Browsing by Author "Santosh Kumar, B.Y."

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    Enhanced Cartilage Regeneration: Chemical, Mechanical, and In Vitro Analysis of Innovative TiO2-Reinforced PVA Implants
    (American Chemical Society, 2025) Santosh Kumar, B.Y.; Isloor, A.M.; Kumar, G.C.; Prashanth, S.; Penupolu, A.
    This study focuses on developing a synthetic, biocompatible graft for treating cartilage lesions. One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) were incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel and processed using freeze-drying without chemical surfactants. Upon optimization of the composition, it was found that the incorporation of TNT altered the biomechanical properties without causing any adverse physiological effects. Annealing treatment further enhanced mechanical strength and energy dissipation, promoting elasticity. The hydrogel with 2 wt % TNT achieved maximum mechanical strength and the storage modulus values indicated elastic dominance, and biotribological tests showed cartilage-like frictional response via hydrodynamic lubrication. Against the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, grafts showed significant antimicrobial activity. In vitro experiments demonstrated that these nanocomposite hydrogels supported adhesion, proliferation, and upregulation of cartilage-specific gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells hMSCs. This suggests potential for promoting hMSC chondrogenic differentiation and accelerating cartilage regeneration. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
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    Processing and characterization of egg shell derived nano-hydroxyapatite synthetic bone for Orthopaedic and Arthroscopy implants and substitutes in dentistry
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Santosh Kumar, B.Y.; Kumar, G.C.; Shahapurkar, K.; Tirth, V.; Algahtani, A.; Al-Mughanam, T.; Alghtani, A.H.; Murthy, H.C.
    The present work is focused on the nano-Hydroxyapatite (nHAp) synthesis with two different Indian breed Aseel and Kadaknath eggshells. The alloplast implants were developed through the foam replica method with polyurethane 45-PPI as a porous template. The synthesized nHAp was characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FE-SEM images of the nHAp showed the one dimensional clustered nanoparticles and the X-ray diffraction spectrum confirms that the major phase was hydroxyapatite with a small trace of β-tricalcium phosphate. The maximum compression strength of the sample was 5.49 ± 0.12 MPa which is in the range of the compression strength of human trabecular bone. The thermal and degradability studies results confirmed that these are highly stable and provides necessary a resorption needed for new bone tissue formation. Besides, the antimicrobial activity against tested human microbiome are satisfactory and the cell viability towards MG 63 human osteoblast-like cells provides a potential pathway for developing the nHAp implants for bone tissue engineering. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd