Concentration in Cement Composite System by Using Machine Learning Techniques
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Walke, S.; Sundaramoorthi, S.; Palanisamy, T.
A thorough understanding of the pore solution's composition is crucial for a number of cementitious material properties, including durability. The pore solution concentration is determined by a variety of experimental techniques. However, these approaches aren't always straightforward. A possible substitute to complex pore solution extraction and analysis procedures could be machine learning (ML) models. The objective of this research is to explore ML techniques for predicting the cement pore solution composition composite systems produced with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and supplemental cementitious materials (SCM). Data on the compositions of pore solutions for different cementitious systems were gathered from the literature and combined into a comprehensive database that has over 400 data entries. Random Forest and Gradient Boosting techniques were applied to the database. Statistic metrics such as R2, RMSE and MAE were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the built model. Sensitivity analysis of the built models was carried out and compared. The gradient boosting technique was found to be the most effective method in prediction of the pore solution concentration (R2 ranging from (0.80â€“0.98) and lower RMSE values) due to its effective problem-solving capacity and minimum requirement for futureÂ engineering. Thus, ML models offer a potential approach for determining the pore solution concentration. Â© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Review of Various Microbial Immobilization Methods Towards Self-healing Application
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Baby, B.; Palanisamy, T.; Sundaramoorthi, S.
Crack development and propagation in concrete structures, associated with internal and external stresses possess a severe threat to the performance and durability. Repair works of such concrete structures impart an immense financial toll. Self-healing mortar and concrete are developed with a view to provide a solution to address the aforementioned problem. The viability and performance of calcite precipitating microbes inside the concrete, in the long term, is always a concern when it comes to self-healing application. Among different methods to introduce such bacteria inside, immobilisation is considered to yield better results having the advantage of lesser impact from the adverse environment. This paper reviews the available immobilisation and encapsulation methods for microbial transport into the mortar or concrete, which makes use of porous media, hydrogels, polymeric coatings, etc., and its effectiveness in making a resilient building material. The current practices and the challenges associated with encapsulation methods to make a viable bio-mortar is critically reviewed and presented. The interaction of microbial colonies with the transporting medium and crack healing efficiency is compared based on different encapsulation methods. An experimental study was conducted to determine the impact of nutrients on the compressive strength of cement mortar was also conducted to identify the impact on strength parameters. The nutrients like calcium lactate, calcium nitrate, urea, calcium formate, and yeast extract in different dosages were analysed to achieve the optimum dosage value. It was observed nutrients other than urea and yeast extract, improved the compressive strength of bio-mortar at respective optimum dosages. Â© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.