Browsing by Author "Shankar, K.S."

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An experimental investigation on performance and emission parameters of a multi-cylinder SI engine with gasoline–LPG dual fuel mode of operation
(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2017) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
The present study deals with the performance and emission characteristics of a multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) spark ignition (SI) engine in gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) dual fuel mode of operation. The LPG–gasoline ratio varied from 0 to 100% by controlling the injector signals at various speed and load conditions. Experiments show that the power output decreases with increase in speed and LPG content at lower load marginally due to lower volumetric efficiency. At higher load and lower speed conditions as the percentage of LPG increases there is not much difference in the power output. Results also reveal that 50% LPG flow gives maximum efficiency at full load condition and 4000 rpm due to lower fuel consumption. With 50% usage of LPG, the average increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is 2% till the engine speed of 4000 rpm at full load (100%) and half load (50%) conditions. As the LPG ratio increases the engine will work in the lean region for all speed and load conditions. For all load and speed conditions, results reveal that 100% LPG will give minimum hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Oxide of nitrogen (NOX) emissions are higher for 100% LPG. However 50% LPG flow gives good agreement of NOX, HC and CO emissions when compared with gasoline operation. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Cycle by cycle variations of LPG-gasoline dual fuel on a multi-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine
(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Vighnesha, N.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
Combustion stability of a multipoint port fuel injection spark ignition engine working on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-gasoline dual fuel mode of operation was analysed. LPG-gasoline ratio was varied from 0 to 100% by controlling the injector signals at wide open throttle condition and 3000 RPM. Increasing LPG ratio will give higher peak pressure and higher indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) because of the higher flame propagation speed of LPG. The experiment showed that maximum pressure will occur nearer to top dead centre when compared to gasoline. Fluctuation in maximum pressure is higher for LPG and is minimum for 50% LPG. Time return map showed that combustion instabilibity will be more for 100% LPG and is less for 50% LPG. Coefficient of variation of IMEP and maximum pressure for gasoline is higher than LPG. With 100% LPG, NOx emission is almost three times that of gasoline. Hence it can be concluded that 50% LPG will give the better combustion characteristics when compared to other fuel blends. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Performance and emission characteristics of LPG-Gasoline dual fuel on a multi-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine
(2015) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
The present research experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of LPG-Gasoline dual fuel on a gasoline engine. The engine setup consists of four stroke, four cylinder, water cooled MPFI engine with eddy current type loading unit. Experiments have been conducted with different LPG-Gasoline ratio (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) by mass and different speeds from 2000 to 4500 rpm in steps of 500 rpm at full load condition. From experimental investigation it is found that with the 50% usage of LPG, increases the brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency when compared to gasoline for speed range of 2000 rpm to 4000 rpm. LPG will have much lower CO and HC emissions when compared to gasoline. This is a positive effect on environment. But for other LPG-gasoline ratio these emissions going to increases when compared to LPG but it is well below when compared to gasoline for all speeds. NOx emission is more for LPG almost 4 times that of gasoline for all speed conditions. For other LPG-gasoline ratio NOx emission is lower.
Performance and emission characteristics of LPG-Gasoline dual fuel on a multi-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine
(Combustion Institute, 2015) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
The present research experimentally investigates the performance and emission characteristics of LPG-Gasoline dual fuel on a gasoline engine. The engine setup consists of four stroke, four cylinder, water cooled MPFI engine with eddy current type loading unit. Experiments have been conducted with different LPG-Gasoline ratio (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) by mass and different speeds from 2000 to 4500 rpm in steps of 500 rpm at full load condition. From experimental investigation it is found that with the 50% usage of LPG, increases the brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency when compared to gasoline for speed range of 2000 rpm to 4000 rpm. LPG will have much lower CO and HC emissions when compared to gasoline. This is a positive effect on environment. But for other LPG-gasoline ratio these emissions going to increases when compared to LPG but it is well below when compared to gasoline for all speeds. NOx emission is more for LPG almost 4 times that of gasoline for all speed conditions. For other LPG-gasoline ratio NOx emission is lower.
Performance and emission studies of a LPG fueled spark ignition engine with steam induction
(2013) Shankar, K.S.; Mohanan, P.
In this study the combustion and emission characteristics of a conventional naturally aspirated, four-cylinder, multipoint port fuel injection S.I engine modified to run with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) injection along with steam induction are evaluated. Experiments are conducted at wide-open throttle condition and at a speed range of 2000 rpm to 4500 rpm with a static ignition timing of 6-degree bTDC. The steam flow rates of 10 to 25% of LPG flow rates (by mass) are used. The results with LPG and 25% steam induction at wide-open throttle condition and 3500 rpm indicates that the brake thermal efficiency has reduced by 2%, and the peak cylinder pressure has reduced by about 10 bar, with the location of the peak pressure being way from top dead centre when compared to LPG combustion. Oxides of nitrogen emission has reduced significantly with the induction of steam with a reduction of 45% when compared to LPG at 3500 rpm. The carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions at the above condition have increased marginally. Thus the induction of steam along with LPG has resulted in notable reduction in the oxides of nitrogen emissions with a slight reduction in engine performance.
Performance and emission studies of a LPG fueled spark ignition engine with steam induction
(Korean Society of Combustion, 2013) Shankar, K.S.; Mohanan, P.
In this study the combustion and emission characteristics of a conventional naturally aspirated, four-cylinder, multipoint port fuel injection S.I engine modified to run with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) injection along with steam induction are evaluated. Experiments are conducted at wide-open throttle condition and at a speed range of 2000 rpm to 4500 rpm with a static ignition timing of 6-degree bTDC. The steam flow rates of 10 to 25% of LPG flow rates (by mass) are used. The results with LPG and 25% steam induction at wide-open throttle condition and 3500 rpm indicates that the brake thermal efficiency has reduced by 2%, and the peak cylinder pressure has reduced by about 10 bar, with the location of the peak pressure being way from top dead centre when compared to LPG combustion. Oxides of nitrogen emission has reduced significantly with the induction of steam with a reduction of 45% when compared to LPG at 3500 rpm. The carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions at the above condition have increased marginally. Thus the induction of steam along with LPG has resulted in notable reduction in the oxides of nitrogen emissions with a slight reduction in engine performance.