Browsing by Author "Sethi, V."
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Item Particulate respiratory dose to Indian women from domestic cooking(2005) Varghese, S.K.; Gangamma, S.; Patil, R.S.; Sethi, V.Particulate mass size distributions were measured during cooking and non-cooking periods in three Indian urban household kitchens with Liquefied Petroleum Gas as fuel. Based on the measured mass size distributions, fraction of particulate deposition in the respiratory system were calculated for a healthy Indian female using a deterministic lung deposition model. Respiratory physiological data of Indian women were collected from the published data. These physiological parameters were incorporated in the model to determine the particulate deposition in the respiratory system. The cooking generated very high concentration of particles 4 to 5 times more than the non-cooking background periods. Particulate size distributions in both cooking and non-cooking periods showed bimodal characteristics. Cooking process generated particles predominantly in accumulation mode (0.1-0.3 ?m) whereas during non-cooking periods particulates are found in coarse mode (1.0-2.0 ?m). Also, during frying process, the particulates were found to have a predominant coarser/droplet mode 0.7-1.0 ?m. The highest deposition was observed in pulmonary region during cooking periods. The study shows that the daily particulate dose to the urban Indian women from domestic cooking is comparable with the dose resulting from outdoor particulate exposure. Copyright American Association for Aerosol Research.Item Studies for removal of tar from producer gas in small scale biomass gasifiers using biodiesel(2019) Madav, V.; Das, D.; Kumar, M.; Surwade, M.; Parikh, P.P.; Sethi, V.Biomass gasification based electricity generation systems are emerging as an important component of the decentralised energy supply systems in rural India. Each type of gasifier has different reaction conditions, temperature, residence time, pressure, feedstock, reactor design, and therefore the tar and particulate matter (PM) compositions and concentrations are found to vary. A field study was conducted on a 35 kWe downdraft gasifier to measure and characterize the tar in producer gas using GC-MS, for rice husk and pine needles as the two biomass feeds. Use of water-based scrubbers for removal of tar and PM is prevalent, however it is often the case that such clean-up is not adequate for meeting the engine manufacturers requirements for the quality of intake gas. Limited attempts have been reported for the use of organic solvent based gas cleaning in small scale downdraft gasifiers in the range 15 50 kWe. In the present work, toluene, naphthalene and phenol were selected as representative compounds of tar, and methyl oleate was selected to represent biodiesel as an organic solvent. A bench scale packed bed scrubber was designed for 95% removal of toluene. An 86 97% removal of toluene from the gas stream was achieved, and similar results were obtained for phenol and naphthalene. Further experiments were carried out with actual producer gas from a 1 kWe downdraft wood gasifier. Pongamia pinnata based biodiesel was used as the solvent, and 88 92% of the tar removal from the producer gas stream was achievable. 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Studies for removal of tar from producer gas in small scale biomass gasifiers using biodiesel(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Madav, V.; Das, D.; Kumar, M.; Surwade, M.; Parikh, P.P.; Sethi, V.Biomass gasification based electricity generation systems are emerging as an important component of the decentralised energy supply systems in rural India. Each type of gasifier has different reaction conditions, temperature, residence time, pressure, feedstock, reactor design, and therefore the tar and particulate matter (PM) compositions and concentrations are found to vary. A field study was conducted on a 35 kWe downdraft gasifier to measure and characterize the tar in producer gas using GC-MS, for rice husk and pine needles as the two biomass feeds. Use of water-based scrubbers for removal of tar and PM is prevalent, however it is often the case that such clean-up is not adequate for meeting the engine manufacturers’ requirements for the quality of intake gas. Limited attempts have been reported for the use of organic solvent based gas cleaning in small scale downdraft gasifiers in the range 15–50 kWe. In the present work, toluene, naphthalene and phenol were selected as representative compounds of tar, and methyl oleate was selected to represent biodiesel as an organic solvent. A bench scale packed bed scrubber was designed for 95% removal of toluene. An 86–97% removal of toluene from the gas stream was achieved, and similar results were obtained for phenol and naphthalene. Further experiments were carried out with actual producer gas from a 1 kWe downdraft wood gasifier. Pongamia pinnata based biodiesel was used as the solvent, and 88–92% of the tar removal from the producer gas stream was achievable. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd